6,469 research outputs found
Deformation and Failure of Amorphous Solidlike Materials
Since the 1970's, theories of deformation and failure of amorphous, solidlike
materials have started with models in which stress-driven, molecular
rearrangements occur at localized flow defects via "shear transformations".
This picture is the basis for the modern theory of "shear transformation zones"
(STZ's), which is the focus of this review. We begin by describing the
structure of the theory in general terms and by showing several applications,
specifically: interpretation of stress-strain measurements for a bulk metallic
glass, analysis of numerical simulations of shear banding, and the use of the
STZ equations of motion in free-boundary calculations. In the second half of
this article, we focus for simplicity on what we call an "athermal" model of
amorphous plasticity, and use that model to illustrate how the STZ theory
emerges within a systematic formulation of nonequilibrium thermodynamics.Comment: 28 pages, 4 figures, submitted to Annual Reviews of Condensed Matter
Physic
Effect of Chronic Alcohol Consumption on Phosphatidylcholine Hydroperoxide Content of Rat Liver and Brain
Purpose: To investigate the correlation between alcohol-induced oxidative stress and tissue phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxide (PC-OOH) content of rat liver and brain.Methods: Ten Wistar rats were divided into two groups: one group was given 20 % ethanol (5 g/kg) and the other the same volume of normal saline, orally once a day for 6 weeks. Catalase activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and PC-OOH content of liver and brain were determined.Results: The ethanol-treated group had lower catalase activity and total antioxidant capacity. MDA level in the liver was 0.33 ± 0.07 ΌM/mg protein which is significantly (p < 0.05) higher than that of the control group (0.17 ± 0.06 ΌM/mg protein), but in brain, there was no significant difference. PC-OOH level in the ethanol-treated group was 46.91 ± 12.87 pmol/mg in liver and 71.97 ± 26.12 pmol/mg protein in brain while PC-OOH level of control group was 21.40 ± 10.71 pmol/mg protein in liver and that in brain was 25.29 ± 5.67 pmol/mg protein pmol. Thus, PC-OOH levels in both liver and brain were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than that of control group. PC-OOH content in the liver and brain correlated significantly (p < 0.05) with catalase activity and total antioxidant capacity (TAC).Conclusion: The study demonstrates that PC-OOH content in liver and brain tissues may be a marker for alcohol-induced oxidative stress.Keywords: Alcohol Toxicity, Oxidative Stress, Phosphatidylcholine Hydroperoxide, Liver, Brain, Biomarke
Carbon nanotubes grown in situ by a novel catalytic method
Carbon nanotubes can be produced by the catalytic decomposition of hydrocarbons on small metal particles. However, nanotubes are generally produced together with non-tubular filaments and tubes coated by pyrolytic carbon. We propose a novel catalyst method for the in situ production, in a composite powder, of a huge amount
of single- and multiwalled carbon nanotubes, having a diameter between 1.5 and 15 nm and arranged in bundles up to 100 mm long. We anticipate that dense materials prepared from such composite powders could have interesting mechanical and physical properties
The ubiquitin ligase TRIM27 functions as a host restriction factor antagonized by Mycobacterium tuberculosis PtpA during mycobacterial infection
published_or_final_versio
Antikaon production in nucleon-nucleon reactions near threshold
The antikaon production cross section from nucleon-nucleon reactions near
threshold is studied in a meson exchange model. We include both pion and kaon
exchange, but neglect the interference between the amplitudes. In case of pion
exchange the antikaon production cross section can be expressed in terms of the
antikaon production cross section from a pion-nucleon interaction, which we
take from the experimental data if available. Otherwise, a -resonance
exchange model is introduced to relate the different reaction cross sections.
In case of kaon exchange the antikaon production cross section is related to
the elastic and cross sections, which are again taken from
experimental measurements. We find that the one-meson exchange model gives a
satisfactory fit to the available data for the cross section
at high energies. We compare our predictions for the cross section near
threshold with an earlier empirical parameterization and that from phase space
models.Comment: 16 pages, LaTeX, 5 postscript figures included, submitted to Z. Phys.
Seedling emergence and establishment of Pinus sylvestris in the Mongolian forest-steppe ecotone
Syftet med studien Ă€r att undersöka och beskriva pedagogers uppfattningar av hur de skapar delaktighet och inflytande, i en kommuns förskoleverksamhet och organisation.Mina frĂ„gestĂ€llningar Ă€r hur pedagogerna beskriver sina möjligheter och hinder för att fĂ„ och skapa delaktighet och inflytande, samt vilka inre och yttre faktorer som finns som pĂ„verkar möjligheten för delaktighet och inflytande.För att undersöka detta har jag valt en kvalitativ forskningsansats. Jag har genomfört semistrukturerade intervjuer med sju pedagoger. Det empiriska materialet har bearbetats kvalitativt i en empirinĂ€ra ansats.I resultatet sĂ„g jag att ett större fokus pĂ„ processkvaliteten behöver lĂ€ggas och medvetenheten behöver ökas, kring den pedagogiska dokumentationens betydelse.Sammanfattningsvis behöver den undersökta kommunens förskolor en gemensam samsyn i hela systemet i ett förstĂ„elsebaserat och tolkande perspektiv som gynnar en lĂ„ngsiktig och hĂ„llbar utveckling.Participation and influence in the preschool, a study with teachers in one municipality.The purpose of this study is to explore and describe teacherâs perceptions of how they create participation and influence, in a municipalityÂŽs preschool and organization.My questions are how teachers describe their opportunities and barriers to get and create participation and influence, and what internal and external factors that affecting the ability of participation and influence.To examine this, I have chosen a qualitative research approach. I have conducted semi structured interviews, with seven teachers. The empirical data have been processed in a qualitative empirical closely approach.In the result, I found that a greater focus on process quality needs to be added and awareness needs to be increased, on the pedagogic documentations significances.In conclusion, needs the municipal preschools, which have been examined, get a common consensus of the entire system in a understanding based and interpretive perspective, that support a long term and sustainable development
A novel COâ-responsive systemic signaling pathway controlling plant mycorrhizal symbiosis
Elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (eCOâ) concentrations promote symbiosis between roots and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), modifying plant nutrient acquisition and cycling of carbon, nitrogen and phosphate. However, the biological mechanisms by which plants transmit aerial eCOâ cues to roots, to alter the symbiotic associations remain unknown.
We used a range of interdisciplinary approaches, including gene silencing, grafting, transmission electron microscopy, liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LCâMS/MS), biochemical methodologies and gene transcript analysis to explore the complexities of environmental signal transmission from the point of perception in the leaves at the apex to the roots.
Here we show that eCOâ triggers apoplastic hydrogen peroxide (HâOâ)âdependent auxin production in tomato shoots followed by systemic signaling that results in strigolactone biosynthesis in the roots. This redoxâauxinâstrigolactone systemic signaling cascade facilitates eCOââinduced AMF symbiosis and phosphate utilization.
Our results challenge the current paradigm of eCOâ effects on AMF and provide new insights into potential targets for manipulation of AMF symbiosis for high nutrient utilization under future climate change scenarios
Lactadherin blocks thrombosis and hemostasis in vivo : correlation with platelet phosphatidylserine exposure
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/73556/1/j.1538-7836.2008.03010.x.pd
Bowel associated dermatosis â arthritis syndrome: a case report
We report a rare case of Bowel Associated Dermatosis â Arthritis Syndrome in a young patient with complex Crohn's disease who presented with fever, arthritis, rash and worsening of diarrhea with abdominal pain, who promptly responded to a short course of steroids
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