Finding Mobile Applications in Cellular Device-to-Device Communications: Hash Function and Bloom Filter-Based Approach

The rapid growth of mobile computing technology and wireless communication have significantly increased the mobile users worldwide. We propose a code-based discovery protocol for cellular device-to-device (D2D) communications. To realize proximity based services such as mobile social networks and mobile marketing using D2D communications, each device should first discover nearby devices, which have mobile applications of interest, by using a discovery protocol. The proposed discovery protocol makes use of a short discovery code that contains compressed information of mobile applications in a device. A discovery code is generated by using either a hash function or a Bloom filter. When a device receives a discovery code broadcast by another device, the device can approximately find out the mobile applications in the other device. The proposed protocol is capable of quickly discovering massive number of devices while consuming a relatively small amount of radio resources. We analyze the performance of the proposed protocol under the random direction mobility model and a real mobility trace. By simulations, we show that the analytical results well match the simulation results and that the proposed protocol greatly outperforms a simple non-filtering protoco

Ethnomedicinal Importance of Pteridophytes used by Chenchus of Nallamalais, Andhra Pradesh, India

The present study focuses specifically on the ethnomedicinal importance of 15 species of Pteridophytes, used by Chenchu tribes occurring in Nallamalais of Andhra Pradesh, India. The botanical name, family name, vernacular name, habit, habitat and their ethnomedicinal uses are provided

Plants Used in Ethnoveterinary Practices by Koyas of Pakhal Wildlife Sanctuary, Andhra Pradesh, India

The paper deals with the 21 medicinal plant species used in ethnoveterinary practices by Koya tribes inhabiting in the Pakhal Wildlife Sanctuary, Warangal district, Andhra Pradesh, India

INFLUENCE OF STABILIZATION EXERCISES ON ARTICULAR CARTILAGE CHANGES IN DEGENERATIVE TIBIO- FEMORAL JOINT DISEASE- A PILOT STUDY

Objectives: To determine the effectiveness of knee joint stabilization exercises in minimizing articular cartilage degeneration and to examine theeffectiveness of knee joint stabilization exercises on decreasing pain, improving range of motion (ROM) and muscle strength.Methods: About 20 volunteer subjects (age 35-65 years) with primary osteoarthritis fulfilled the inclusion criteria given the knee stabilizationexercises for 8 weeks. Pain, muscle strength, functional outcome score, and serum cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) values were measuredpre- and post-intervention using visual analog scale, dynamometer, and ELISA test. Data were analyzed using a paired t-test with Statistical Packagefor the Social Sciences version 20 to find out the difference between the pre- and post-test.Results: The results of the study have shown that significant difference between pre- and post-test values of pain, ROM, muscle strength and functionaloutcome score with p<0.05, and there is statistical in significance in serum COMP value (p<0.05).Conclusion: Stabilization exercises of knee joint were shown to be beneficial for decreasing pain, improving ROM and muscle strength, and there wasno effect on articular cartilage changes in degenerative tibiofemoral joint disease.Keywords: Serum cartilage oligomeric matrix protein, Knee stabilization exercises, Proprioception exercises, Muscle strength. Â

Synthesis, characterization, luminescence and photocatalytic studies of layered perovskites NaMMgWO6 (M = La, Pr, Sm)

The synthesis, characterization, optical and photocatalytic studies of AA'BB'X6 type perovskites, NaMMgWO6 (M = La, Pr, Sm), which have an ordering of both the cation sub-lattices, is reported.  The obtained NaMMgWO6 materials have been prepared using ethylene glycol assisted gel-burning method and characterized by X-ray diffraction patterns, UV-vis diffused reflectance spectra, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transformation infrared spectra, energy dispersive spectra and fluorescence spectra. The photocatalytic dye degradation performance of the as-synthesized perovskites has been evaluated with methylene blue and methyl violet as model water pollutants using radical quenchers

Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue and methyl violet using cation doped (Sn2+ and Ag+) barium tellurite phosphate, Ba2TeO(PO4)2

One-dimensional barium tellurite phosphate of composition, Ba2TeO(PO4)2, is prepared by solid state method. Tin (Sn2+) and silver (Ag+) doped Ba2TeO(PO4)2 materials are prepared via a facile room temperature ion-exchange method. Structural, morphological, and optical properties of all the materials are characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, FT-IR, SEM-EDS, and UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy techniques. The band gap energy (Eg) of all the phosphates is deduced from their Kubelka–Munk (KM) plot. The synthesized phosphates are used as photocatalyst for the degradation of methylene blue and methyl violet dyes under the visible light irradiation. The systematic degradation pathways of the dyes are studied in the presence of all the photocatalysts and scavengers. The stability and reusability of all the photocatalyst are assessed by the cycling runs in the photodegradation experiment.

Photocatalytic and DC conductivity studies of proton exchanged KAl0.33W1.67O6 and its application in Pb2+ removal

The proton exchanged metal oxide of composition HAl0.33Te1.67O6 (HAW) is synthesized by ion exchange method at room temperature and characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. Presence of water content in the HAW has been examined by thermogravimetric analysis. Conductivity and photocatalytic properties of HAW are compared with those of its parent KAl0.33W1.67O6 (KAW). HAl0.33W1.67O6 shows higher conductivity and photocatalytic activity for the degradation of methyl blue and Rhodamine B under visible light irradiation. Participation of hydroxyl radicals in the photocatalytic dye degradation has been investigated by photoluminescence studies using terephthalic acid as probe. The removal of Pb2+ from an aqueous solution of Pb(NO3)2 using pristine KAl0.33W1.67O6 is also reported

Rainfall and Elevation Influence the Local-Scale Distribution of Tree Community in the Southern Region of Western Ghats Biodiversity Hotspot (India)

The present study characterises the tree communities with respect to topographic and climatic variables and identifies the most important environmental correlate of species richness in the southern region of Western Ghats Biodiversity Hotspot, India. Digitally derived environmental variables in combination with tree species richness information were analysed using Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) to characterise the communities. Multiple regression technique based on stepwise backward elimination was used to identify the most important environment correlate of species richness. Canonical correspondence analysis results in six major tree communities along the first and second axes. Rainfall is the dominant environmental gradient influencing vegetation patterns on the first CCA axis while elevation showed the highest correlation with the second CCA axis. Backward elimination regression technique yielded rainfall as the most important environmental correlate of species richness. Results were in agreement with the observations in the Neotropics that rainier areas maintain high species diversity

Pigeonpea - A unique jewel in rainfed cropping systems

Pigeonpea is a crop for rainfed environments endowed with several features to thrive harsh climate. It adapts well in sole crop and inter cropped conditions (with cereals, millets, oils seeds and pulses) by enhancing the system productivity and net income to the small and marginal farmers across the globe. The range of maturity duration in the crop allows it to grow in diversified cropping systems and patterns in varied ecoregions of the world. Development of cytoplasmic male sterility based hybrids provided an opportunity for enhancing the yields under marginal environments. With recent interventions in addressing the photo sensitivity and maturity have led to evolving super early varieties with less than 100 days duration, provided a scope for horizontal expansion of the crop in different agro ecological systems

Canagliflozin and Renal Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes and Nephropathy

BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of kidney failure worldwide, but few effective long-term treatments are available. In cardiovascular trials of inhibitors of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2), exploratory results have suggested that such drugs may improve renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS In this double-blind, randomized trial, we assigned patients with type 2 diabetes and albuminuric chronic kidney disease to receive canagliflozin, an oral SGLT2 inhibitor, at a dose of 100 mg daily or placebo. All the patients had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 30 to 300 to 5000) and were treated with renin–angiotensin system blockade. The primary outcome was a composite of end-stage kidney disease (dialysis, transplantation, or a sustained estimated GFR of <15 ml per minute per 1.73 m 2), a doubling of the serum creatinine level, or death from renal or cardiovascular causes. Prespecified secondary outcomes were tested hierarchically. RESULTS The trial was stopped early after a planned interim analysis on the recommendation of the data and safety monitoring committee. At that time, 4401 patients had undergone randomization, with a median follow-up of 2.62 years. The relative risk of the primary outcome was 30% lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group, with event rates of 43.2 and 61.2 per 1000 patient-years, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.59 to 0.82; P=0.00001). The relative risk of the renal-specific composite of end-stage kidney disease, a doubling of the creatinine level, or death from renal causes was lower by 34% (hazard ratio, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.81; P<0.001), and the relative risk of end-stage kidney disease was lower by 32% (hazard ratio, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.54 to 0.86; P=0.002). The canagliflozin group also had a lower risk of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.67 to 0.95; P=0.01) and hospitalization for heart failure (hazard ratio, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.80; P<0.001). There were no significant differences in rates of amputation or fracture. CONCLUSIONS In patients with type 2 diabetes and kidney disease, the risk of kidney failure and cardiovascular events was lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group at a median follow-up of 2.62 years