Combined Biogas and Bioethanol Production: Opportunities and Challenges for Industrial Application

In the last decades the increasing energy requirements along with the need to face the consequences of climate change have driven the search for renewable energy sources, in order to replace as much as possible the use of fossil fuels. In this context biomass has generated great interest as it can be converted into energy via several routes, including fermentation and anaerobic digestion. The former is the most common option to produce ethanol, which has been recognized as one of the leading candidates to substitute a large fraction of the liquid fuels produced from oil. As the economic competitiveness of bioethanol fermentation processes has to be enhanced in order to promote its wider implementation, the most recent trends are directed towards the use of fermentation by-products within anaerobic digestion. The integration of both fermentation and anaerobic digestion, in a biorefinery concept, would allow the production of ethanol along with that of biogas, which can be used to produce heat and electricity, thus improving the overall energy balance. This work aims at reviewing the main studies on the combination of both bioethanol and biogas production processes, in order to highlight the strength and weakness of the integrated treatment for industrial application

PEI – Piano Educativo Individualizzato

Lessico pedagogic

Insegnare dentro. La figura dell'insegnante in carcere

Tra gli elementi del trattamento riconosciuti dall\u2019ordinamento penitenziario e considerati pedagogicamente significativi per sostenere il percorso di recupero, l\u2019istruzione \ue8 quello che pu\uf2 offrire al detenuto la spinta al cambiamento culturale che gli consentir\ue0 di reinserirsi in una societ\ue0 ostile nei confronti di chi ha sbagliato. Il saggio, partendo da alcune riflessioni sul principio rieducativo della pena e sull\u2019evoluzione dell\u2019elemento istruzione, sofferma l\u2019attenzione sulla figura dell\u2019insegnante che entra in un contesto chiuso

Gli Stati Generali dell’esecuzione penale: una lettura educativa

This contribution offers a few considerations on the idea of holding a States-General legislative and consultative assembly on penal law, promoted – for the first time in Italy – by the Italian Ministry of Justice to reflect on the educational function of punishment, as envisaged in art. 27 of the Constitution. Starting with some comments on the relationship between prison and society, it goes on to consider the working method used to organize the round tables, and concludes with some suggestions on how to promote a new cultural approach to punishment.Nel contributo si propone una riflessione sull’iniziativa degli Stati Generali dell’esecuzione penale, promossa – per la prima volta nella storia penitenziaria italiana – dal Ministro della Giustizia, per riflettere sulla funzione rieducativa della pena prevista all’art. 27 della Costituzione.Partendo da alcune considerazioni sul rapporto tra carcere e comunità sociale, si sofferma l’attenzione sul metodo di lavoro utilizzato per organizzare i Tavoli tematici e si conclude con alcune riflessioni finalizzate a promuovere una nuova cultura della pena

Insegnare dentro. La figura dell’insegnante in carcere

Among the various components of prison treatment acknowledged by the penitentiary regulations and considered pedagogically significant in sustaining a path of rehabilitation, educationis the one that can best give inmates an opportunity for cultural change that will help their return to a society hostile to those who make mistakes. This article starts with a few commentson the principle of rehabilitation in prison sentences, and how the educational element has evolved, focusing particularly on the role of the teacher working in such a closed environment.Tra gli elementi del trattamento riconosciuti dall’ordinamento penitenziario e considerati pedagogicamente significativi per sostenere il percorso di recupero, l’istruzione è quello che può offrire al detenuto la spinta al cambiamento culturale che gli consentirà di reinserirsi in una società ostile nei confronti di chi ha sbagliato. Il saggio, partendo da alcune riflessioni sul principio rieducativo della pena e sull’evoluzione dell’elemento istruzione, sofferma l’attenzione sulla figura dell’insegnante che entra in un contesto chiuso

Testimonianze di lavoratori universitari disabili

This paper presents the results of a survey, conducted with the instrument of the focused narrative interview, to explore how disabled employees at the University of Padova consider their professional integration. Their stories reveal a huge gap between their expectations and their real working conditions, with an unavoidable negative fallout on the perception of their relations with colleagues and their working environment.Il contributo presenta i risultati di una ricognizione, condotta con lo strumentodell’intervista narrativa focalizzata, con la quale si sono volute sondare le opinioni dialcuni lavoratori disabili dell’Università di Padova riguardo alla loro integrazioneprofessionale. Le testimonianze evidenziano un enorme divario tra le aspettative e la realtà lavorativa effettiva, con inevitabili ricadute negative sul modo di considerare le relazioni con i colleghi e il contesto

I sistemi detentivi tra educazione e rieducazione

L\u2019introduzione al dossier nasce con l\u2019intento di riflettere sul trattamento rieducativo nei contesti penitenziari. Partendo dall\u2019articolo 27 della Costituzione italiana sofferma l\u2019attenzione sulla difficolt\ue0 di declinare tale previsione normativa e sulla complessit\ue0 del lavoro educativo in carcere

Exploiting the Nutrient Potential of Anaerobically Digested Sewage Sludge: A Review

The world is currently witnessing a rapid increase in sewage sludge (SS) production, due to the increased demand for wastewater treatment. Therefore, SS management is crucial for the economic and environmental sustainability of wastewater treatment plants. The recovery of nutrients from SS has been identified as a fundamental step to enable the transition from a linear to a circular economy, turning SS into an economic and sustainable source of materials. SS is often treated via anaerobic digestion, to pursue energy recovery via biogas generation. Anaerobically digested sewage sludge (ADS) is a valuable source of organic matter and nutrients, and significant advances have been made in recent years in methods and technologies for nutrient recovery from ADS. The purpose of this study is to provide a comprehensive overview, describing the advantages and drawbacks of the available and emerging technologies for recovery of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) from ADS. This work critically reviews the established and novel technologies, which are classified by their ability to recover a specific nutrient (ammonia stripping) or to allow the simultaneous recovery of multiple elements (struvite precipitation, ion exchange, membrane technologies, and thermal treatments). This study compares the described technologies in terms of nutrient recovery efficiency, capital, and operational costs, as well as their feasibility for full-scale application, revealing the current state of the art and future perspectives on this topic

Monitoring planning for urban drainage networks

Urban drainage network (UDN) monitoring is an important task whose planning can be related to various purposes, as for example contaminant detection and epidemiological studies. This paper proposes two different strategies for the identification of a monitoring system for UDNs. The optimal solution, in terms of location and number of sensors, is firstly addressed using a deterministic approach. A new mathematical model is developed and a global optimization solver is employed to perform the optimization procedure. Secondly, the position of devices is also investigated using a new strategy based on the complex network theory (CNT) tools. The comparison between the results achieved by both the strategies is finally presented with reference to a benchmark network

A INCORPORAÇÃO DO CONHECIMENTO E A INOVAÇÃO EM INDÚSTRIAS DE TRANSFORMAÇÃO DA REGIÃO DE FREDERICO WESTPHALEN

O presente artigo tem por objetivo divulgar o estudo científico realizado no âmbito empresarial, no que se refere à incorporação do conhecimento e a inovação em indústrias de transformação na região de Frederico Westphalen. As transformações ocasionadas pela mudança de um ambiente estático para um ambiente dinâmico estão fazendo com que as organizações busquem, através da inovação, novas formas de gestão e inserção no mercado. A incorporação do conhecimento e a inovação se inserem no contexto da acelerada disseminação das tecnologias modernas, incrementado melhorias, sejam em produto, processo ou prática administrativa, uma vez que a inovação ocorre através de um processo interativo, realizado com a contribuição de vários agentes econômicos e sociais que possuem conhecimentos e informações. O Brasil apresenta um processo crescente de atuação no comércio mundial, em que a qualidade e a confiabilidade são requisitos primordiais, assim, o que se estabelece é a busca constante pelo equilíbrio entre a inovação contínua e a relação de confiança com os clientes.-This article has the purpose to propogate the scientific study made companies ambit in what refers to the knowledge incorporation and to the innovation in transformation industries of the region of Frederico Westphalen. The changes have made transformations from a static environment to a dynamic environment, and they’re dealing with organizations that have to look for, through the innovation, new ways of management and insertion in the market. The knowledge incorporation and the innovation insert themselves in the context of accelerated dissemination of modern technologies, increasing improvements in products, management process and practice, because the innovation occurs through an interactive process, made by the contribution of many economic and social agents which have knowledge and informations. Brazil presents a growing process of action in the world trade, where quality and confiability are fundamental requirements, therefore what one establish es is the constant search for the balance between the continous innovation and the trust relationship with the customers.