cutaneous mycobacterium chelonae infection in a presumably immunocompetent host

8. Parslew R, Lewis-Jones MS. Localized unilateral hyper13. Mayou SC, Black MM, Russell Jones R. Sudoriferous hamartoma. Clin Exp Dermatol 1988; 13: 107–108. hidrosis secondary to an eccrine naevus. Clin Exp 14. Pippione M, Depaoli MA, Sartoris S. Naevus eccrine. Dermatol 1997; 22: 246–247. Dermatologica 1976; 152: 40–46. 9. Martius I. Lokalisierte ekkrine schweibdrusennavus mit 15. Hong CE, Lee SH. Multiple eccrine nevus with depressed hyperfunktion. Dermatol Wochenschr 1954; 130: 1016. patches. Yosei Med J 1997; 38: 60–62. 10. Chan P, Kao GF, Pierson DL, Rodman OG. Episodic 16. Kopera D, Soyer HP, Kerl H. Human eccrine hamartoma hyperhidrosis on the dorsum of hands. J Am Acad of forearm-antebrachial organ of the ringtailed Lemur Dermatol 1985; 12: 937–942. ( lemur catta). A posssible phylogenetic relationship? Am 11. Bingel G, Ertle T. Naevus sudoriferus. Z Hautch 1985; J Dermatopathol 1994; 16: 275–279. 60: 372. 17. Nightingale KJ, Newman P, Davies MG. A function12. Van de Kerkhof PJCM, Den Arend JAJC, Bousema MT, ing hamartoma associated with Down's syndrome Strolz E. Localized unilateral hyperhidrosis. Br J Dermatol (46,xx,–21,+ t(21q21q). Clin Exp Dermatol 1998; 23: 264–266. 1987; 177: 779–782

Probing the energy bands of a Bose-Einstein condensate in an optical lattice

We simulate three experimental methods which could be realized in the laboratory to probe the band excitation energies and the momentum distribution of a Bose-Einstein condensate inside an optical lattice. The values of the excitation energies obtained in these different methods agree within the accuracy of the simulation. The meaning of the results in terms of density and phase deformations is tested by studying the relaxation of a phase-modulated condensate towards the ground state.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figure

Superfluid and Dissipative Dynamics of a Bose-Einstein Condensate in a Periodic Optical Potential

We create Bose-Einstein condensates of 87-rubidium in a static magnetic trap with a superimposed blue-detuned 1D optical lattice. By displacing the magnetic trap center we are able to control the condensate evolution. We observe a change in the frequency of the center-of-mass oscillation in the harmonic trapping potential, in analogy with an increase in effective mass. For fluid velocities greater than a local speed of sound, we observe the onset of dissipative processes up to full removal of the superfluid component. A parallel simulation study visualizes the dynamics of the BEC and accounts for the main features of the observed behavior.Comment: 4 pages, including figure

Numerical study of the spherically-symmetric Gross-Pitaevskii equation in two space dimensions

We present a numerical study of the time-dependent and time-independent Gross-Pitaevskii (GP) equation in two space dimensions, which describes the Bose-Einstein condensate of trapped bosons at ultralow temperature with both attractive and repulsive interatomic interactions. Both time-dependent and time-independent GP equations are used to study the stationary problems. In addition the time-dependent approach is used to study some evolution problems of the condensate. Specifically, we study the evolution problem where the trap energy is suddenly changed in a stable preformed condensate. In this case the system oscillates with increasing amplitude and does not remain limited between two stable configurations. Good convergence is obtained in all cases studied.Comment: 9 latex pages, 7 postscript figures, To appear in Phys. Rev.

Numerical study of the coupled time-dependent Gross-Pitaevskii equation: Application to Bose-Einstein condensation

We present a numerical study of the coupled time-dependent Gross-Pitaevskii equation, which describes the Bose-Einstein condensate of several types of trapped bosons at ultralow temperature with both attractive and repulsive interatomic interactions. The same approach is used to study both stationary and time-evolution problems. We consider up to four types of atoms in the study of stationary problems. We consider the time-evolution problems where the frequencies of the traps or the atomic scattering lengths are suddenly changed in a stable preformed condensate. We also study the effect of periodically varying these frequencies or scattering lengths on a preformed condensate. These changes introduce oscillations in the condensate which are studied in detail. Good convergence is obtained in all cases studied.Comment: 9 pages, 10 figures, accepted in Physical Review

Human Mars Entry, Descent and Landing Architecture Study: Rigid Decelerators

Several technology investments are required to develop Mars human scale Entry, Descent, and Landing (EDL) systems. Studies play the critical role of identifying the most feasible technical paths and high payoff investments. The goal of NASA's Entry, Descent and Landing Architecture Study is to inform those technology investments. In Phase 1 of the study, a point design for one lifting-body-like rigid decelerator vehicle, was developed. In Phase 2, a capsule concept was also considered to determine how it accommodated the human mission requirements. This paper summarizes the concept of operations for both rigid vehicles to deliver a 20-metric ton (t) payload to the surface of Mars. Details of the vehicle designs and flight performance are presented along with a packaging, mass sizing, and a launch vehicle fairing assessment. Finally, recommended technology investments based on the analysis of the rigid vehicles are provided

Advanced Aero-Propulsive Mid-Lift-to-Drag Ratio Entry Vehicle for Future Exploration Missions

NASA is currently looking well into the future toward realizing Exploration mission possibilities to destinations including the Earth-Moon Lagrange points, Near-Earth Asteroids (NEAs) and the Moon. These are stepping stones to our ultimate destination Mars. New ideas will be required to conquer the significant challenges that await us, some just conceptions and others beginning to be realized. Bringing these ideas to fruition and enabling further expansion into space will require varying degrees of change, from engineering and integration approaches used in spacecraft design and operations, to high-level architectural capabilities bounded only by the limits of our ideas. The most profound change will be realized by paradigm change, thus enabling our ultimate goals to be achieved. Inherent to achieving these goals, higher entry, descent, and landing (EDL) performance has been identified as a high priority. Increased EDL performance will be enabled by highly-capable thermal protection systems (TPS), the ability to deliver larger and heavier payloads, increased surface access, and tighter landing footprints to accommodate multiple asset, single-site staging. In addition, realizing reduced cost access to space will demand more efficient approaches and reusable launch vehicle systems. Current operational spacecraft and launch vehicles do not incorporate the technologies required for these far-reaching missions and goals, nor what is needed to achieve the desired launch vehicle cost savings. To facilitate these missions and provide for safe and more reliable capabilities, NASA and its partners will need to make ideas reality by gaining knowledge through the design, development, manufacturing, implementation and flight testing of robotic and human spacecraft. To accomplish these goals, an approach is recommended for integrated development and implementation of three paradigm-shifting capabilities into an advanced entry vehicle system with additional application to launch vehicle stage return, thus making ideas reality. These paradigm shifts include the technology maturation of advanced flexible thermal protection materials onto mid lift-to-drag ratio entry vehicles, the development of integrated supersonic aero-propulsive maneuvering, and the implementation of advanced asymmetric launch shrouds. These paradigms have significant overlap with launch vehicle stage return already being developed by the Air Force and several commercial space efforts. Completing the realization of these combined paradigms holds the key to a high-performing entry vehicle system capability that fully leverages multiple technology benefits to accomplish NASA's Exploration missions to atmospheric planetary destinations

Commentary: mechanistic considerations for associations between formaldehyde exposure and nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Occupational exposure to formaldehyde has been linked to nasopharyngeal carcinoma. To date, mechanistic explanations for this association have primarily focused on formaldehyde-induced cytotoxicity, regenerative hyperplasia and DNA damage. However, recent studies broaden the potential mechanisms as it is now well established that formaldehyde dehydrogenase, identical to S-nitrosoglutathione reductase, is an important mediator of cGMP-independent nitric oxide signaling pathways. We have previously described mechanisms by which formaldehyde can influence nitrosothiol homeostasis thereby leading to changes in pulmonary physiology. Considering evidences that nitrosothiols govern the Epstein-Barr virus infection cycle, and that the virus is strongly implicated in the etiology of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, studies are needed to examine the potential for formaldehyde to reactivate the Epstein-Barr virus as well as additively or synergistically interact with the virus to potentiate epithelial cell transformation