Valency patterns in Italian

The present chapter reviews the valency patterns of Italian, with reference to argument coding and valency changing strategies

Semantic and (morpho)syntactic constraints on anticausativization: evidence from Latin and Old Norse-Icelandic

The diachrony of valency patterns is generally an understudied phenomenon. The present article investigates anticausativization from a diachronic perspective, highlighting the parameters determining the morphosyntactic encoding of this type of intransitivization in two early Western Indo-European languages, Latin and Old Norse-Icelandic. It is shown that the structural and lexical aspects of a verb’s meaning and their interplay with the inherent and relational characteristics of verbal arguments affect the synchronic distribution and the diachronic development of the anticausativation strategies in the languages investigated. These features interact, in the course of time, with changes in the encoding of voice and grammatical relations, such as the demise of the synthetic mediopassive and the recasting of the case system

Saoul comme une bourrique ou comme un polonais? Boire: une réflexion phraséologique et traductologique

The present communication is focused on the phrasemes referring to the act of Phrasis Diciembre 2019 39 “drinking”. They will be analysed according to three perspectives: the lexicographic, linguistic and translational ones. The starting point of our analysis will be the lexicographic research carried out through the electronic edition of the Petit Robert in order to explore its « phraseological nomenclature » and finally constitute a corpus on an onomasiological basis. In the second phase of our study, lexicographic results will be compared with a sample of available and up-to-date corpora data in order to highlight some preliminary observations on the historical evolutions and discourse patterns characterising our selected phrasemes. The third and final step of our research will aim at recognizing the French-Italian phrasemes which can be defined as translational equivalents (Baker, 2011; Salmon, 2003; Delisle 2000). Their frequency inside corpora as well as their phraseological co-texts will be related to discourse patterns specific to our equivalents.Les phrasèmes exprimant le sens ‘boire’ seront pris en compte de plusieurs points de vue: la lexicographie, l’analyse d’un échantillon des corpus disponibles en ligne et la traductologie. Premièrement, une recherche plein texte dans la dernière édition électronique du Petit Robert permettra d’explorer la “nomenclature phraséologique” du dictionnaire, afin de constituer un corpus d’expressions sur une base onomasiologique. Ensuite, nous vérifierons les résultats issus de l’analyse lexicographique par le biais d’une analyse exploratoire d’un échantillon de corpus en ligne, afin de proposer quelques premières remarques sur les traces des évolutions historiques et des dynamiques discursives qui intéressent les phrasèmes déjà répertoriés dans le dictionnaire. Enfin, nous identifierons les phrasèmes franco-italiens pouvant se définir comme équivalents traductionnels (Baker, 2011; Salmon et al., 2008; Delisle, 1993). Une comparaison de leur récurrence dans les corpus ainsi que l’observation de leurs co-textes nous permettront notamment de cibler les spécificités discursives de nos paires de phrasèmes.Les phrasèmes exprimant le sens ‘boire’ seront pris en compte de plusieurs points de vue: la lexicographie, l’analyse d’un échantillon des corpus disponibles en ligne et la traductologie. Premièrement, une recherche plein texte dans la dernière édition électronique du Petit Robert permettra d’explorer la “nomenclature phraséologique” du dictionnaire, afin de constituer un corpus d’expressions sur une base onomasiologique. Ensuite, nous vérifierons les résultats issus de l’analyse lexicographique par le biais d’une analyse exploratoire d’un échantillon de corpus en ligne, afin de proposer quelques premières remarques sur les traces des évolutions historiques et des dynamiques discursives qui intéressent les phrasèmes déjà répertoriés dans le dictionnaire. Enfin, nous identifierons les phrasèmes franco-italiens pouvant se définir comme équivalents traductionnels (Baker, 2011; Salmon et al., 2008; Delisle, 1993). Une comparaison de leur récurrence dans les corpus ainsi que l’observation de leurs co-textes nous permettront notamment de cibler les spécificités discursives de nos paires de phrasèmes

Reshaping ophthalmology training after COVID-19 pandemic

Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a significant impact on practical activities and didactic teaching of residents and fellows. This survey aimed to propose long-term changes for ophthalmology training based on the changes experienced by trainees and their perception of new training opportunities. Methods An online survey was distributed to ophthalmology trainees in multiple countries. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data. Results A total of 504 analyzable responses were collected from 32 different countries. The current impact of COVID-19 pandemic was described as "severe" by most trainees (55.2%); however, the future perspective was more optimistic as demonstrated by the greater number of responses reporting a presumed "moderate" (37.3%), "mild" (14.1%) or "slight" (4.2%) long-term impact. The vast majority of trainees reported a decrease >= 50% of clinical activity (76.4%) and >75% of surgical activity (74.6%). Although an initial gap in didactic teaching has been experienced by many (55.4%), regular web-based teaching was reportedly attended by 67.7% of the respondents. A strong agreement was found regarding the worthwhile role of web-based case-presentations in clinical training (91.7%), web-based discussion of edited surgical videos (85.7%) and simulation-based practice (86.9%) in surgical training. Conclusions This survey, focusing on trainees' perspective, strongly reinforces the need to promptly include new technology-based training tools, such as web-based teaching, virtual surgical simulators, and telementoring, in long-term reorganisation of ophthalmology training to ensure its continuity and effectiveness, which would remain available even in the face of another unpredictable crisis within the health system

Reshaping ophthalmology training after COVID-19 pandemic

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a significant impact on practical activities and didactic teaching of residents and fellows. This survey aimed to propose long-term changes for ophthalmology training based on the changes experienced by trainees and their perception of new training opportunities. Methods: An online survey was distributed to ophthalmology trainees in multiple countries. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data. Results: A total of 504 analyzable responses were collected from 32 different countries. The current impact of COVID-19 pandemic was described as “severe” by most trainees (55.2%); however, the future perspective was more optimistic as demonstrated by the greater number of responses reporting a presumed “moderate” (37.3%), “mild” (14.1%) or “slight” (4.2%) long-term impact. The vast majority of trainees reported a decrease ≥50% of clinical activity (76.4%) and >75% of surgical activity (74.6%). Although an initial gap in didactic teaching has been experienced by many (55.4%), regular web-based teaching was reportedly attended by 67.7% of the respondents. A strong agreement was found regarding the worthwhile role of web-based case-presentations in clinical training (91.7%), web-based discussion of edited surgical videos (85.7%) and simulation-based practice (86.9%) in surgical training. Conclusions: This survey, focusing on trainees’ perspective, strongly reinforces the need to promptly include new technology-based training tools, such as web-based teaching, virtual surgical simulators, and telementoring, in long-term reorganisation of ophthalmology training to ensure its continuity and effectiveness, which would remain available even in the face of another unpredictable crisis within the health systempublishersversionPeer reviewe

The actualization of new voice patterns in Romance. Persistence in diversity

This article discusses some aspects of the reorganization of voice distinctions in the transition from Latin to Romance, namely the grammaticalization of activity (DO / MAKE) and change of state (BECOME) verbs as markers of the passive voice, and the reanalysis of the reflexive morpheme SE as a voice modulator, focussing on patterns of invariance (i.e., persistence), of Latin inheritance and principled differences (i.e., divergence) in the type and extent of variation and further developments in this area of Romance morphosyntax

The rise and development of analytic perfects in Italo-Romance

This chapter discusses the rise of Latin esse ‘be’ and habere ‘have’ as active auxiliaries and the development of their reflexes as markers of split intransitivity in Italo-Romance, with reference to the spread of the auxiliary HAVE at the expense of BE in old Neapolitan, and the penetration of BE into the HAVE domains in some contemporary Campanian varieties. It is claimed that the emergence of Latin esse and habere as perfective auxiliaries is one of the outcomes of changes affecting the encoding of the argument structure of the clause in late Latin, and that the replacement of BE with HAVE in old Neapolitan, as well as the modern reintroduction of BE within the HAVE domains, are both sensitive to a gradient model of split intransitivity, though in a reverse way. It is also shown that the three changes under investigation appear to reflect language internal principles and follow an orderly progression as regards the cancellation and (re)introduction of an active coding system (through auxiliary choice)

Perifrasi passive in testi non toscani delle origini

Desrizione della distribuzione, incidenza e restrizioni tempo-aspettuali slla occorrenza dei costrutti passivi *fire, fare, venire+participio passato in testi non toscani dell'XI-XV secolo

Semantic and (morpho)syntactic constraints on anticausativization: Evidence from Latin and Old Norse-Icelandic Michela Cennamo1 / Thórhallur Eythórsson2 / Jóhanna Barðdal3

The present article investigates anticausativization from a diachronic perspective, highlighting the parameters determining the morphosyntactic encoding of intransitivization in two early Western Indo-European languages, Latin and Old Norse-Icelandic. It is shown that the structural and lexical aspects of a verb’s meaning and their interplay with the inherent and relational characteristics of verbal arguments affect the synchronic distribution and the diachronic development of the anticausativation strategies in the languages investigated. These features interact, in the course of time, with changes in the encoding of voice and grammatical relations, such as the demise of the synthetic mediopassive and the recasting of the case system