METHOD DECISION FOR DETERMINING SPECIFIC MICROORGANISMS IN PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS: AN OVERVIEW

In the direction of microbiological quality control analysis in pharmaceutical products, determining the microbiological load of the product at the end-use stage is very important for human health. Quality control parameters in pharmaceutical products vary according to the structure of the type of product and administration route. In this context, according to the pharmacopoeias, parenteral products and eye drops are classified as sterile products and the other group of pharmaceuticals are classified as non-sterile products. However, non-sterile pharmaceuticals also must have a certain microbiological quality. For this reason, the pharmaceuticals should have a certain microbiological load and should not contain defined microorganisms specified to its type. Since the control of the microbiological quality of the products is important for safety, it should be determined by quality control analysis. In this study, standard methods used to detect specific microorganism in pharmaceutical products were compared. Application steps in standard methods and identification tests of specific microorganisms were examined. In addition, studies that are alternative to standard methods were evaluated.                                             Peer Review History: Received: 5 September 2020; Revised: 20 October; Accepted: 28 October, Available online: 15 November 2020 Academic Editor: Dr. Muhammad Zahid Iqbal, AIMST University, Malaysia, [email protected] UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency. Received file:                Reviewer's Comments: Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.0/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 8.0/10 Reviewer(s) detail: Dr. Mujde Eryilmaz, Ankara University,Turkey, [email protected] Dr. Rawaa Souhil Al-Kayali, Aleppo University, Syria, [email protected] Similar Articles: CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF THE ESSENTIAL OILS OF FOUR VARIETIES OF LIPPIA MULTIFLORA IN BENIN ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES FOR HADHRAMI HONEY ON GROWTH OF SOME PATHOGENIC BACTERI

Ipsilateral olecranon and distal radius fracture: A case report

WOS: 000397094300056PubMed ID: 25544490INTRODUCTION: Concomitant ipsilateral olecranon and distal radius fracture are rare injuries. Their clinical presentation is unusual and investigation and management is poorly described. PRESENTATION OF CASE: We present a 55-year-old woman patient who fell off sustaining a concomitant distal radius and olecranon fracture in the same extremity. On examination, there was gross swelling of the proximal and distal forearm and no neurovascular deficit. Radiographs confirmed distal radius and olecranon fracture. Patient was treated with open reduction and anatomic locking plate for olecranon and a closed reduction percuteneous K wire fixation with penning fixator for distal radius fracture. After physical therapy program, functional results were good and DASH score was 60. DISCUSSION: Several different combinations of fracture with dislocation have been described, but, to our knowledge, concurrent ipsilateral olecranon and distal radius fracture has not been reported before. In the literature review there are two similar cases in the English literature. CONCLUSION: Ipsilateral olecranon and distal radius fracture is a very rare injury due to different trauma mechanisms. However we should keep in mind that there may be adjacent joints and structures for concomitant injuries

An unexpected cause of small bowel obstruction in an adult patient: Midgut volvulus

The most important complication of intestinal malrotation is midgut volvulus because it may lead to intestinal ischaemia and necrosis. A 29-year-old male patient was admitted to the emergency department with abdominal pain. Ultrasonography (US), colour Doppler ultrasonography (CDUS), CT and barium studies were carried out. On US and CDUS, twisting of intestinal segments around the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and superior mesenteric vein (SMV) and alteration of the SMA-SMV relationship were detected. CT demonstrated that the small intestine was making a rotation around the SMA and SMV, which amounted to more than 360°. The upper gastrointestinal barium series revealed a corkscrew appearance of the duodenum and proximal jejunum, which is a pathognomonic finding of midgut volvulus. Prior knowledge of characteristic imaging findings of midgut volvulus is essential in order to reach proper diagnosis and establish proper treatment before the development of intestinal ischaemia and necrosis. Copyright 2014 BMJ Publishing Group. All rights reserved

Genome mapping in F1 population of crossbred Italia and Mercan grape varieties: Establishment of AFLP and SSR linkage groups towards significant morphological characters and fungal diseases

This research aims at the establishment of a genome map for F1 population developed by crossbreeding of Italia and Mercan grape varieties. A co-dominant marker SSR (Simple Sequence Repeats) and a dominant marker AFLP (Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism) were used in the study. Double-pseudotestcross mapping technique was used for genome mapping. The study analyzed 60 plants selected from the F1 population as well as the parental grape varieties, which differed in regards to resistance to diseases and some morphological characteristics. Amplification products were evaluated as “available” and “not available” at the end of silver staining for SSR and radioactive marking for AFLP. Polymorphic loci were determined according to their segregation ratios ranging between 1: 1 and 3: 1 at the end of X2 tests. 3.0 LOD value was used in Mapmaker/Exp 3.0 package program for mapping. Two separate genetic linkage maps (maternal and paternal) were observed which included 6 and 1 linkage groups, respectively. Linkage of the loci located on the linkage groups to the observed diseases and morphological characters were analyzed with regression and variance analyses. A total of 818 primer pairs were tested on the two parents (Italia and Mercan), 60 F1 (Italia × Mercan population) and two reference grape cultivar (Cabarnet Sauvignon and Merlot), successfully amplifying 112 markers. When the resistance traits to fungal diseases were analyzed during the study, no markers related with resistance to Botrytis cinerea and downy mildew could be found. However, it was found that the markers (VrZAG29a, VrZAG29c) related with the control of resistance to powdery mildew were on a locus which was in linkage group.Keywords: Vitis vinifera L., grape, SSR, AFLP, mappingAfrican Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 9(36), pp. 5879-5886, 6 September, 201

Kolesistektomi sonrası uzamış CA 19-9 yüksekliği: olgu sunumu

Karbonhidrat antijeni 19-9 (CA19-9) gliko spingo lipid yapıda olup serum tümör belirteci olarak bilinir. CA19-9 pankreatik, bilier, hepatosellüler ve gastrointestinal sistem kanserlerinde kullanılan bir tümör belirleyici olmasına ragmen pankreatit ve kolanjit, kolesistit, koledokolitiazis gibi benign safra kanalı hastalıklarında da yüksek olabilmektedir. Biz bu olgu sunumunda kolesistektomi sonrası uzun süren yükselmis CA 19-9 seviyesi olan vakayı sunuyoruz. Bu vaka 41 yasında olup kronik kolesistit nedeniyle laparoskopik kolesistektomi operasyonu yapılan ve yükselmis CA 19-9 düzeyi saptanan bir hastaydı. Operasyon sonrası CA 19-9 seviyesi 2169 U/mL seviyesine kadar yükselmis olup, operasyon sonrası 5. ayda normale döndü. Kolesistektomi sonrası uzun sürenCA19-9 seviyesi yüksekligi akılda tutulmalıdır.Carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9), is a glycosphingolipid known as one of the serum tumor markers. Although CA 19-9 is a tumor marker which used in pancreatic, biliary, hepatocellular and gastrointestinal malignancies, high levels of CA19-9 have also been reported in pancreatitis and benign biliary tract diseases as cholangitis, cholecystitis, choledocholithiasis. In this case report, we present a case with prolonged high levels of CA19-9 after cholecystectomy. Case was a 41 years-old patient who had laparascopic cholecystectomy operation due to chronic cholecystitis and high levels of CA 19-9. The levels of CA 19-9 increased up to 2169 U/mL and returned to normal levels five months after the operation. It should be considered that prolonged high levels ofCA 19-9 might occur after cholecystectomy

Genome-wide investigation and expression analysis of AP2-ERF gene family in salt tolerant common bean

Apetala2-ethylene-responsive element binding factor (AP2-ERF) superfamily with common AP2-DNA binding domain have developmentally and physiologically important roles in plants. Since common bean genome project has been completed recently, it is possible to identify all of the AP2-ERF genes in the common bean genome. In this study, a comprehensive genome-wide in silico analysis identified 180 AP2-ERF superfamily genes in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). Based on the amino acid alignment and phylogenetic analyses, superfamily members were classified into four subfamilies: DREB (54), ERF (95), AP2 (27) and RAV (3), as well as one soloist. The physical and chemical characteristics of amino acids, interaction between AP2-ERF proteins, cis elements of promoter region of AP2-ERF genes and phylogenetic trees were predicted and analyzed. Additionally, expression levels of AP2-ERF genes were evaluated by in silico and qRT-PCR analyses. In silico micro-RNA target transcript analyses identified nearly all PvAP2-ERF genes as targets of by 44 different plant species’ miRNAs were identified in this study. The most abundant target genes were PvAP2/ERF-20-25-62-78-113-173. miR156, miR172 and miR838 were the most important miRNAs found in targeting and BLAST analyses. Interactome analysis revealed that the transcription factor PvAP2-ERF78, an ortholog of Arabidopsis At2G28550, was potentially interacted with at least 15 proteins, indicating that it was very important in transcriptional regulation. Here we present the first study to identify and characterize the AP2-ERF transcription factors in common bean using whole-genome analysis, and the findings may serve as a references for future functional research on the transcription factors in common bean

Clinical Study Effects of Zoledronate on Mortality and Morbidity after Surgical Treatment of Hip Fractures

We aimed to evaluate the effects of intertrochanteric femoral fractures on mortality, morbidity, and cost of zoledronate treatment in elderly patients treated by osteosynthesis. Based on Evans classification, 114 patients with unstable intertrochanteric femoral fractures were treated with osteosynthesis. After the surgical treatment of intertrochanteric fractures, the treatment group (M/F, 24/32; mean age, 76.7 ± SD years) received zoledronate infusion, and the control group (M/F, 20/38; mean age, 80.2 ± SD years) received placebo. Postoperative control visits were performed at 6-week, 3-month, 6-month, and 12-month time points. Functional level of patients was evaluated by the modified Harris hip score and Merle d' Aubigné hip score. By 12 months, the mean HHS in treatment and control groups was 81.93 and 72.9, respectively. For time of death of the patients, mortality was found to be 57.1% (16/28) on the first 3 months and 92.9% (26/28) on the first six months. The mortality rate in the treatment and control groups was 14.3% (8/56) and 34.5% (20/58), respectively. The use of zoledronic acid after surgical treatment of intertrochanteric femoral fractures in osteoporotic elderly patients is a safe treatment modality which helps to reduce mortality, improves functional outcomes, and has less side effects with single dose use per year

Exploration of seasonal metal pollution in Karacaören II Dam Lake sediment samples using X-ray Fluorescence method

In this study, the seasonal metal pollution of sediment samples taken from twelve distinct notes of the Karacaören II Dam Lake was examined. The quantity of metal in soil samples was determined using energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. The geoaccumulation index and enrichment factor expressions were created using the metal concentrations found in the sediments. Seasonal values at the local, state, and international levels were compared to the findings. The ratios of the elements copper, zinc, lead, arsenic, nickel, chromium, and mercury, measured in parts per million (ppm), were found to be 42-96, 53-78, 11-14, 4- 7, 233-244, and 611-711, respectively. There is also discussion of the sediments' elemental composition and degree of pollution. In contrast, it was found that the Urbach energy increased from 0.246 eV to 0.630 eV with increasing levels of V2O5. These synthetic glasses' densities and molar volumes were also investigated and discussed

Correlation of Hepatitis C Antibody Levels in Gingival Crevicular Fluid and Saliva of Hepatitis C Seropositive Hemodialysis Patients

Search for hepatitis C virus (HCV) in body fluids other than blood is important when assessing possible nonparenteral routes of viral transmission. However, the role of oral fluids in HCV transmission remains controversial. Our aim was to compare the prevalence of HCV antibody (HCV Ab) levels in saliva, and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of HCV seropositive hemodialysis patients. Serum, saliva and GCF samples were collected from thirty-nine patients. Samples were analyzed for HCV Ab using the Ortho HCV 3.0 SAVe enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). HCH Ab levels in saliva and GCF of all HCV-seropositive patients were statistically compared. Reported here are the results of the study designed to determine the correlation between HCV-RNA positivity in serum and the detection of antibodies in GCF and saliva. One hundred percent (100%) of the 39 patients have antibodies to HCV in their serum, 15.4% have antibodies to HCV in GCF, and saliva found out. HCV Ab seropositivity in GCF and saliva was significantly correlated (kappa = 0.462; P < .001). This study supports the concept that GCF may be a significant source of HCV in saliva

Evaluation of The Factors Affecting the Benefiting Level from The Young Farmers Project Support in TR 71 Region of Turkey

In Turkey, various agricultural support policies were applied some time to increase the production, sometimes to reduce the over-production and to compensate the production. However, these policies have not been fully attained since they have been implemented without first solving the major structural problems of agriculture. Parallel to developments in the world's countries, entrepreneurship needs to be embraced by the young population and young entrepreneurs must be supported. Turkey attaches great importance to the supports in recent years regarding the determination of entrepreneurial individuals, and the promotion of entrepreneurship. For this purpose, in order to support young people in the agriculture sector, "Young Farmer Projects Support (YFPS)" was added to the "National Agricultural Project" in 2016. This support policy aims to encourage young farmers to stay in agriculture by supporting young farmers and to prevent migration from the village to the city. In this context, a survey has been carried out in the TR 71 Region of Turkey (Aksaray, Kırıkkale, Kırşehir, Nevsehir and Nigde provinces), and a total of 248 young farmers (139 supported, and 109 non-supported) were interviewed. The logit model was used in the analysis of the data. According to Logit model results, the factors such as gender, marital status, farming situation of young farmer, farming situation of young farmer’s family, residence population, social security status, agricultural education certificate status and ownership of property which are influencing on individuals benefiting from young farmer support were found statistically significant