Three new triterpenes from the resinous bark of Protium kleinii and their antinociceptive activity

Three novel pentacyclic triterpenes have been isolated from the resin of Protium kleinii and their structures elucidated by NMR spectroscopy as 3-oxo-11beta,16beta-dihydroxy-urs-12-ene (1), 3-oxo-11beta-hydroxy-urs-12-ene (2) and 3-oxo-11beta-hydroxy-olean-12-ene (3). The systemic administration of the above compounds (10-100 mg kg-1, i.p.) was able to inhibited both first and second phase of the formalin-induced nociception in mice. The known triterpenes 3beta,16beta-dihydroxy-olean-12-ene (brein) (4) and a mixture of alpha (5)- and beta-amyrin (6) were also found. Três triterpenos pentacíclicos inéditos foram isolados da resina de Protium kleinii. Suas estruturas, 3-oxo-11beta,16beta-diidróxi-urs-12-eno (1), 3-oxo-11beta-hidróxi-urs-12-eno (2) e 3-oxo-11beta-hidróxi-olean-12-eno (3), foram elucidadas por espectroscopia de RMN. A administração sistêmica destes compostos (10-100 mg kg-1, i.p.) foi capaz de inibir tanto a primeira quanto a segunda fase da nocicepção induzida pela formalina em camundongos. Em adição, foram isolados os triterpenos conhecidos 3beta,16beta-dihidróxi-urs-12-eno (breina) (4) e uma mistura de alfa (5)- e beta-amirina (6)

Anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, and antipyretic effects of methanol extract of Cariniana rubra stem bark in animal models

Schmeda-Hirschmann, G (Schmeda-Hirschmann, Guillermo) Univ Talca, IQRN, Talca, ChileCariniana rubra Miers (Lecythidaceae), popularly known as "jequitiba-vermelho", is a large Brazilian tree whose bark is used in infusion and decoction for the treatment of inflammatory conditions. This study aims to assess the anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, and antipyretic effects of Cariniana rubra methanolic stem bark extract (EMCr) using experimental animals. Anti-inflammatory activity of EMCr was tested on carrageenan and dextran-induced rat paw edema, carrageenan-induced pleurisy in rats and acetic acid-increase vascular permeability in mice. Antinociceptive and antipyretic activities were evaluated using acetic acid-induced writhing, formalin and hot-plate tests in mice, as well as brewer's yeast-induced pyrexia in rats. The extract inhibitied carrageenan and dextran-induced edema, reduced exudate volume and leukocyte migration on the carrageenan-induced pleurisy and on the vascular permeability increase induced by acetic acid. The EMCr inhibited nociception on the acetic acid-induced writhing and in the second phase of formalin test, and decreased rectal temperature. It was, however, inactive against thermal nociception. Phytochemical analysis with EMCr showed the occurrence of saponins, triterpenes, sterols and phenolic compounds. Phytosterols (beta-sitosterol, stigmasterol), pentacyclic triterpenes (alpha- and beta-amyrin as a mixture), arjunolic acid, a phytosterol glycoside (sitosterol 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside), and triterpenoid saponins (28-beta-glucopyranosyl-23-O-acetyl arjunolic acid; 3-O-beta-glucopyranosyl arjunolic acid and 28-O-[alpha-L-Rhamnopyranosyl-(1 -> 2)-beta-glucopyranosyl]-23-O-acetyl arjunolic acid) were the main identified compounds. It can be presumed that EMCr caused their effects by inhibiting the liberation and/or action of different inflammatory mediators. These findings support the traditional use of Cariniana rubra preparations to treat inflammation

Pharmacological and Phytochemical Evaluation of Adiantum cuneatum Growing in Brazil

This work describes the phytochemical analysis and analgesic activity of a non polar fraction obtained from Adiantum cuneatum grown in Brazil. The results showed that the hexane fraction as well as two pure compounds, identified as filicene (1) and filicenal (2), given intraperitoneally, exhibited potent analgesic activity when evaluated in two models of pain in mice, writhing test and formalin-induced pain. Compound 1 presented a calculated ID50 value of 19.5 μmol/kg body weight, when evaluated in writhing test, being about 7-fold more active than some reference drugs, like as acetyl salicylic acid and acetaminophen. It also inhibited both phases (neurogenic and inflammatory) of the formalin test at 10 mg/kg (24 μmol/kg). The chemical composition of the plant grown in Brazil is similar to that grown in other countries. The results confirm and justify the popular use of this plant for the treatment of dolorous processes

Evaluation of the anti-proliferative effect the extracts of Allamanda blanchetti and A-schottii on the growth of leukemic and endothelial cells

PURPOSE. To investigate the anti-proliferative effect of A. blanchetti and A. schottii extracts. METHODS. The anti-proliferative effect of A. blanchetti and A. schottii ethanolic extracts on K562 leukemic cells as well as on BMEC and HUVEC were evaluated. Phytochemical analysis to identify the possible active components was carried out. RESULTS. The root extract of A. schottii was the most active of them. At 80 mu g/mL, the root extracts showed a cytostatic effect on K562, whereas at 400 mu g/mL, there was a strong cytotoxic effect. Similar cytostatic and cytotoxic effects were seen in the endothelial cells, but at lower doses. The effect of A. schottii root extract on endothelial cells was seen at concentrations ten times lower (8 mu g/mL) than the effect of the A. blanchetti root extract (80 mu g/mL). Phytochemical investigation of different fractions and parts of the plant led to the isolation of several known compounds, some of which are described for the first time in the genus Allamanda, and with previous evidence of anticancer and antitumoral properties. CONCLUSIONS. Our results suggest that both plants studied exhibit cytostatic and cytotoxic activity, but the most active compounds are located in the roots.9220020

INVESTIGAÇÃO FITOQUÍMICA E AVALIAÇÃO DA ATIVIDADE ANTIBACTERIANA DA Mikania lanuginosa DC (ASTERACEAE)

O presente trabalho envolveu extração, isolamento, purificação e identificação dos constituintes químicos das partes aéreas da Mikania lanuginosa DC (ASTERACEAE). No processo de extração ocorreu a formação de um precipitado, no qual foi isolado e purificado um composto majoritário, que por análises espectroscópicas de IV, RMN 1H, RMN 13C e por comparação com os dados existentes na literatura, foi identificado como sendo o diterpeno ácido caurenóico. Foram realizados ensaios biológicos para avaliar a ação antimicrobiana com o precipitado, extrato etanólico bruto, as frações hexânica, diclorometano, acetato de etila, butanólica e o diterpeno ácido caurenóico contra as cepas Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228 e Bacillus cereus, pela técnica da difusão em meio sólido por cavidade e posteriormente pelo método de diluição em placa. Os resultados demonstraram que as frações hexânica, diclorometano, acetato de etila, butanólica e o ácido caurenóico obtidos da M. lanuginosa, apresentaram atividade antimicrobiana moderada frente as bactérias Gram positivas e foram inativos contra as bactérias Gram negativas. Phytochemical Investigation and Antimicrobial Activity Evaluation of the Mikania lanuginosa DC (ASTERACEAE) Abstract The present study investigated the extraction, isolation and purification the chemical compounds of the aerial parts of Mikania lanuginosa DC (ASTERACEAE). In the process of extraction it occurred the formation of a precipitate, it which was isolated and purified a ruling compound, and by spectroscopic analysis of the IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and comparison with reported data in the literature it was identified as being the diterpene kaurenoic acid. It were performed biological assays to estimate the antimicrobial action with the precipited, crude etanolic extract, hexane, dichoromethane, acetate ethyl, butane fractions and diterpene kaurenoic acid contrasting with strains Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228 e Bacillus cereus, by technique of the diffusion in solid mean by cavity and afterwards by the plaque dilution method. The results showed that the hexane, dichoromethane, acetate ethyl, butane fractions and the kaurenoic acid obtained from the Mikania lanuginosa DC presented a moderate antimicrobial activity face to Gram positives bacteria and got inert against the Gram negatives bacteria