Cytokine production after stimulation with LPS and PGN agonists.

<p>Levels of TNF-α (A), IFN-γ (B), IL-17 (C), IL-10 (D) and TGF-β (E) in supernatants were analyzed after 24 hours of PBMCs cultured (1x10⁶ cells/ml), obtained from patients with VL pre-treatment, post-treatment and control subjects, and stimulated or not with LPS ultra-purified (1 μg/ml), PGN (5 μg/ml) and LPS+PGN. Lowercase letters represent significant differences among agonists in the same group: p<0.05 <b>a</b>—PBMC <i>vs</i>. LPS, PGN, LPS+PGN; <b>b</b>—PBMC, PGN <i>vs</i>. LPS, LPS+PGN; <b>c</b>—PBMC, LPS <i>vs</i>. PGN, LPS+PGN; <b>d</b>—LPS <i>vs</i>. LPS+PGN. Capital letters represent significant differences in the same agonists among groups: p<0.05 <b>A</b>—pre-treatment <i>vs</i>. post-treatment; <b>B</b>—pre-treatment <i>vs</i>. control individuals; <b>C</b>—post-treatment <i>vs</i>. control individuals. Cytokine levels were measured by CBA. Each dot represent a different patient and each bar represents the median.</p