ESTUDO DA ALTERAÇÃO DO PROJETO DE UM VOLANTE CONVENCIONAL PARA IMPLANTAÇÃO DE AIRBAG

Diante da obrigatoriedade do uso de airbag em todos os veículos produzidos no Brasil a partir de 2014, este trabalho tem como objetivo demonstrar a importância do airbag como item de segurança, com a finalidade não de reduzir acidentes, mas sim de diminuir o índice de mortes em acidentes. Para atender à lei, a empresa foco do nosso trabalho modificou o projeto e o processo de fabricação de um volante convencional para uma versão airbag, buscando segurança, satisfação dos clientes e retorno financeiro. O departamento de engenharia de desenvolvimento da empresa vem trabalhando para implantar o airbag sem grandes alterações no design requerido pelo cliente. Essas mudanças, que são objeto de estudo deste trabalho, indicaram que a engenharia da empresa projetou um volante, visando a atender ao mercado exterior, e utilizou parte deste projeto para adequar as modificações que estão projetadas para o mercado nacional.AbstractGiven the mandatory use of airbags in vehicles produced in Brazil from 2014, this research aims to demonstrate the importance of the airbag as a safety item, not with the aim of reducing accidents, but to reduce the number of fatalities. To meet the law, the firm modified the design and the manufacturing process of a conventional steering wheel for airbag release, seeking safety, customer satisfaction and financial return. The firm development engineering department has been working with the airbag to release the wheel without major design changes, as it was requested by the client. These changes, which are the subject of this paper, demonstrate that engineering designed a wheel to meet overseas market, and took advantage of this design to suit the modifications that are designed for the domestic market

Adenoma pleomórfico da glândula submandibular: Pleomorphic adenoma of the submandibular gland

Introdução: O Adenoma Pleomórfico é o mais comum dentre os tumores benignos, desenvolvendo-se em áreas de tecido glandular, apesar de ser uma importante patologia glandular salivar, o acometimento da glândula submandibular não é o mais prevalente, e sim o da glândula parótida, o que acaba por negligenciar tal manifestação. Apresentação do Caso: Paciente com 38 anos, sexo feminino, melanoderma, procurou o serviço de otorrinolaringologia devido aparecimento de nódulo em região cervical há cerca de 04 anos, associado à limitação de movimento, com prejuízo estético há 02 meses. Nega dor. Ao exame físico local, evidenciou-se lesão nodular de consistência firme, unilocular.  À análise histológica, evidenciou ausência de sinais de malignidade. Discussão: O Adenoma Pleomórfico tem crescimento lento, normalmente, perceptível previamente à consulta médica, de anos a meses, apresentando-se de forma muito semelhante a uma linfonodomegalia cervical, indolor e de consistência firme, podendo se manifestar em todas as idades, com predominância entre os 40 e 50 anos, sendo a excisão cirúrgica com margem de segurança seu tratamento de referência, na maioria das vezes, com um excelente prognóstico e baixo índice de recidivas. Conclusão: A evolução lenta é determinante para a percepção atrasada da lesão em questão, e consequentemente, para a necessidade de excisão cirúrgica, para que se tenha um bom prognóstico, além do aumento nas chances de malignização do tumor, o que torna necessário que haja uma maior exploração do tema ao longo da graduação médica, a fim de repercutir na otimização do diagnóstico e tratamento em níveis de saúde menos avançados e mais acessíveis à população em geral

Estudo eco-epidemiológico da fauna flebotomínica e dos aspectos ambientais relacionados à transmissão das leishmanioses em um município de Minas Gerais, Brasil, 2015-2016

Submitted by Nuzia Santos ([email protected]) on 2020-02-17T18:19:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Eco-epidemiological study on sandflies .pdf: 469276 bytes, checksum: b5f91262094ec8987d2446800f196a09 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Nuzia Santos ([email protected]) on 2020-02-17T18:25:46Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Eco-epidemiological study on sandflies .pdf: 469276 bytes, checksum: b5f91262094ec8987d2446800f196a09 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2020-02-17T18:25:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Eco-epidemiological study on sandflies .pdf: 469276 bytes, checksum: b5f91262094ec8987d2446800f196a09 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Escola de Veterinária. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto René Rachou. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Escola de Veterinária. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Prefeitura de Belo Horizonte. Secretaria de Saúde. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Prefeitura de Belo Horizonte. Secretaria de Saúde. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto René Rachou. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto René Rachou. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto René Rachou. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Estado de Minas Gerais. Fundação Ezequiel Dias. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Prefeitura de Belo Horizonte. Secretaria de Saúde. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Escola de Veterinária. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Escola de Veterinária. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Objetivou-se avaliar a fauna vetorial e os aspectos ambientais e climáticos relacionados à transmissão das leishmanioses. Foi realizado um estudo eco-epidemiológico prospectivo de coleta sistemática de flebotomíneos e inquérito censitário sorológico canino em áreas de um município do Brasil. Para determinar a taxa de prevalência de LVC, foram examinadas amostras de sangue de 1752 cães. Na avaliação entomológica, foram instaladas 24 armadilhas luminosas em 12 residências distribuídas, instaladas no ambiente de peridomicílio e intradomicílio durante 12 meses. Para análise dos aspectos climáticos, utilizou-se a correlação simples de Spearman e para análise espacial foram utilizadas a Lógica Fuzzy e a Função K. A taxa de prevalência em cães foi de 4,1% e 7,1%. No estudo entomológico, foram capturados 431 flebotomíneos. A maior parte (74%) dos espécimes foi capturada no peridomicílio. Em relação à infecção natural, 5,6 % das amostras analisadas por biologia molecular apresentaram positividade à infecção por Leishmania spp.. Em 100% das amostras positivas, encontrou-se infecção por Leishmania infantum. Na análise espacial uma Área apresentou maior concentração de pontos de sobreposição de alta densidade de Lutzomyia longipalpis e cães sororreagentes, indicando maior risco na ocorrência concomitante dos dois eventos. Os resultados mostram que a interface parasito-reservatório-vetor está ativa nas áreas estudadas.The aim of this study was to evaluate Leishmania vectors and investigate the environmental and climatic characteristics related to their transmission. This was a prospective eco-epidemiological study involving the systematic collection of sandflies and a canine serological survey in areas of municipality in Brazil. Blood samples from 1,752 dogs were examined to test for canine visceral leishmaniasis (VL). An entomological evaluation was carried out using 24 light traps in the peridomicile and intradomicile areas of 12 households for 12 months. Climate variables were analyzed using a simple Spearman correlation and a spatial analysis via the fuzzy logic method and K function. The prevalence rate of canine VL was 4.1% and 7.1% in the two areas that were studied, respectively. The entomological study resulted in the capture of 431 sandflies. Most (74%) of the specimens were captured in the peridomiciliary area, and 5.6% of the samples that were analyzed using molecular biology were positive for Leishmania spp. In particular, Leishmania infantum was found in 100% of the positive samples. The spatial analysis showed that one particular area presented a higher concentration of high-density overlapping points of Lutzomyia longipalpis and seropositive dog populations, indicating a higher risk of the concomitant occurrence of both events. The results show that a parasite-reservoir-vector interface is active in the studied areas

Do despotismo da gentalha à democracia da gravata lavada: história do conceito de democracia no Brasil (1770-1870)

The voting rate in Brazil only reached 40% (considered consistent with a modern democracy) in the 1980s. However, the bibliography always refers to the 1986, 1945, and 1933 elections as moments of "re-democratization", when explicitly or implicitly the original "democracy" could only have existed during the fraudulent and oligarchic First Republic (1889-1930). This article focuses on the process by which the 19th century Brazilian elites slowly forged this purely liberal-institutional concept of democracy, with extensive repercussions during the following century. The concept found its symbol in the "starched collar democracy" to which Teófilo Ottoni referred in his campaign in 1860, limited to the educated and moneyed stratum of the population, and reclaimed by the UDN party in the 1945 presidential campaign

Effect of lung recruitment and titrated Positive End-Expiratory Pressure (PEEP) vs low PEEP on mortality in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome - A randomized clinical trial

IMPORTANCE: The effects of recruitment maneuvers and positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) titration on clinical outcomes in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remain uncertain. OBJECTIVE: To determine if lung recruitment associated with PEEP titration according to the best respiratory-system compliance decreases 28-day mortality of patients with moderate to severe ARDS compared with a conventional low-PEEP strategy. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Multicenter, randomized trial conducted at 120 intensive care units (ICUs) from 9 countries from November 17, 2011, through April 25, 2017, enrolling adults with moderate to severe ARDS. INTERVENTIONS: An experimental strategy with a lung recruitment maneuver and PEEP titration according to the best respiratory-system compliance (n = 501; experimental group) or a control strategy of low PEEP (n = 509). All patients received volume-assist control mode until weaning. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The primary outcome was all-cause mortality until 28 days. Secondary outcomes were length of ICU and hospital stay; ventilator-free days through day 28; pneumothorax requiring drainage within 7 days; barotrauma within 7 days; and ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month mortality. RESULTS: A total of 1010 patients (37.5% female; mean [SD] age, 50.9 [17.4] years) were enrolled and followed up. At 28 days, 277 of 501 patients (55.3%) in the experimental group and 251 of 509 patients (49.3%) in the control group had died (hazard ratio [HR], 1.20; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.42; P = .041). Compared with the control group, the experimental group strategy increased 6-month mortality (65.3% vs 59.9%; HR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.38; P = .04), decreased the number of mean ventilator-free days (5.3 vs 6.4; difference, −1.1; 95% CI, −2.1 to −0.1; P = .03), increased the risk of pneumothorax requiring drainage (3.2% vs 1.2%; difference, 2.0%; 95% CI, 0.0% to 4.0%; P = .03), and the risk of barotrauma (5.6% vs 1.6%; difference, 4.0%; 95% CI, 1.5% to 6.5%; P = .001). There were no significant differences in the length of ICU stay, length of hospital stay, ICU mortality, and in-hospital mortality. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In patients with moderate to severe ARDS, a strategy with lung recruitment and titrated PEEP compared with low PEEP increased 28-day all-cause mortality. These findings do not support the routine use of lung recruitment maneuver and PEEP titration in these patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01374022

Neotropical freshwater fisheries : A dataset of occurrence and abundance of freshwater fishes in the Neotropics

The Neotropical region hosts 4225 freshwater fish species, ranking first among the world's most diverse regions for freshwater fishes. Our NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set is the first to produce a large-scale Neotropical freshwater fish inventory, covering the entire Neotropical region from Mexico and the Caribbean in the north to the southern limits in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. We compiled 185,787 distribution records, with unique georeferenced coordinates, for the 4225 species, represented by occurrence and abundance data. The number of species for the most numerous orders are as follows: Characiformes (1289), Siluriformes (1384), Cichliformes (354), Cyprinodontiformes (245), and Gymnotiformes (135). The most recorded species was the characid Astyanax fasciatus (4696 records). We registered 116,802 distribution records for native species, compared to 1802 distribution records for nonnative species. The main aim of the NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set was to make these occurrence and abundance data accessible for international researchers to develop ecological and macroecological studies, from local to regional scales, with focal fish species, families, or orders. We anticipate that the NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set will be valuable for studies on a wide range of ecological processes, such as trophic cascades, fishery pressure, the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation, and the impacts of species invasion and climate change. There are no copyright restrictions on the data, and please cite this data paper when using the data in publications

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data