Mediterranean Native Leguminous Plants: A Reservoir of Endophytic Bacteria with Potential to Enhance Chickpea Growth under Stress Conditions

Bacterial endophytes, a subset of a plant’s microbiota, can facilitate plant growth by a number of different mechanisms. The aims of this study were to assess the diversity and functionality of endophytic bacterial strains from internal root tissues of native legume species grown in two distinct sites in South of Portugal and to evaluate their ability to promote plant growth. Here, 122 endophytic bacterial isolates were obtained from 12 different native legume species. Most of these bacteria possess at least one of the plant growth-promoting features tested in vitro, with indole acetic acid production being the most common feature among the isolates followed by the production of siderophores and inorganic phosphate solubilization. The results of in planta experiments revealed that co-inoculation of chickpea plants with specific endophytic bacteria along with N2-fixing symbionts significantly improved the total biomass of chickpea plants, in particular when these plants were grown under saline conditions. Altogether, this study revealed that Mediterranean native legume species are a reservoir of plant growth-promoting bacteria, that are also tolerant to salinity and to toxic levels of Mn. Thus, these bacterial endophytes are well adapted to common constraints present in soils of this region which constitutes important factors to consider in the development of bacterial inoculants for stressful conditions in the Mediterranean region

SELECTIVITY OF LINURON HERBICIDE FOR CARROT WHEN SPRAYED IN POST-EMERGENCE

<div><p>ABSTRACT Among the herbicides registered for carrot crop in Brazil, linuron is the most used one, according to horticulturists. However, there are few reports in the literature on its selectivity for the carrot plants. Therefore, the aim of this work is to study the selectivity of linuron herbicide for growing carrots, influenced by genotype, product dosing, and plant development phase at the time of application. This work included four experiments, one in greenhouse, and three in the field, in area of commercial carrot production. In the greenhouse, the experimental design was completely randomized in factorial scheme 4 x 2 x 3, with four replications. Linuron, at doses 0, 225, 450 and 675 g a.i. ha-1 was sprayed in plants with 1 and 2-3 true leaves of cultivars Brasilia, Kuronan and Verano. In the field, two experiments were carried out, one with the cultivar Verano and the other with BRS Planalto. In three experiments, the experimental design was a randomized block in factorial 2 x 5, with four replications. Verano or BRS Planalto plants were sprayed, in two stages of development (1 and 3 true leaves for Verano, and 1 and 2 true leaves for BRS Planalto), with 0, 225, 450, 675 and 990 g a.i. ha-1 of linuron. Post-emergence herbicide linuron was selective for growing carrots, regardless of cultivar, product dosage and plant development stage at the time of application.</p></div

Effect Of Ropivacaine Combined With Pancuronium On Neuromuscular Transmission And Effectiveness Of Neostigmine And 4-aminopyridine For Blockade Reversal: Experimental Study [efeito Da Associação Ropivacaina-pancurÔnio Na Transmissão Neuromuscular E Eficácia Da Neostigmine E 4-aminopiridina Na Reversão Do Bloqueio: Estudo Experimental]

Background and objectives: The local anesthetic effects on neuromuscular junction and its influence on blockade produced by nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockers are still under-investigated; however, this interaction has been described in experimental studies and in humans. The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro the interaction between ropivacaine and pancuronium, the influence on transmission and neuromuscular blockade, and the effectiveness of neostigmine and 4-aminopyridine to reverse the blockade. Methods: Rats were divided into groups (n=5) according to the study drug: ropivacaine (5μgmL-1); pancuronium (2μg.mL-1); ropivacaine+pancuronium. Neostigmine and 4-aminopyridine were used at concentrations of 2μgmL-1 and 20μgmL-1, respectively. The effects of ropivacaine on membrane potential and miniature end-plate potential, the amplitude of diaphragm responses before and 60minutes after the addition of ropivacaine (degree of neuromuscular blockade with pancuronium and with the association of pancuronium-ropivacaine), and the effectiveness of neostigmine and 4-aminopyridine on neuromuscular block reversal were evaluated. Results: Ropivacaine did not alter the amplitude of muscle response (the membrane potential), but decreased the frequency and amplitude of the miniature end-plate potential. Pancuronium blockade was potentiated by ropivacaine, and partially and fully reversed by neostigmine and 4-aminopyridine, respectively. Conclusions: Ropivacaine increased the neuromuscular block produced by pancuronium. The complete antagonism with 4-aminopyridine suggests presynaptic action of ropivacaine.652136140Toft, P., Kirkegaard Nielsen, H., Severinsen, I., Effect of epidurally administered bupivacaine on atracurium-induced neuromuscular blockade (1990) Acta Anaesthesiol Scand, 34, pp. 649-652Taivainen, T., Meretoja, O.A., Rosenberg, P.H., The effect of epidural bupivacaine on vecuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade in children (1994) Acta Anesthesiol Scand, 38, pp. 453-456Suzuki, T., Mizutani, H., Ishikawa, K., Epidurally administered mepivacaine delays recovery of train-of-four ratio from vecuronium-induced neuromuscular block (2007) Br J Anaesth, 99, pp. 721-725Sahin, S.H., Colak, A., Sezer, A., Effect of epidural levobupivacaine on recovery from vecuronium-induced neuromuscular block in patients undergoing lower abdominal surgery (2011) Anaesth Intensive Care, 39, pp. 607-610Loyola, Y.C., Braga Ade, F., Potério, G.M., Influence of lidocaine on the neuromuscular block produced by rocuronium: study in rat phrenic-diaphragmatic nerve preparation (2006) Rev Bras Anestesiol, 56, pp. 147-156Braga, A.F., Carvalho, V.H., Braga, F.S., Influence of local anesthetics on the neuromuscular blockade produced by rocuronium: effects of lidocaine and 50% enantiomeric excess bupivacaine on the neuromuscular junction (2009) Rev Bras Anestesiol, 59, pp. 725-734Carvalho, V.H., Braga, A.F., Braga, F.S., The influence of lidocaine and racemic bupivacaine on neuromuscular blockade produced by rocuronium. A study in rat phrenic nerve-diaphragm preparation (2009) Acta Cir Bras, 24, pp. 211-215Covino, B.G., Pharmacology of local anaesthetic agents (1986) Br J Anaesth, 58, pp. 701-716McLure, H.A., Rubin, A.P., Review of local anaesthetic agents (2005) Minerva Anestesiol, 71, pp. 59-74Stoelting, R.K., Hillier, S.C., Neuromuscular blocking drugs (2006) Pharmacology & Phisiology in Anesthetic Practice., pp. 208-250. , Lippincott Williams & Wilk, Philadelphia, R.K. Stoelting, S.C. Hillier (Eds.)Bulbring, E., Observation on the isolated phrenic nerve-diaphragm preparation of the rat (1946) Br J Pharmacol, 1, pp. 38-61Cardoso, L.S.M., Martins, C.R., Tardelli, M.A., Efeitos da lidocaína por via venosa sobre a farmacodinâmica do rocurÔnio (2005) Rev Bras Anestesiol, 55, pp. 371-380Matsuo, S., Rao, D.B., Chaudry, I., Interaction of muscle relaxants and local anesthetics at the neuromuscular junction (1978) Anesth Analg, 57, pp. 580-587Barash, P.G., Cullen, B.F., Stoelting, R.K., Anesthetic agents, adjuvants, and drug interaction (2009) Clinical Anesthesia, pp. 514-515. , Lippincot Williams & Wilkins Kluwer Business, Philadelphia, P.G. Barash (Ed.)Carpenter, R.L., Mulroy, M.F., Edrophonium antagonize combined lidocaine-pacuronium and verapamil-pancuronium neuromuscular blockade in cats (1986) Anesthesiology, 65, pp. 506-510Neher, E., Steinbach, J.H., Local anesthetics transiently block currents through single acetylcholine-receptor channels (1978) J Physiol, 277, pp. 153-176Pederneiras, S.G., Interação de drogas com relaxantes musculares (1988) Rev Bras Anestesiol, 38, pp. 63-73Suzuki, T., Nagai, H., Katsumata, N., Investigation of fading responses induced by non-depolarising muscle relaxants in the evoked EMG of the gastrocnemius muscle of the cat (1999) Acta Anaesthesiol Scand, 43, pp. 658-662Usubiaga, J.E., Wikinski, J.A., Morales, R.L., Interaction of intravenously administered procaine, lidocaine and succinylcholine in anesthetized subjects (1967) Anesth Analg, 46, pp. 39-45Ellis, C.H., Wnuck, A.L., De Beer, E.J., Modifying actions of procaine on the myoneural blocking actions of succinylcholine, decamethonium and d-tubocurarine in dogs and cats (1953) Am J Physiol, 174, pp. 277-282Ulbricht, W., Wagner, H.H., Block of potassium channels of the nodal membrane by 4-aminopyridine and its partial removal on depolarization (1976) Pflugers Arch, 367, pp. 77-87Harvey, A.L., Marshall, I.G., The facilitatory actions of aminopyridines and tetraethylammonium on neuromuscular transmission and muscle contractility in avian muscle (1977) Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol, 299, pp. 53-60Harvey, A.L., Marshall, I.G., The actions of three diaminopyridines on the chick biventer cervicis muscle (1977) Eur J Pharmacol, 44, pp. 303-30

Avaliação de clones de batata para caracteres de rendimento e qualidade de fritura

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi verificar o desempenho de clones de batata em relação a caracteres de rendimento e qualidade de fritura. Os experimentos foram realizados em Canoinhas-SC e Pelotas-RS, no outono de 2014. Foram avaliados 11 clones e duas cultivares comerciais (Agata e Asterix), em delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados com quatro repetições. As parcelas foram compostas por duas linhas de 3,5 metros com 10 plantas cada. Aos 110 dias após o plantio foram realizadas as colheitas, seguidas das avaliações de caracteres componentes do rendimento de tubérculos e qualidade de fritura. Foram feitas análises de variância individual e conjunta, e de agrupamento de médias por Scott & Knott. Pode-se verificar que o clone F183-08-01 é o mais produtivo para os dois locais testados, além de possuir potencial para a fritura. O clone F161-07-02 apresenta os melhores atributos para a fritura, porém não é muito produtivo

Priming Versus Bolus. A Comparative Study With Different Cisatracurium Doses [dose Preparatória Versus Injeção Unica. Estudo Comparativo Entre Diferentes Doses De Cisatracúrio]

Background and Objectives - The priming technique is an alternative to shorten nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockers onset time. This study aimed at evaluating maximum neuromuscular block onset, tracheal intubation conditions and cardiocirculatory changes determined by different cisatracurium single or fractional doses. Methods - Participated in this study 80 patients physical status ASA I and II, who were distributed into two groups according to cisatracurium doses: Group I (0.1 mg.kg-1) and Group II (0.2 mg.kg-1). Subgroups were constituted according to the curarization technique employed: subgroups P1 and P2 (priming-dose) - 0.02 mg.kg-1 or 0.04 mg.kg-1 cisatracurium, respectively, followed one minute later, by 0.08 mg.kg-1 or 0.16 mg.kg-1 of the same neuromuscular blocker, respectively; subgroups U1 and U2 - total bolus injection of 0.1 mg.kg-1 or 0.2 mg.kg-1 cisatracurium, respectively. Anesthesia was induced with etomidate, preceded by alfentanil. Train of Four (TOF) stimulation was applied at 12-second intervals to monitor neuromuscular function. Maximum neuromuscular blockade onset time, tracheal intubation conditions and changes in hemodynamic parameters (arterial mean blood pressure and heart rate) were evaluated. Results - Mean times for maximum neuromuscular block onset were: Group / (3.90 ± 0.60 min and 3.88 ± 0.74 min, for subgroups P1 and U1, respectively) and Group II (1.40 ± 0.40 min and 2 ± 0.30 min, for subgroups P2 and U2, respectively) with no significant differences. Comparison between subgroups P1 and P2 and between subgroups U1 and U2, has shown statistically significant differences. Tracheal intubation conditions were acceptable in all patients and there were no cardiovascular changes. Conclusions - Fractional cisatracurium doses have not shortened maximum neuromuscular block onset as compared to bolus injections. They have however produced acceptable tracheal intubation conditions without cardiovascular changes.531916Donati, F., Onset of action of relaxants (1988) Can J Anaesth, 35, pp. S52-S58Foldes, F.F., Nagashima, H., Kornak, P.H., Effect of priming (1993) Anaesth Pharmacol Rev, 1, pp. 49-56Koller, M.E., Husby, P., High-dose vecuronium may be an alternative to suxamethonium for rapid-sequence intubation (1993) Acta Anaesthesiol Scand, 37, pp. 465-468Potério, G.M.B., Braga, A.F.A., Condições de intubação traqueal com pancurônio. O princípio do priming-dose (1989) Rev Bras Anestesiol, 39 (SUPPL. 11), pp. CBA26Braga, A.F.A., Potério, G.M.B., Emprego do pancurônio e alcurônio em doses fracionadas na obtenção de relaxamento muscular para intubação traqueal (1993) Rev Bras Anestesiol, 43 (SUPPL. 17), pp. CBA76Braga, A.A., Potério, G.B., Rousselet, M.S., Atracúrio e intubação traqueal: Priming-dose X injeção única (1994) Rev Bras Anestesiol, 44 (SUPPL. 18), pp. CBA115Mellinghoff, H., Radbruch, L., Diefenbach, C., A comparison of cisatracurium and atracurium onset of neuromuscular block after bolus injection and recovery after subsequent infusion (1996) Anesth Analg, 83, pp. 1072-1075Bluestein, L.S., Stinson L.W., Jr., Lennon, R.L., Evaluation of cisatracurium, a new neuromuscular blocking agent, for tracheal intubation (1996) Can J Anaesth, 43, pp. 925-931Mallampati, S.R., Gatt, S.P., Gugino, L.D., A clinical sign to predict difficult tracheal intubation: A prospective study (1985) Can J Anaesth, 32, pp. 429-434Goldberg, M.E., Larijani, G.E., Azad, S.S., Comparison of tracheal intubating conditions and neuromuscular blocking profiles after intubating doses of mivacurium chloride or succinylcholine in surgical outpatients (1989) Anesth Analg, 69, pp. 93-99Baumgarten, R.K., Carter, C.E., Reynolds, W.J., Priming with nondepolarizing relaxants for rapid tracheal intubation: A double-blind evaluation (1988) Can J Anaesth, 35, pp. 5-11Storella, R.J., Jaffe, J., Mehr, E., In vitro investigation of the priming principle for rapid neuromuscular block (1989) Br J Anaesth, 62, pp. 478-482Foldes, F.F., Rapid tracheal intubation with non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking drugs: The priming principle (1984) Br J Anaesth, 56, p. 663Schwarz, S., Ilias, W., Lackner, F., Rapid tracheal intubation with vecuronium: The priming principle (1985) Anesthesiology, 62, pp. 388-391Redai, I., Feldman, S.A., Priming studies with rocuronium and vecuronium (1995) Eur J Anaesth, 11, pp. 11-13Paton, W.D.M., Waud, D.R., The margin of safety of neuromuscular transmission (1967) J Physiol, 191, pp. 59-90Waud, B.E., Waud, D.R., The margin of safety of neuromuscular transmission in the muscle of the diaphragm (1972) Anesthesiology, 37, pp. 417-422Mehta, M.P., Choi, W.W., Gergis, S.D., Facilitation of rapid endotracheal intubations with divided doses of non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking drugs (1985) Anesthesiology, 62, pp. 392-395Hofmockel, R., Bernad, G., Time-course of action and intubating conditions with rocuronium bromide under propofol-alfentanil anaesthesia (1995) Eur J Anaesth, 12, pp. 69-72Feldman, S.A., Rocuronium: Onset times and intubating conditions (1994) Eur J Anaesth, 9, pp. 49-52Musich, J., Walts, L.F., Pulmonary aspiration after a priming dose of vecuronium (1986) Anesthesiology, 64, pp. 517-519Van Aken, H., Mertes, N., Haess, G.M., Pretreatment technique for fast intubation with vecuronium: Intubation conditions and unwanted effects (1986) Acta Anaesthesiol Belg, 37, pp. 199-204Engbaek, J., Viby-Mogensen, J., Pre-curarization: A hazard to the patient? (1984) Acta Anaesthesiol Scand, 28, pp. 61-62Mahajan, R.P., Laverty, J., Lung function after vecuronium pre-treatment in young, healthy patients (1992) Br J Anaesth, 69, pp. 318-319Aziz, L., Jahangir, S.M., Choudhury, S.N.S., The effect of priming with vecuronium and rocuronium on young and elderly patients (1997) Anesth Analg, 85, pp. 663-666Mirakhur, R.K., Lavery, G.G., Gibson, F.M., Intubating conditions after vecuronium and atracurium given in divided doses (the priming technique) (1986) Acta Anaesthesiol Scand, 30, pp. 347-350Glass, P.S., Wilson, W., Mace, J.A., Is the priming principle both effective and safe? (1989) Anesth Analg, 68, pp. 127-134Miller, R.D., The priming principle (1985) Anesthesiology, 62, pp. 381-382Braga, A.F.A., Potério, G.M.B., Braga, F.S.S., Rocurônio: Dose preparatória versus injeção única (1999) Rev Bras Anestesiol, 49, pp. 379-384Harrop-Griffiths, A.W., Grounds, R.M., Moore, M., Intubating conditions following pre-induction priming with alcuronium (1986) Anaesthesia, 41, pp. 282-286Deepika, K., Kenaan, C.A., Bikhazi, G.B., Influence of the priming technique on pharmacodynamics and intubating conditions of cisatracurium (1999) J Clin Anesth, 11, pp. 572-575Stevens, J.B., Walker, S.C., Fontenot, J.P., The clinical neuromuscular pharmacology of cisatracurium versus vecuronium during outpatient anesthesia (1997) Anesth Analg, 85, pp. 1278-1283Hoffmann, W., Schwarz, U., Ruoff, M., Effects of priming technique on onset profile of cisatracurium (1999) Anaesth Reanim, 24, pp. 130-133Puhringer, F.K., Scheller, A., Kleinsasser, A., The effect of different priming doses on the pharmacodynamics of cisatracurium (2000) Anaesthesist, 49, pp. 102-105Naguib, M., Abdulatif, M., Gyasi, H.D., Priming with atracurium: Improving intubating conditions with additional doses of thiopental (1986) Anesth Analg, 65, pp. 1295-1299Muir, A.W., Anderson, K.A., Pow, E., Interaction between rocuronium bromide and some drugs used during anaesthesia (1994) Eur J Anaesth, 11, pp. 93-98Muir, A.W., Houston, J., Marshall, R.J., A comparison of the neuromuscular blocking and autonomic effects of two new short-acting muscle-relaxants with those of succinylcholine in the anesthetized cat and pig (1989) Anesthesiology, 70, pp. 533-540Cason, B., Baker, D.G., Hickey, R.F., Cardiovascular and neuromuscular effects of three steroidal neuromuscular blocking drugs in dogs (Org 9619, Org 9426, Org 9991) (1990) Anesth Analg, 70, pp. 382-388Savarese, J.J., Lien, C.A., Belmont, M.R., The clinical pharmacology of new benzylisoquinoline-diester compounds, with special consideration of cisatracurium and mivacurium (1997) Anaesthesist, 46, pp. 840-849Doenicke, A.W., Czeslick, E., Moss, J., Onset time, endotracheal intubating conditions, and plama histamina after cisatracurium and vecuronium administration (1998) Anesth Analg, 87, pp. 434-438Lepage, J.Y., Malinovsky, J.M., Malinge, M., Pharmacodynamic dose-response and safety study of cisatracurium (51W89) in adult surgical patients during N2O-O2 opioid anesthesia (1996) Anesth Analg, 83, pp. 823-829Bryson, H.M., Faulds, D., Cisatracurium besilate. A review of its pharmacology and clinical potential in anaesthetic practice (1997) Drugs, 53, pp. 848-866Reich, D.L., Mulier, J., Viby-Mogensen, J., Comparison of the cardiovascular effects of cisatracurium and vecuronium in patients with coronary artery disease (1998) Can J Anaesth, 45, pp. 794-79

Selectivity of linuron herbicide for carrot when sfrayed in post-emergence.

Objetivou-se aqui estudar a seletividade do herbicida linuron para a cultura da cenoura, influenciada por genótipo, dosagem do produto e estádio de desenvolvimento das plantas no momento da aplicação. O trabalho englobou a realização de quatro experimentos, um em casa de vegetação e três em campo, em área de produção comercial de cenoura.Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-02T09:10:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 artigo.cenouraPlantaDaninha.pdf: 740556 bytes, checksum: 437a2028be085ae4eeb9f884b2a95aa3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-11-01bitstream/item/165924/1/artigo.cenoura-Planta-Daninha.pdfOn line