Agreeing to Disagree with Multiple Priors

We present an extension of Aumann's Agreement Theorem to the case of multiple priors. If agents update all their priors, then, for the Agreement Theorem to hold, it is sufficient to assume that they have closed, connected and intersecting sets of priors. On the other hand, if agents select the priors to be updated according to the maximum likelihood criterion, then, under these same assumptions, agents may still agree to disagree. For the Agreement Theorem to hold, it is also necessary to assume that the maximum likelihood priors are commonly known and not disjoint. To show that these hypotheses are necessary, we give several examples in which agents agree to disagree.Agreeing to disagree, multiple priors, Aumann's Agreement Theorem

Agreeing to Disagree with Multiple Priors

We present an extension of Aumann’s Agreement Theorem to the case of multiple priors. If agents update all their priors, then, for the Agreement Theorem to hold, it is sufficient to assume that they have closed, connected and intersecting sets of priors. On the other hand, if agents select the priors to be updated according to the maximum likelihood criterion, then, under these same assumptions, agents may still agree to disagree. For the Agreement Theorem to hold, it is also necessary to assume that the maximum likelihood priors are commonly known and not disjoint. To show that these hypothesis are necessary, we give several examples in which agents agree to disagree

The contribution of poor and rural populations to national trends in reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health coverage: analyses of cross-sectional surveys from 64 countries

Background Coverage levels for essential interventions aimed at reducing deaths of mothers and children are increasing steadily in most low-income and middle-income countries. We assessed how much poor and rural populations in these countries are benefiting from national-level progress. Methods We analysed trends in a composite coverage indicator (CCI) based on eight reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health interventions in 209 national surveys in 64 countries, from Jan 1, 1994, to Dec 31, 2014. Trends by wealth quintile and urban or rural residence were fitted with multilevel modelling. We used an approach akin to the calculation of population attributable risk to quantify the contribution of poor and rural populations to national trends. Findings From 1994 to 2014, the CCI increased by 0·82 percent points a year across all countries; households in the two poorest quintiles had an increase of 0·99 percent points a year, which was faster than that for the three wealthiest quintiles (0·68 percent points). Gains among poor populations were faster in lower-middle-income and uppermiddle- income countries than in low-income countries. Globally, national level increases in CCI were 17·5% faster than they would have been without the contribution of the two poorest quintiles. Coverage increased more rapidly annually in rural (0·93 percent points) than urban (0·52 percent points) areas. Interpretation National coverage gains were accelerated by important increases among poor and rural mothers and children. Despite progress, important inequalities persist, and need to be addressed to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals

Functional redundancy and compensation: deletion of multiple murine Crisp genes reveals their essential role for male fertility

Mammalian Cysteine-RIch Secretory Protein (CRISP) family includes four members present in sperm and reported to regulate Ca2+ channels and fertilization. Based on our previous observations using single knockouts models and suggesting the existence of functional compensation among CRISP proteins, we investigated their relevance for male fertility by generating multiple Crisp gene mutants by CRISPR/Cas9 technology. Whereas targeting of Crisp1 and Crisp3 yielded subfertile males with early embryo developmental defects, the same deletion in zygotes from fertile Crisp2−/−.Crisp4−/− mice led to the generation of both triple and quadruple knockout mice exhibiting a complete or severe disruption of male fertility due to a combination of sperm transport, fertilization, and embryo developmental defects linked to intracellular Ca2+ dysregulation. These observations reveal that CRISP proteins are essential for male fertility and organize in functional modules that contribute distinctly to fertility success, bringing insights into the mechanisms underlying functionalredundancy/compensation in protein families and emphasizing the importance of generating multiple and not just single knockout which might be masking the true functional relevance of family genes.Fil: Curci, Ludmila. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Fundación de Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Brukman, Nicolás Gastón. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Fundación de Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Weigel Muñoz, Mariana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Fundación de Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Rojo, Daniela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular "Dr. Héctor N. Torres"; ArgentinaFil: Carvajal, Guillermo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Fundación de Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Sulzyk, Valeria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Fundación de Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Gonzalez, Soledad Natalia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Fundación de Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Rubinstein, Marcelo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular "Dr. Héctor N. Torres"; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Da Ros, Vanina Gabriela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Fundación de Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Cuasnicu, Patricia Sara. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Fundación de Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental; Argentin

Estimation of Productivity in Dryland Mediterranean Pastures: Long-Term Field Tests to Calibration and Validation of the Grassmaster II Probe

The estimation of pasture productivity is of great interest for the management of animal grazing. The standard method of assessing pasture mass requires great effort and expense to collect enough samples to accurately represent a pasture. This work presents the results of a long-term study to calibrate a Grassmaster II capacitance probe to estimate pasture productivity in two phases: (i) the calibration phase (2007–2018), which included measurements in 1411 sampling points in three parcels; and (ii) the validation phase (2019), which included measurements in 216 sampling points in eight parcels. A regression analysis was performed between the capacitance (CMR) measured by the probe and values of pasture green matter and dry matter (respectively, GM and DM, in kg ha−1). The results showed significant correlations between GM and CMR and between DM and CMR, especially in the early stages of pasture growth cycle. The analysis of the data grouped by classes of pasture moisture content (PMC) shows higher correlation coefficients for PMC content >80% (r = 0.775; p 80% showed a good approximation between GM or DM measured and GM or DM predicted (r = 0.959; p 80%

Geomorphological Description and Erosive-Depositional Dynamics of Hillslopes on Ribeirão Contagen Fluvial Valley-DF, Brazil

Mass movements make up the hall of natural phenomena that have caused more damage worldwide. The material transported and deposited on the slopes as a result of mass movement can be recognized by a number of particle size, micromorphological and morphometric characteristics of the slope. The study area is located in the capital of Brazil, on Administrative Region of Fercal cover the Contagem hydrographic basin. The research aimed to characterize the aterial on the slopes to verify the similarity between the relief functionality of the brazilian central plateau and the “rampa complex” on brazilian southeast. Three topossequences were drawn for investigation of the materials present in distinct morphologies slopes (closed concavity, open concavity and convex-rectilinear slope) where a manual soil auger was used. Were collected 78 disturbed samples for texture and morphoscopy analisys and 6 undisturbed samples, in different portions of the slopes to make the shear test. The texture show similarity on the studied slopes: E1 (predominantly clayey, loamy and clayey); E2(variation between clayey and Sandy); E3(Clayey, clay loam and clayey silt). Morphoscopy show alluvial deposits on low hillside (sub-rounded and rounded grains with curled and smooth surfaces) and colluvial deposits on high hillside (Irregular grains, angular and subangular with rough surfasse). Were obtained high shear strength values for all portions of the slopes, and the convex-rectilinear showed the highest (68,11kPa). The medion portion of E2 hillslope is the is the only one that presentes critical stability factor, mainly due to the high slope. The stability of the material investigated by this research admits say that the occurrence of sliding phenomena in the basin of the Countagem river are not predominantly related to the mechanical characteristics of the materials that compose it. What geomorphological analysis turn us intuit is the preterit existence of the strongest events condition that generated the scars and depositions currently observed

Hiponatremia en pacientes neurocríticos en la unidad de cuidados intensivos

Introducción: La hiponatremia es el trastorno electrolítico más frecuente en la práctica clínica. El cerebro es el principal órgano diana en relación a la morbilidad producida por esta afección, debido a la rigidez del cráneo, lo que impide su adaptación en situaciones de edema cerebral. Objetivo: Caracterizar a los pacientes neurocríticos con hiponatremia ingresados en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos del Hospital Universitario "General Calixto García".Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y longitudinal. El universo estuvo constituido por 84 pacientes que ingresaron con lesiones neurológicas agudas y la muestra quedó conformada por 28 pacientes con disminución del sodio sérico. Se excluyeron aquellos pacientes cuya estadía en la terapia intensiva fue menor de 24 horas, y aquellos que no dieron su consentimiento para participar en la investigación. Las principales variables estudiadas fueron el grado de severidad de la hiponatremia, motivo de ingreso, estado al egreso, estado de la volemia y días de ventilación mecánica.Resultados: Hubo un predominio de pacientes del sexo masculino. La edad promedio fue 45,9 años. El 28,6 % de la muestra tuvo lesiones traumáticas. La mortalidad se incrementó en pacientes con hiponatremia severa. La ventilación mecánica tuvo una duración mayor de 10 días.Conclusiones: La hiponatremia se presentó con mayor frecuencia en pacientes con trauma craneoencefálico, y estuvo asociada a un peor pronóstico según se incrementó la severidad de esta