PARENTS WHO DON\u27T SPANK: DEVIATION IN THE LEGITIMATION OF PHYSICAL FORCE (VIOLENCE, CHILDREARING, DISCIPLINE)

This study investigates why some parents deviate from American norms on childrearing and decide to use no form of physical punishment. Based on the percentage of American parents who use physical punishment, the views of popular childrearing manuals, relevant laws and court cases it is concluded that the use of physical punishment of children in American society is a context where the use of physical force is legitimate. To locate non-spanking parents, questionnaires were distributed to parents of all first, second and third graders in a eastern seacoast town of approximately 27,000 people. Of those who returned the questionnaires, 87% reported using physical punishment. Among those who spank, 60% said they used it for rule violation and found it to be effective in childrearing. Forty percent reported that they used it when the parents themselves were tired, frustrated or out of control. These parents said nothing about the behavior of their children as being related to the use of physical punishment and, in addition, these parents said that spanking was not an effective method of disciplining. Indepth interviews were conducted with the parents who use no form of physical punishment. The reasons they gave for not spanking involved issues of child management (e.g. it does not work), reactions to their own parent\u27s abusive treatment and views of spanking being a form of violence. All of the non-spanking parents reported being tempted to spank and they all said that they might spank in response to hypothetical scenarios where other parents frequently spank. Yet, when describing misbehaviors of their own children which were similar to the behaviors described in the hypothetical scenarios, these parents did not use physical punishment. It is concluded that the decision not to spank in American society is an extremely deviant position. Non-spanking parents are hesitant to acknowledge their commitment to not spanking. In fact, these parents do not tell others about their deviance. Non-spanking parents are very skilled at the management of their deviance and use socially acceptable accounts, such as saying their children do nothing so serious to deserve spanking, to avoid confrontation with others around them. Yet, by their own descriptions, their children do engage in the very behaviors that would be met with a spanking by other parents

Oral History Interview - Barbara Carson

Barbara Carson began teaching at Rollins in 1973, where over the course of twenty-eight years, she distinguished herself as one of the faculty’s pre-eminent professors and valuable contributors to the community. A native to Florida, Carson received her primary education in Cocoa, Florida. She studied at Brevard Junior College for a year and then at Florida State University, where she earned her Bachelor of Arts degree in 1964. Four years later, Carson graduated from John Hopkins University with a Ph.D. in English. After teaching for two years and completing a fellowship from the National Endowment for the Humanities, Carson accepted a teaching position at University of Massachusetts Amherst and then at Valencia Community College before joining the Rollins faculty in 1973. While at Rollins, Carson taught courses in freshman composition, as well as in British and American Literature. She also served as chair of the English department, participated in the GLCA and ACS teaching workshops, and took an active role in the development of the Academic Honor Code. For her outstanding contributions to the college, she was selected twice for the Hugh F. McKean Award, named Author Davis Fellow by her peers, received the Hamilton Holt School’s Distinguished Teacher Award, and in 1994, named to the Theodore Bruce and Barbara Lawrence Alfond Chair of English. Carson retired from the College in 2007, but as one student stated, “Like the giant oak tables in Orlando Hall, will be a permanent fixture at Rollins.

Analysis of Gender Responsiveness and Cultural Responsiveness

The theories of gender responsive programming in corrections have focused on the importance of relationships, gender roles, and structural barriers for women (Bloom, Owen, & Covington, 2003). They also included a strong recommendation for cultural responsiveness in recognizing cultural differences among female offenders and providing culturally relevant services (Bloom et al., 2003). However, there was little theoretical or empirical guidance on how to respond when the goals of gender responsive programming conflicted with the culture of female offenders. Findings from a program evaluation of a small, gang intervention program working with Hmong American girls, suggested that in such conflicts, cultural responsiveness became secondary to the primary goal of gender responsiveness. This study documented differences in the definition of gender roles and views on the status of women held by the program and the participants\u27 culture by utilizing content analysis of case records, semi-structured interviews with participants and stakeholders, and observation field notes. Analysis found no attempt by the program to assist the participants in understanding the cultural conflicts they were experiencing within their families or as recent immigrants. Implications of this programmatic tension were discussed and suggestions were made for future program administrators and practitioners looking for community resources that were both gender and culturally responsive

Building the Organizational Leader Brand: Change Agent, Scholar, Thought Leader

Who we are matters. Developing the personal brand communicates to the world the values that fuel daily leadership habits and practices. Exposure to branding is constant in everyday life. People are continuously exposed to various brands, including clothing, vehicles, food selection, recreation, and media. Building the organizational leader brand requires the same processes, strategies, and tactics as branding and promoting traditional products, yet is much more involved. Research supports that millennial audiences connect best with individuals, rather than organizations. Consequently, effective personal branding is essential to building trust and a reputation that supports such viable relationships within organizations. Successful brands are constructed to embody traits the target market or followers identify with, and thus develop an affinity to. Likewise, organizational leadership brands must incorporate the personal traits of the leader into its identity making them unique, compelling and approachable to stakeholders

Criminal Procedure: Confessions, Searches, Seizures & Suppression Issues

This Article analyzes and discusses the most impactful Texas Court of Criminal Appeals cases involving the law of criminal procedure decided during this Survey period. Broadly, this Article addresses two of criminal procedure’s main subject areas—confessions and searches and seizures

Inhibition of chemotherapy resistant breast cancer stem cells by a ROR1 specific antibody.

Breast cancers enduring treatment with chemotherapy may be enriched for cancer stem cells or tumor-initiating cells, which have an enhanced capacity for self-renewal, tumor initiation, and/or metastasis. Breast cancer cells that express the type I tyrosine kinaselike orphan receptor ROR1 also may have such features. Here we find that the expression of ROR1 increased in breast cancer cells following treatment with chemotherapy, which also enhanced expression of genes induced by the activation of Rho-GTPases, Hippo-YAP/TAZ, or B lymphoma Mo-MLV insertion region 1 homolog (BMI1). Expression of ROR1 also enhanced the capacity of breast cancer cells to invade Matrigel, form spheroids, engraft in Rag2-/-[Formula: see text] mice, or survive treatment with paclitaxel. Treatment of mice bearing breast cancer patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) with the humanized anti-ROR1 monoclonal antibody cirmtuzumab repressed expression of genes associated with breast cancer stemness, reduced activation of Rho-GTPases, Hippo-YAP/TAZ, or BMI1, and impaired the capacity of breast cancer PDXs to metastasize or reengraft Rag2-/-[Formula: see text] mice. Finally, treatment of PDX-bearing mice with cirmtuzumab and paclitaxel was more effective than treatment with either alone in eradicating breast cancer PDXs. These results indicate that targeting ROR1 may improve the response to chemotherapy of patients with breast cancer