Statistical Description for Assumption-free Single-shot Measurement of Femtosecond Laser Pulse Parameters via Two-photon-induced Photocurrents

Through examining the product of the mathematical variance of intensity with respect to time and frequency, we arrive at a temporal characterization of laser pulses through parameters for pulse duration, group delay dispersion and temporal form. These statistics, which are sufficient to predict subsequent pulse behavior, are recoverable in a simple experiment, measuring the two-photon-induced photocurrents in three nonlinear diodes. With only two photodiodes, we demonstrate that pulse durations as low as several tens of femtoseconds can be easily measured in a single shot if the usual assumptions of pulse form and dispersion are made as in the more difficult autocorrelation setup

Clinical similarities and differences of patients with X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome type 1 (XLP-1/SAP deficiency) versus type 2 (XLP-2/XIAP deficiency)

X-linked lymphoproliferative syndromes (XLP) are primary immunodeficiencies characterized by a particular vulnerability toward Epstein-Barr virus infection, frequently resulting in hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). XLP type 1 (XLP-1) is caused by mutations in the gene SH2D1A (also named SAP), whereas mutations in the gene XIAP underlie XLP type 2 (XLP-2). Here, a comparison of the clinical phenotypes associated with XLP-1 and XLP-2 was performed in cohorts of 33 and 30 patients, respectively. HLH (XLP-1, 55%; XLP-2, 76%) and hypogammaglobulinemia (XLP-1, 67%; XLP-2, 33%) occurred in both groups. Epstein-Barr virus infection in XLP-1 and XLP-2 was the common trigger of HLH (XLP-1, 92%; XLP-2, 83%). Survival rates and mean ages at the first HLH episode did not differ for both groups, but HLH was more severe with lethal outcome in XLP-1 (XLP-1, 61%; XLP-2, 23%). Although only XLP-1 patients developed lymphomas (30%), XLP-2 patients (17%) had chronic hemorrhagic colitis as documented by histopathology. Recurrent splenomegaly often associated with cytopenia and fever was preferentially observed in XLP-2 (XLP-1, 7%; XLP-2, 87%) and probably represents minimal forms of HLH as documented by histopathology. This first phenotypic comparison of XLP subtypes should help to improve the diagnosis and the care of patients with XLP conditions

A practice-based view of interorganisational collaboration : operationalising integrative mechanisms in ego-networks

Interorganisational Collaboration plays a central role in the production of infrastructure megaprojects. To date, few empirical studies examined how collaborative mechanisms are operationalised in the context of networks delivering complex projects. The objective of this thesis is to explore the operationalisation of integrative mechanisms through the deployment of practices in an ego-network delivering an infrastructure megaproject. An exploratory case study was conducted within the infrastructure industry using a multi-organisational perspective. A retroductive research approach, underlined by Critical realism was adopted. As part of this approach, 41 interviews were conducted, in addition to observations and document analysis. The findings show that collaboration within the ego-network took multiple forms, in accordance with the aims of each relationship. To this end, the findings demonstrate that the collaborative varied in terms of its deployed mechanisms and underlying practices. By going beyond the prevailing prescriptive accounts of the literature, this thesis provides a more nuanced view of how collaboration is operationalised in networks. In particular, it shows that the number, variety and nature of integrative mechanisms, and their underlying practices differed across the different relationships. It is the first known study to adopt a practice-based view of collaboration. Equally important, it provides a framework that captures how organisations learn to collaborate over time by conceptualising the interplay between the recursive, adaptive and emergent nature of collaborative practices. This research is thus one of the first known studies to uncover some of the complexities surrounding the way in which interorganisational collaboration are enacted in a complex project

Optical Data Storage in Photosensitive Glasses and Spin State Transition Compounds

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Second-order nonlinear optical properties induced by thermal poling in photonic oxide glasses and transparent glass-ceramics

In recent years there has been a resurgence of interest in oxide glasses due to advances in lasers for information transport. Oxide glasses combine low cost of fabrication and good compatibility with silica glass fibers, which offer the opportunity for developing structures with nonlinear optical properties in integrated optical devices. The creation of an axial symmetry under thermal poling is currently necessary to induce Second-Order NonLinear (SONL) optical properties in glasses. A description of theoretical models which have been proposed for charge migration during thermal poling is presented. A review of SONL efficiencies which have been obtained for different glass compositions by this method is reported. Correlations between SONL properties and structural modifications under poling are also presented. Finally, we focus on the challenging fabrication of transparent glass-ceramic composites, especially when they are obtained by the precipitation of ferroelectric nanoparticle phases in the glassy matrix which adds the advantageous SONL properties of ferroelectric crystals

A New Thiopurine S-Methyltransferase Haplotype Associated With Intolerance to Azathioprine

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HOBIT - un Concept Innovant pour le Transformation des Pratiques Pédagogiques

International audienceHOBIT désigne un nouveau concept destiné à transformer les pratiques pédagogiques concernant l’enseignement de l’optique. Sur une table technique interactive, il permet de placer des composants optiques factices et d’agir sur leurs réglages et de visualiser en temps réel non seulement le phénomène optique résultant mais aussi de bénéficier d'un soutien pédagogique en faisant appel à la réalité augmentée. Nous mettrons l’accent sur la notion de rupture pédagogique qui peut être atteinte avec ce nouveau concept à travers quelques exemples choisis

Prognostic Significance of New Immunohistochemical Markers in Refractory Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Study of 59 Cases

Although most classical Hodgkin lymphoma patients are cured, a significant minority fail after primary therapy and may die as result of their disease. To date, there is no consensus on biological markers that add value to usual parameters (which comprise the International Prognostic Score) used at diagnosis to predict outcome. We evaluated 59 patients (18 with primary refractory or early relapse disease and 41 responders) for bcl2, Ki67, CD20, TiA1 and c-kit expression by semi-quantitative immunohistochemical study and correlated the results with the response to treatment