Imbalanced Lignin Biosynthesis Promotes the Sexual Reproduction of Homothallic Oomycete Pathogens

Lignin is incorporated into plant cell walls to maintain plant architecture and to ensure long-distance water transport. Lignin composition affects the industrial value of plant material for forage, wood and paper production, and biofuel technologies. Industrial demands have resulted in an increase in the use of genetic engineering to modify lignified plant cell wall composition. However, the interaction of the resulting plants with the environment must be analyzed carefully to ensure that there are no undesirable side effects of lignin modification. We show here that Arabidopsis thaliana mutants with impaired 5-hydroxyguaiacyl O-methyltransferase (known as caffeate O-methyltransferase; COMT) function were more susceptible to various bacterial and fungal pathogens. Unexpectedly, asexual sporulation of the downy mildew pathogen, Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis, was impaired on these mutants. Enhanced resistance to downy mildew was not correlated with increased plant defense responses in comt1 mutants but coincided with a higher frequency of oomycete sexual reproduction within mutant tissues. Comt1 mutants but not wild-type Arabidopsis accumulated soluble 2-O-5-hydroxyferuloyl-l-malate. The compound weakened mycelium vigor and promoted sexual oomycete reproduction when applied to a homothallic oomycete in vitro. These findings suggested that the accumulation of 2-O-5-hydroxyferuloyl-l-malate accounted for the observed comt1 mutant phenotypes during the interaction with H. arabidopsidis. Taken together, our study shows that an artificial downregulation of COMT can drastically alter the interaction of a plant with the biotic environment

Establishment of three strategies in degraded areas within organic vineyards and relevance on soil behaviour, vine physiology and yield components

The main objective of this study was to determine the impact of three organic strategies (organic compost, green manure and dry mulching) on soil’s physical behaviour, vine physiology and grapevine quality, from 2015 to 2017, within two vineyards: FF and SD. The degraded areas chosen had significant higher disruption of the soil, lower yield, but also lower quality of the grape. The two-years application of compost improved significantly the soil structure, the nitrogen and hydric status of the vine. The dry mulching and the green manure didn’t have significant impact. The vintage effect must be taken in account as the climatic conditions from 2015 to 2017 were heterogeneous and the vintage 2017 particularly dry. However, the treatment impact is proved by the differences observed between the three strategies in 2017, in comparison to 2015. A hydric model (Vineyard Soil Irrigation Model) was performed for the vintage 2017 within FF, to compare the soil water content between the compost strategy and the degraded area. In that extend, the leaf area index was measured at field and the evapotranspiration was calculated using the model of R. L. Snyder. The VSIM model does not put forwards differences of hydric status between the degraded area and the compost strategy, unlike the field measurements of stem water potential which assessed a higher hydric constraint for the degraded area. Hence, the parameters used to run the model should be improved to distinguish between the different strategie

O ensino, as novas tecnologias e o papel do professor?

Esse artigo tem o objetivo de refletir e problematizar sobre as novas tecnologias oriundas da metade do século XX e a maneira como elas modificam a construção do conhecimento dentro e fora da sala de aula, qual postura deve ter o professor diante de tais tecnologias, sua importância na interpretação e reflexão dessa nova sociabilidade. A incorporação das Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação – TICs – nas práticas pedagógicas possibilita uso de importantes ferramentas que impulsionam a experiência de ensino e aprendizagem. Dão ao professor e ao aluno novas possibilidades no ambiente escolar. A apropriação dessas tecnologias é um direito democrático do aluno ao acesso e expansão de conhecimento. Esse artigo também possui um relatório das atividades desempenhadas na disciplina de Prática de Pesquisa em Educação IV ocorridas durante o estágio supervisionado em sociologia no curso de Ciências Sociais, para habilitação de licenciatura, da Universidade Federal Fluminens

Evaluation du protocole de prise en charge des infections urinaires fébriles aux urgences pédiatriques du CHU de Reims

REIMS-BU Santé (514542104) / SudocSudocFranceF

Collaborations PMI-enseignement supérieur pour l'informatisation de la gestion industrielle des PMI

International audienceLa mise en oeuvre d'une réelle gestion industrielle est significative du changement de statut de l'artisan à l'entreprise industrielle. Cette évolution impose généralement une informatisation intégrée qui révolutionne les habitudes et impose l'informatique comme un outil pour tout le personnel de l'entreprise. Par leur structure et leurs compétences limitées, les PMI doivent faire appel à différentes aides et conseils extérieurs. En complément des interlocuteurs classiques des PMI (services de l'état, des chambres de commerce et d'industrie et des consultants, etc.), les établissements d'enseignement supérieur peuvent apporter une contribution significative. Différents modes de collaboration entre une PMI et un établissement de l'enseignement supérieur sont possibles : expertises des enseignants-chercheurs, stages d'élèves et participation de doctorants. Ils sont illustrés sur différents exemples industriels de Midi-Pyrénées. Ces collaborations permettent de limiter les risques d'échec des projets, d'intégrer des diplômés de l'enseignement supérieur dans des PMI, d'illustrer par des cas industriels les formations, d'ancrer la recherche dans la réalité des PMI. Ces collaborations doivent se développer car elles sont nécessaires, possibles et bénéfiques pour tous

Réactivité en entreprise : une enquête

Nom collectif sur la publication : T. TournesolNational audienceIl semble maintenant bien établi que la réactivité devient un facteur prépondérant de compétitivité des entreprises. De nombreuses recherches visent ainsi à améliorer l'aptitude des ateliers à s'adapter efficacement à des situations nouvelles, prévisibles ou non. L'enquête dont quelques résultats sont décrits dans cette communication vise à mieux cerner la réalité industrielle de la réactivité. Les points de convergence entre recherche et besoins industriels sont décrits, et des besoins exprimés par les industriels mais rarement abordés par les chercheurs sont évoqués

Réactivité en entreprise : une enquête

Nom collectif sur la publication : T. TournesolNational audienceIl semble maintenant bien établi que la réactivité devient un facteur prépondérant de compétitivité des entreprises. De nombreuses recherches visent ainsi à améliorer l'aptitude des ateliers à s'adapter efficacement à des situations nouvelles, prévisibles ou non. L'enquête dont quelques résultats sont décrits dans cette communication vise à mieux cerner la réalité industrielle de la réactivité. Les points de convergence entre recherche et besoins industriels sont décrits, et des besoins exprimés par les industriels mais rarement abordés par les chercheurs sont évoqués

Generation of human induced pluripotent stem cell lines from four unrelated healthy control donors carrying European genetic background

International audienceFour human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) lines have been generated from healthy control European donors, and validated. This resource represents a useful tool for stem cell-based research, as references for developmental studies and disease modeling linked to any type of human tissue and organ, in an ethnical-, sex- and age-matched context. They providea reliable in-vitro model for single cell- and tissue-based investigations, and are also a valuable tool for genome editing-based studies

Facteurs hydrodynamiques.

International audienc