Formal total synthesis of pseudopteroxale : progress toward total synthesis of hamigeran B

Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on May 21, 2012).The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file.Dissertation advisor: Dr. Michael HarmataVita."July 2011"In the first chapter, a formal total synthesis of pseudopteroxazole is presented, highlightening an E-selective Horner-Emmons reaction, a Buchwald-Hartwig coupling, and a diastereoselective intramolecular Michael addition. In the second chapter, the effort toward synthesizing anti-viral natural product hamigeran B is summarized. Several routes to the core structure were shown separately, including those unexpected discoveries when pursuing those routes. Tius-Nazarov cyclization was first applied in synthesizing natural product; an efficient palladiumcatalyzed oxidative intramolecular carbocyclization was realized on an α-hydroxy enone for the first time; an interrupted Nazarov cyclization of a hydrolysis intermediate of dithiane was achieved.Includes bibliographical reference

SAR-NeRF: Neural Radiance Fields for Synthetic Aperture Radar Multi-View Representation

SAR images are highly sensitive to observation configurations, and they exhibit significant variations across different viewing angles, making it challenging to represent and learn their anisotropic features. As a result, deep learning methods often generalize poorly across different view angles. Inspired by the concept of neural radiance fields (NeRF), this study combines SAR imaging mechanisms with neural networks to propose a novel NeRF model for SAR image generation. Following the mapping and projection pinciples, a set of SAR images is modeled implicitly as a function of attenuation coefficients and scattering intensities in the 3D imaging space through a differentiable rendering equation. SAR-NeRF is then constructed to learn the distribution of attenuation coefficients and scattering intensities of voxels, where the vectorized form of 3D voxel SAR rendering equation and the sampling relationship between the 3D space voxels and the 2D view ray grids are analytically derived. Through quantitative experiments on various datasets, we thoroughly assess the multi-view representation and generalization capabilities of SAR-NeRF. Additionally, it is found that SAR-NeRF augumented dataset can significantly improve SAR target classification performance under few-shot learning setup, where a 10-type classification accuracy of 91.6\% can be achieved by using only 12 images per class

Targeted aspect based multimodal sentiment analysis:an attention capsule extraction and multi-head fusion network

Multimodal sentiment analysis has currently identified its significance in a variety of domains. For the purpose of sentiment analysis, different aspects of distinguishing modalities, which correspond to one target, are processed and analyzed. In this work, we propose the targeted aspect-based multimodal sentiment analysis (TABMSA) for the first time. Furthermore, an attention capsule extraction and multi-head fusion network (EF-Net) on the task of TABMSA is devised. The multi-head attention (MHA) based network and the ResNet-152 are employed to deal with texts and images, respectively. The integration of MHA and capsule network aims to capture the interaction among the multimodal inputs. In addition to the targeted aspect, the information from the context and the image is also incorporated for sentiment delivered. We evaluate the proposed model on two manually annotated datasets. the experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed model for this new task

The sources and transport pathways of sediment in the northern Ninety-east Ridge of the India Ocean over the last 35000 years

The Ninety-east Ridge (NER) is located in the southern Bay of Bengal in the northeast Indian Ocean and is composed of pelagic and hemipelagic sediments. In addition to contributions from marine biomass, the ridge also contains terrestrially sourced sedimentary material. However, considerable disagreement remains regarding the origin of these terrestrial materials and transport pathways. This paper discusses the collection of seafloor surface sediments and three sediment cores recovered from the northern region of the NER, as well as the analysis of clay minerals, Sr-Nd isotopes, and sediment grain size. The ages of the three core sediments are constrained by AMS 14C dating to better establish the source and transport pathways of the terrestrial materials within NER sediments over the past 35000 years. The research results show that the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is the predominate source of terrigenous sedimentary material in the NER. In the plateau, the crustal materials were weathered and stripped and then transported to the Andaman Sea via the Irrawaddy River. From there, the material was transported westward by monsoon-driven circulation to the northernmost part of the NER before being transported to the south for final deposition. This transport mode has changed little over the past 35000 years. However, during the rapidly changing climate of the Younger Dryas (12.9~11.5 ka BP), there were some variations in the input amount, grain size, and Sr-Nd isotope value of the source material. The above conclusions are significant for re-evaluating the source of terrigenous sediments, the temporal and spatial changes in transport modes, and the sensitivity of the NER to climatic shifts

Tectonic dynamics of the Zhongjiannan Basin in the western South China Sea since the late Miocene

The Zhongjiannan Basin is located west of the South China Sea (SCS) and was affected by the left-lateral strike-slip of the Red River Fault (RRF), the West Edge Fault of the South China Sea (WEFSCS) and the continental rifting of the South China Sea in the early Cenozoic. The Zhongjiannan Basin formed in a strike-pull basin with an S‒N distribution. During the middle Miocene, the sea spreading of the SCS stopped, but the dynamic mechanism of the Zhongjiannan Basin, which controlled the sedimentary and the structural evolution after the late Miocene, remains unclear. In this paper, through the segment interpretation of the latest seismic section in the Zhongjiannan Basin, we conduct a comparative study of the sedimentary structure in the southern and northern Zhongjiannan Basin since the late Miocene. Combined with the regional tectonic dynamics analysis, we propose that the sedimentary and structural evolution of the Zhongjiannan Basin since the late Miocene was mainly controlled by residual magmatic activity in the Southwest Subbasin (SWSB) after expansion stopped, and the compressional structure stress field weakened gradually from south to north. The compressional tectonic stress field from north to south was formed in the northern basin under the dextral strike-slip movement of the RRF. The sedimentary and structural environment was relatively stable in the middle basin. Therefore, the sedimentary-structure evolution of the Zhongjiannan Basin since the late Miocene was controlled by the two different structural stress fields. The above knowledge not only has guiding significance for oil and gas exploration in the Zhongjiannan Basin but also provides a reference for studying the initiation time of dextral strike-slip along the Red River Fault Zone, as well as the junction position between the RRF and the WEFSCS

Dielectric, ferroelectric and magnetic properties of Bi0.78La0.08Sm0.14Fe0.85Ti0.15O3 ceramics prepared at different sintering conditions

Although BiFeO3 (BFO) has attracted great attention due to its special physical properties as a typical single phase multiferroic material, the application is limited due to the formation of impurities, defects and so forth. Herein, we report improved multiferroic properties of Bi0.78La0.08Sm0.14Fe0.85Ti0.15O3 (BLSFTO) ceramics by combination of co-doping and sintering schedule. BLSFTO multiferroic ceramics were prepared by using the conventional solid state reaction method and the effect of sintering time (2, 5, 10, 20 and 30 h) on the structural, dielectric and multiferroic properties was investigated systematically. The result indicates that stable BLSFTO phase with perovskite structure was formed for all the samples. Only some impurities such as Bi2O4 can be observed when the sintering time is longer than 20 h, indicating that the sintering time can induce structural changes in BLSFTO and too long sintering time can remarkably increase the secondary phases. In addition, the frequency dependent dielectric properties show that sintering time has distinct effect on the frequency stability and the relaxation process. The result demonstrates that the enhanced magnetization, improved dielectric and ferroelectric properties may be correlated with the structural transformation, impurities, oxygen vacancies and grain morphology

Approaches to PET Imaging of Glioblastoma

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the deadliest type of brain tumor, affecting approximately three in 100,000 adults annually. Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging provides an important non-invasive method of measuring biochemically specific targets at GBM lesions. These powerful data can characterize tumors, predict treatment effectiveness, and monitor treatment. This review will discuss the PET imaging agents that have already been evaluated in GBM patients so far, and new imaging targets with promise for future use. Previously used PET imaging agents include the tracers for markers of proliferation ([11C]methionine; [18F]fluoro-ethyl-L-tyrosine, [18F]Fluorodopa, [18F]fluoro-thymidine, and [18F]clofarabine), hypoxia sensing ([18F]FMISO, [18F]FET-NIM, [18F]EF5, [18F]HX4, and [64Cu]ATSM), and ligands for inflammation. As cancer therapeutics evolve toward personalized medicine and therapies centered on tumor biomarkers, the development of complimentary selective PET agents can dramatically enhance these efforts. Newer biomarkers for GBM PET imaging are discussed, with some already in use for PET imaging other cancers and neurological disorders. These targets include Sigma 1, Sigma 2, programmed death ligand 1, poly-ADP-ribose polymerase, and isocitrate dehydrogenase. For GBM, these imaging agents come with additional considerations such as blood–brain barrier penetration, quantitative modeling approaches, and nonspecific binding

Total Synthesis of the Terpenoid Buddledone A: 11-Membered Ring-Closing Metathesis

The first total synthesis of buddledone A was accomplished in seven steps from methyl ethyl ketone (MEK). The key step in the sequence featured an 11-membered ring formation by ring-closing metathesis