891 research outputs found
Genetical studies on the interrelationships of certain viruses causing necrosis in the potato
This paper is concerned with a study of the
inheritance of a type of reaction in the potato plants
following infection -by certain viruses.The evidence presented herein seems to offer
a sound basis from which further incursions into potato
genetics may be made with some measure of confidence.
The majority of characters in the cultivated potato
such as leaf shape, pubescence, tuber shape, time of
maturity are quantitative in their expression and
unsuitable for straightforward genetical analysis.
With the simplified biochemical methods now available,
however, it should be possible to analyse the inheritance of tuber colour and most probably other discontinuous characters are to be looked for among the
wild South American potatoes. The possibilities of
the present material are by no means exhausted and
many aspects remain to be worked out. Additionally
it is hoped that an examination of the distribution
of the lethal necrotic genes among the South American
material may lead to interesting results
First Results from the CHARA Array. II. A Description of the Instrument
The CHARA Array is a six 1-m telescope optical/IR interferometric array
located on Mount Wilson California, designed and built by the Center for High
Angular Resolution Astronomy of Georgia State University. In this paper we
describe the main elements of the Array hardware and software control systems
as well as the data reduction methods currently being used. Our plans for
upgrades in the near future are also described
Performance of the Xpert HPV assay in women attending for cervical screening
© 2015 The Authors. Objectives: This study evaluated the Xpert HPV Assay in women attending screening in general practice by comparing Xpert with two established HPV tests, cytology and histology. Methods: A prospective study in women aged 20-60 years attending screening in Bristol, Edinburgh and London using residual Preservcyt cytology samples. Sample order was randomised between Roche cobas4800 and Cepheid Xpert assays with Qiagen hc2 third. Results: 3408 cases were included in the primary analysis. Positivity for Xpert was 19.6%, cobas 19.2% and hc2 19.9% with high concordance (kappa=86.8% vs cobas, 81.55 vs hc2). Xpert, cobas and hc2 showed similar sensitivity (98.7%, 97.5%, 98.7%) for CIN2+. All pairwise comparisons had high concordance (Kappa ≥0.78 with any abnormal cytology. Xpert and hc2 were positive for all cases of ≥moderate dyskaryosis ( N=63)), cobas was negative in two. Histology was available for 172 participants. 79 reported CIN2+, 47 CIN3+. All CIN3+ was positive on Xpert and hc2 and one case negative for cobas. One case of CIN2 was negative for all assays. Conclusions: The performance of Xpert HPV Assay in a general screening population is comparable to established HPV tests. It offers simplicity of testing, flexibility with non-batching of individual samples and rapid turnaround time
Evidence for a three-nucleon-force effect in proton-deuteron elastic scattering
Developments in spin-polarized internal targets for storage rings have
permitted measurements of 197 MeV polarized protons scattering from vector
polarized deuterons. This work presents measurements of the polarization
observables A_y, iT_11, and C_y,y in proton-deuteron elastic scattering. When
compared to calculations with and without three-nucleon forces, the
measurements indicate that three-nucleon forces make a significant contribution
to the observables. This work indicates that three-body forces derived from
static nuclear properties appear to be crucial to the description of dynamical
properties.Comment: 8 pages 2 figures Latex, submitted to Phys. Rev. Letter
Effects of the magnetic moment interaction between nucleons on observables in the 3N continuum
The influence of the magnetic moment interaction of nucleons on
nucleon-deuteron elastic scattering and breakup cross sections and on elastic
scattering polarization observables has been studied. Among the numerous
elastic scattering observables only the vector analyzing powers were found to
show a significant effect, and of opposite sign for the proton-deuteron and
neutron-deuteron systems. This finding results in an even larger discrepancy
than the one previously established between neutron-deuteron data and
theoretical calculations. For the breakup reaction the largest effect was found
for the final-state-interaction cross sections. The consequences of this
observation on previous determinations of the ^1S_0 scattering lengths from
breakup data are discussed.Comment: 24 pages, 6 ps figures, 1 png figur
Eosinophils Are Important for Protection, Immunoregulation and Pathology during Infection with Nematode Microfilariae
Eosinophil responses typify both allergic and parasitic helminth disease. In helminthic disease, the role of eosinophils can be both protective in immune responses and destructive in pathological responses. To investigate whether eosinophils are involved in both protection and pathology during filarial nematode infection, we explored the role of eosinophils and their granule proteins, eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) and major basic protein-1 (MBP-1), during infection with Brugia malayi microfilariae. Using eosinophil-deficient mice (PHIL), we further clarify the role of eosinophils in clearance of microfilariae during primary, but not challenge infection in vivo. Deletion of EPO or MBP-1 alone was insufficient to abrogate parasite clearance suggesting that either these molecules are redundant or eosinophils act indirectly in parasite clearance via augmentation of other protective responses. Absence of eosinophils increased mast cell recruitment, but not other cell types, into the broncho-alveolar lavage fluid during challenge infection. In addition absence of eosinophils or EPO alone, augmented parasite-induced IgE responses, as measured by ELISA, demonstrating that eosinophils are involved in regulation of IgE. Whole body plethysmography indicated that nematode-induced changes in airway physiology were reduced in challenge infection in the absence of eosinophils and also during primary infection in the absence of EPO alone. However lack of eosinophils or MBP-1 actually increased goblet cell mucus production. We did not find any major differences in cytokine responses in the absence of eosinophils, EPO or MBP-1. These results reveal that eosinophils actively participate in regulation of IgE and goblet cell mucus production via granule secretion during nematode-induced pathology and highlight their importance both as effector cells, as damage-inducing cells and as supervisory cells that shape both innate and adaptive immunity
Multi-material additive manufacturing of low sintering temperature Bi2Mo2O9 ceramics with Ag floating electrodes by selective laser burnout
Additive manufacturing (AM) of co-fired low temperature ceramics offers a unique route for fabrication of novel 3D radio frequency (RF) and microwave communication components, embedded electronics and sensors. This paper describes the first-ever direct 3D printing of low temperature co-fired ceramics/floating electrode 3D structures. Slurry-based AM and selective laser burnout (SLB) were used to fabricate bulk dielectric, Bi2Mo2O9 (BMO, sintering temperature = 620–650°C, εr = 38) with silver (Ag) internal floating electrodes. A printable BMO slurry was developed and the SLB optimised to improve edge definition and burn out the binder without damaging the ceramic. The SLB increased the green strength needed for shape retention, produced crack-free parts and prevented Ag leaching into the ceramic during co-firing. The green parts were sintered after SLB in a conventional furnace at 645°C for 4 h and achieved 94.5% density, compressive strength of 4097 MPa, a relative permittivity (εr) of 33.8 and a loss tangent (tan δ) of 0.0004 (8 GHz) for BMO. The feasibility of using SLB followed by a post-printing sintering step to create BMO/Ag 3D structures was thus demonstrated
Three-Nucleon Force Effects in Nucleon Induced Deuteron Breakup: Predictions of Current Models (I)
An extensive study of three-nucleon force effects in the entire phase space
of the nucleon-deuteron breakup process, for energies from above the deuteron
breakup threshold up to 200 MeV, has been performed. 3N Faddeev equations have
been solved rigorously using the modern high precision nucleon-nucleon
potentials AV18, CD Bonn, Nijm I, II and Nijm 93, and also adding 3N forces. We
compare predictions for cross sections and various polarization observables
when NN forces are used alone or when the two pion-exchange Tucson-Melbourne
3NF was combined with each of them. In addition AV18 was combined with the
Urbana IX 3NF and CD Bonn with the TM' 3NF, which is a modified version of the
TM 3NF, more consistent with chiral symmetry. Large but generally model
dependent 3NF effects have been found in certain breakup configurations,
especially at the higher energies, both for cross sections and spin
observables. These results demonstrate the usefulness of the kinematically
complete breakup reaction in testing the proper structure of 3N forces.Comment: 42 pages, 20 ps figures, 2 gif figure
Gene and protein expression of glucose transporter 1 and glucose transporter 3 in human laryngeal cancer—the relationship with regulatory hypoxia-inducible factor-1α expression, tumor invasiveness, and patient prognosis
Increased glucose uptake mediated by glucose
transporters and reliance on glycolysis are common features
of malignant cells. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α supports the
adaptation of hypoxic cells by inducing genes related to
glucose metabolism. The contribution of glucose transporter
(GLUT) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) activity to
tumor behavior and their prognostic value in head and neck
cancers remains unclear. The aim of this study was to examine
the predictive value of GLUT1, GLUT3, and HIF-1α messenger
RNA (mRNA)/protein expression as markers of tumor
aggressiveness and prognosis in laryngeal cancer. The level of
hypoxia/metabolic marker genes was determined in 106 squamous
cell laryngeal cancer (SCC) and 73 noncancerous
matched mucosa (NCM) controls using quantitative realtime
PCR. The related protein levels were analyzed by
Western blot. Positive expression of SLC2A1, SLC2A3, and
HIF-1α genes was noted in 83.9, 82.1, and 71.7 % of SCC
specimens and in 34.4, 59.4, and 62.5 % of laryngeal cancer
samples. Higher levels of mRNA/protein for GLUT1 and
HIF-1α were noted in SCC compared to NCM (p<0.05).
SLC2A1 was found to have a positive relationship with grade,
tumor front grading (TFG) score, and depth and mode of
invasion (p<0.05). SLC2A3 was related to grade and invasion
type (p<0.05). There were also relationships of HIF-1α with
pTNM, TFG scale, invasion depth and mode, tumor recurrences,
and overall survival (p<0.05). In addition, more advanced
tumors were found to be more likely to demonstrate
positive expression of these proteins. In conclusion, the
hypoxia/metabolic markers studied could be used as molecular
markers of tumor invasiveness in laryngeal cancer.This work was supported, in part, by the statutory
fund of the Department of Cytobiochemistry, University of Łódź, Poland
(506/811), and by grant fromtheNational Science Council, Poland (N403
043 32/2326)
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