Light regulation of metabolic pathways in fungi

Light represents a major carrier of information in nature. The molecular machineries translating its electromagnetic energy (photons) into the chemical language of cells transmit vital signals for adjustment of virtually every living organism to its habitat. Fungi react to illumination in various ways, and we found that they initiate considerable adaptations in their metabolic pathways upon growth in light or after perception of a light pulse. Alterations in response to light have predominantly been observed in carotenoid metabolism, polysaccharide and carbohydrate metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, nucleotide and nucleoside metabolism, and in regulation of production of secondary metabolites. Transcription of genes is initiated within minutes, abundance and activity of metabolic enzymes are adjusted, and subsequently, levels of metabolites are altered to cope with the harmful effects of light or to prepare for reproduction, which is dependent on light in many cases. This review aims to give an overview on metabolic pathways impacted by light and to illustrate the physiological significance of light for fungi. We provide a basis for assessment whether a given metabolic pathway might be subject to regulation by light and how these properties can be exploited for improvement of biotechnological processes

A922 Sequential measurement of 1 hour creatinine clearance (1-CRCL) in critically ill patients at risk of acute kidney injury (AKI)

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Circadian oscillator proteins across the kingdoms of life : Structural aspects 06 Biological Sciences 0601 Biochemistry and Cell Biology

Circadian oscillators are networks of biochemical feedback loops that generate 24-hour rhythms and control numerous biological processes in a range of organisms. These periodic rhythms are the result of a complex interplay of interactions among clock components. These components are specific to the organism but share molecular mechanisms that are similar across kingdoms. The elucidation of clock mechanisms in different kingdoms has recently started to attain the level of structural interpretation. A full understanding of these molecular processes requires detailed knowledge, not only of the biochemical and biophysical properties of clock proteins and their interactions, but also the three-dimensional structure of clockwork components. Posttranslational modifications (such as phosphorylation) and protein-protein interactions, have become a central focus of recent research, in particular the complex interactions mediated by the phosphorylation of clock proteins and the formation of multimeric protein complexes that regulate clock genes at transcriptional and translational levels. The three-dimensional structures for the cyanobacterial clock components are well understood, and progress is underway to comprehend the mechanistic details. However, structural recognition of the eukaryotic clock has just begun. This review serves as a primer as the clock communities move towards the exciting realm of structural biology

Ermittlung von Normbereichen gesunder Phonation mittels waveletbasierter Analyse von Phonovibrogrammen

Hintergrund: In Verbindung mit der Hochgeschwindigkeits-Laryngoskopie (HG) ermöglicht das Phonovibrogramm (PVG) eine kompakte Visualisierung der Stimmlippen (SL)-Schwingungsdynamik . Eine neuartige Analyse des PVGs wird durch die Extraktion waveletbasierter Merkmale erreicht . Diese ermöglichen eine exakte Beschreibung der Schwingungseigenschaften wie z.B. des Glottisschlusstyps (GST).Material und Methoden: 107 stimmgesunde Probanden wurden mittels HG laryngoskopiert. Waveletbasierte PVG Merkmale wurden extrahiert und hinsichtlich alters-, geschlechts- und frequenzspezifischer Einflüsse untersucht.Ergebnisse: Durch dieses neu entwickelte Verfahren lassen sich Charakteristika der SL-Dynamik präzise beschreiben. Alters- und geschlechtsspezifische Ausprägungen verschiedener GST konnten identifiziert und Normbereiche gesunder SL-Schwingungen ermittelt werden. Repetitive Untersuchungen ließen frequenzabhängige Veränderung der GST eindeutig identifizieren.Diskussion: Die PVG-Analyse mittels waveletbasierter Merkmale stellt einen neuen Ansatz zur objektiven Charakterisierung der SL-Dynamik dar. Das Verfahren eignet sich zur Ermittlung der Normbereiche gesunder Stimmgebung und zur Identifizierung pathologischer Schwingungseigenschaften

Recent atmospheric warming and retreat of ice shelves on the Antarctic Peninsula

IN 1978 Mercer1 discussed the probable effects of climate warming on the Antarctic Ice Sheet, predicting that one sign of a warming trend in this region would be the retreat of ice shelves on the Antarctic Peninsula. Analyses of 50-year meteorological records have since revealed atmospheric warming on the Antarctic Peninsula2,3, and a number of ice shelves have retreated4–8. Here we present time-series of observations of the areal extent of nine ice shelves on the Antarctic Peninsula, showing that five northerly ones have retreated dramatically in the past fifty years, while those further south show no clear trend. Comparison with airtemperature data shows that the pattern and magnitude of ice-shelf retreat is consistent with the existence of an abrupt thermal limit on iceshelf viability, the isotherm associated with this limit having been driven south by the atmospheric warming. Ice shelves therefore appear to be sensitive indicators of climate change