1,177 research outputs found
Origin and main ramifications of coeliac artery in Cerdocyon thous
Background: Cerdocyon thous is the canid with the greatest geographical coverage in South America. The aim of this study was to describe the origin, skeletopy, length and main branches of the coeliac artery in C. thous. Materials and methods: The dissections were performed on 14 cadavers of adult specimens, 6 males and 8 females, with a rostrosacral length average of 67.00 ± 4.7 cm and 62.09 ± 5.7 cm, respectively. The specimens were collected dead on highways on the banks of the Atlantic Forest (Rio de Janeiro) and the Pampa biome (Rio Grande do Sul) in Brazil. The cadavers were fixed and preserved in a formaldehyde solution until dissection. The coeliac artery was dissected, the length was measured âin situâ and its main branches were recorded. The coeliac artery emerged as a single artery in all dissected animals. Results: The average length of the coeliac artery was 1.43 ± 0.17 cm in males and 1.39 mm ± 0.24 cm in females, with no significant difference in this measurement between sexes. The predominant skeletopy was at the level of the second lumbar vertebra (57.1%), positioned on average 1.43 cm cranially to the cranial mesenteric artery. In most individuals (92.9%), the classic trifurcation was formed: the coeliac artery branched into the hepatic, left gastric, and lienal arteries. Only 1 male animal presented a bifurcation formed between the hepatic artery and a gastrolienal trunk. Conclusions: These anatomical characteristics are similar to those of other species of the Canidae family, possibly due to their phylogenetic proximity
Exploring Interface Sign Ontologies for Web User Interface Design and Evaluation: A User Study
Part 2: Organizational Semiotics and ApplicationsInternational audienceThe aim of this paper is twofold: firstly, to find the set of ontologies (i.e., the set of concepts and skills) presupposed by users when interpreting the meaning of web interface signs (i.e., the smallest elements of web user interfaces), and secondly, to investigate usersâ difficulties in interpreting the meanings of interface signs belonging to different kinds of ontologies. In order to achieve these aims an empirical user study was conducted with 26 test participants. The study data was gathered by semi-structured interviews and questionnaires. Following an empirical research approach, descriptive statistics and qualitative data analysis were used to analyze the data. The study results provide a total of twelve ontologies and reveal the usersâ difficulties in interpreting the meanings of interface signs belonging to different kinds of ontologies
Bone Characteristics Of Broiler Chickens Fed Diets Supplemented With Solanum Glaucophyllum
The aim of this study was to assess the characteristics of the tibiotarsus of male broilers at 21 and 35 days of age. The percentages of collagenous proteins (CP), non-collagenous proteins (NCP), ash, and minerals (calcium, phosphorus, potassium and sodium), as well as weight of dried and defatted tibiotarsus in natura were determined. A total of 648 CobbÂź male broilers were used in a random block design study with 6 treatments, 6 replicates, and 18 birds per experimental unit. The treatments consisted of diet supplementation with 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 ÎŒg of active Vitamin D3 per kg of feed. The birds were weighed at 21 and 35 days of age and one bird per repetition with the mean weight of the experimental unit was slaughtered to collect the tibiotarsus. The organic and mineral composition of the bone was affected by the addition of active Vitamin D3 to the feed. Our results indicate that a dose of up to 1.50 ÎŒg of 1,25(OH)2D3/kg of feed is ideal for male broilers between 8 and 35 days of age.37138139
In Vitro Activity Of Artemisia Annua L (asteraceae) Extracts Against Rhipicephalus (boophilus) Microplus [atividade In Vitro De Extratos De Artemisia Annua L (asteraceae) Sobre Rhipicephalus (boophilus) Microplus]
The activity of plant extracts on parasites may indicate groups of substances that are potentially useful for controlling Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. The aim of the present study was to investigate the in vitro action of Artemisia annua extracts on this tick. The concentrations of the sesquiterpene lactones artemisinin and deoxyartemisinin present in plant extracts were quantified via high-performance liquid chromatography. Four extracts produced from the concentrated crude extract (CCE) were evaluated on larvae using the impregnated paper method, with readings after 24 hours of incubation. The engorged females were immersed in the CCE and in its four derived extracts for five minutes, with incubation for subsequent analysis of biological parameters. The extracts were not effective on the larvae at the concentrations tested (3.1 to 50 mg.mL-1). The CCE showed greater efficacy on engorged females (EC50 of 130.6 mg.mL-1 and EC90 of 302.9 mg.mL-1) than did the derived extracts. These results tend to confirm that the action of artemisinin on engorged females of R. (B.) microplus is conditional to their blood intake. In this case, in vitro methods would be inadequate for effective evaluation of the action of A. annua on R. (B.) microplus.2013135Amaral, N.K., Guidelines for the evaluation of ixodicides against the cattle tick Boophilus microplus (Canestrini, 1887) (Acari: Ixodidae) (1993) Revista Brasileira De Parasitologia VeterinĂĄria, 2 (2), pp. 144-151(2009) AnuĂĄrio Da PecuĂĄria Brasileira, p. 360. , ANUALPEC, Sao Paulo: Angra FNP PesquisasBorges, L.M.F., Acao do extrato hexanico de frutos maduros de Melia azedarach (Meliaceae) sobre Boophilus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) em bezerros infestados artificialmente (2005) Revista De Patologia Tropical, 34 (1), pp. 53-59Cala, A.C., (2010) Avaliação Da Atividade De Artemisia Annua L., Melia Azedarach L. E Trichilia Claussenii C. Sobre NematĂłdeos Gastrintestinais De Ovinos, p. 64. , Dissertacao (Mestrado)- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciencias Agrarias e Veterinarias, JaboticabalCeleghini, R.M.S., Desenvolvimento e validacao de metodologia analitica por CLAE-IR para determinacao de artemisinina em Artemisia annua L (2009) QuĂmica Nova, 32 (4), pp. 875-878Chagas, A.C.S., Efeito acaricida de oleos essenciais e concentrados emulsionaveis de Eucalyptus em Boophilus microplus (2002) Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science, 39 (5), pp. 247-253Chagas, A.C.S., Sensibilidade do carrapato Boophilus microplus a solventes (2003) CiĂȘncia Rural, 33 (1), pp. 109-114Creek, D.J., Kinetics of ironmediated artemisinin degradation:Effect of solvent composition and iron salt (2005) Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 94 (8), pp. 1820-1829Drummond, R.O., Boophilus annulatus and B. Microplus: Laboratory tests of insecticides (1973) Journal of Economic Entomology, 66 (1), pp. 130-133Ekanem, A.P., Brisibe, E.A., Effects of ethanol extract of Artemisia annua L. Against monogenean parasites of Heterobranchus longifilis (2010) Parasitology Research, 106 (5), pp. 1135-1139Fernandes, F.F., Freitas, E.P.S., Acaricidal activity of an oleoresinous extract from Copaifera reticulata (Leguminosae: Caesalpinioideae against larvae of the southern cattle tick, Riphicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari:Ixodidae) (2007) Veterinary Parasitology, 147 (1-2), pp. 150-154Ferreira, J.F.S., Agrotechnological aspects of the anti-malarial plant Artemisia annua and its potential use in animal health in Appalachia (2006) International Symposium on Perfume, Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, (2-4), pp. 797-804. , Revue de Regions Arides - Numero special - Actes du seminaire international les Plants a Parfum, Aromatiques et Medicinales (English version: International Center for Agricultural Research in Dry AreasFerreira, J.F.S., Nutrient Deficiency in the Production of Artemisinin, Dihydroartemisinic Acid, and Artemisinic Acid in Artemisia annua L (2007) Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 55 (5), pp. 1686-1694Ferreira, J.F.S., Gonzalez, J.M., Chemical and biological stability of artemisinin in bovine rumen fluid and its kinetics in goats (Capra hircus) (2008) Revista Brasileira De Parasitologia VeterinĂĄria, 17 (SUPPL. 1), pp. 103-109Furlong, J., O carrapato dos bovinos e a resistencia: Temos o que comemorar? (2007) A Hora VeterinĂĄria, 159, pp. 26-32Grisi, L., Impacto economico das principais ectoparasitoses em bovinos no Brasil (2002) A Hora VeterinĂĄria, 21 (125), pp. 8-10Heimerdinger, A., Extrato alcoolico de Capim-cidreira (Cymbopogon citratus) no controle do Boophilus microplus em bovinos (2006) Revista Brasileira De Parasitologia VeterinĂĄria, 15 (1), pp. 37-39Idris, U.A., Adam, S.E., Tartour, G., The anthelmintic efficacy of Artemisia herba-alba against Haemonchus contortus infection in goats (1982) Animal Health Quarterly, 22 (3), pp. 138-143Iqbal, Z., Anthelmintic activity of Artemisia brevifolia in sheep (2004) Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 93 (2), pp. 265-268Keiser, J., Artesunate and artemether are effective fasciolicides in the rat model and in vitro (2006) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 57 (6), pp. 1139-1145Keiser, J., Efficacy and safety of artemether against a natural Fasciola hepatica infection in sheep (2008) Parasitology Research, 103 (3), pp. 517-522Keiser, J., Utzinger, J., Food-borne trematodiasis: Current chemotherapy and advances with artemisinins and synthetic trioxolanes (2007) Trends In Parasitology, 23 (11), pp. 555-562Klayman, D.L., Qinghaosu (Artemisinin): Na antimalarial drug from China (1985) Science, 228 (4703), pp. 1049-1055La-Scalea, M.A., Silva, H.S.R.C., Ferreira, E., Reducao voltametrica de artemisinina e sua interacao com grupo heme (hemina) (2007) Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 43 (3), pp. 371-383Martins, R.M., Estudio in vitro de la accion acaricida del aceite esencial de la graminea Citronela de Java (Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt) en la garrapata Boophilus microplus (2006) Revista Brasileira De Plantas Medicinais De Botucatu, 8 (2), pp. 71-78Meshnick, S.R., Second-generation antimamalarial endoperoxides (1996) Parasitology Today, 12 (2), pp. 79-82Ribeiro, V.L.S., Acaricidal properties of extracts from the aerial parts of Hypericum polyanthemum on the cattle tick Boophilus microplus (2007) Veterinary Parasitology, 147 (1-2), pp. 199-203Rodrigues, R.A.F., Otimizacao do processo de extracao e isolamento do antimalarico artemisinina a partir de Artemisia annua L (2006) QuĂmica Nova, 29 (2), pp. 368-372Silva, H.S.R.C., (2006) AntimalĂĄricos Potenciais: PrĂł-fĂĄrmacos PolimĂ©ricos E Formas De Liberação Controlada De Artemisinina, p. 209. , Tese (Doutorado)-Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao PauloSimoes, C.M., (2004) Farmacognosia: Da Planta Ao Medicamento, p. 1102. , 5. ed. Porto Alegre: Editora da UFRGSFlorianopolis: Editora da UFSCTaranto, A.G., Estudo sobre o mecanismo de acao da artemisinina e dos endoperoxidos, a mais nova classe de agents antimalaricos (2006) Sitientibus, 34, pp. 47-58Tariq, K.A., Anthelmintic activity of extracts of Artemisia absinthium against ovine nematodes (2009) Veterinary Parasitology, 160 (1-2), pp. 83-8
Maximally-localized Wannier functions for entangled energy bands
We present a method for obtaining well-localized Wannier-like functions (WFs)
for energy bands that are attached to or mixed with other bands. The present
scheme removes the limitation of the usual maximally-localized WFs method (N.
Marzari and D. Vanderbilt, Phys. Rev. B 56, 12847 (1997)) that the bands of
interest should form an isolated group, separated by gaps from higher and lower
bands everywhere in the Brillouin zone. An energy window encompassing N bands
of interest is specified by the user, and the algorithm then proceeds to
disentangle these from the remaining bands inside the window by filtering out
an optimally connected N-dimensional subspace. This is achieved by minimizing a
functional that measures the subspace dispersion across the Brillouin zone. The
maximally-localized WFs for the optimal subspace are then obtained via the
algorithm of Marzari and Vanderbilt. The method, which functions as a
postprocessing step using the output of conventional electronic-structure
codes, is applied to the s and d bands of copper, and to the valence and
low-lying conduction bands of silicon. For the low-lying nearly-free-electron
bands of copper we find WFs which are centered at the tetrahedral interstitial
sites, suggesting an alternative tight-binding parametrization.Comment: 13 pages, with 9 postscript figures embedded. Uses REVTEX and epsf
macro
Magnesium metallic complex coordinated phenolic used for inhibitor of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in biological system
Magnesium metallic complex coordinated phenolic used for inhibitor of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in biological system
Neonatal screening for cystic fibrosis in SĂŁo Paulo State, Brazil : a pilot study
Cystic fibrosis is one of the most common autosomal recessive hereditary diseases in the Caucasian population, with an incidence of 1:2000 to 1:3500 liveborns. More than 1000 mutations have been described with the most common being F508del. It has a prevalence of 23-55% within the Brazilian population. The lack of population-based studies evaluating the incidence of cystic fibrosis in SĂŁo Paulo State, Brazil, and an analysis concerning the costs of implantation of a screening program motivated the present study. A total of 60,000 dried blood samples from Guthrie cards obtained from April 2005 to January 2006 for neonatal screening at 4 reference centers in SĂŁo Paulo State were analyzed. The immunoreactive trypsinogen (IRT)/IRT protocol was used with the cut-off value being 70 ng/mL. A total of 532 children (0.9%) showed IRT >70 ng/mL and a 2nd sample was collected from 418 (80.3%) of these patients. Four affected children were detected at two centers, corresponding to an incidence of 1:8403. The average age at diagnosis was 69 days, and 3 of the children already showed severe symptoms of the disease. The rate of false-positive results was 95.2% and the positive predictive value for the test was 8%. The cost of detecting an affected subject was approximately US$8,000.00 when this cystic fibrosis program was added to an existing neonatal screening program. The present study clearly shows the difficulties involved in cystic fibrosis screening using the IRT/IRT protocol, particularly in a population with no long-term tradition of neonatal screening421
Serum Lipid Profile Of Broilers Fed Diets With Inclusion Of Mango Waste Meal
We evaluated the effect of including 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0% mango waste meal (MWM) variety UBA in corn and soybean meal-based diet son the serum lipid profile of broilers. The experimental design was completely randomized, with five treatments and six replicates with 20 birds per experimental unit. Concentrations of creatinine, albumin, total protein, total cholesterol, triacylglycerols (TAG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), were evaluated at the ages of 14, 28 and 42 days, with 30 birds evaluated per age. At 14 days, there was no difference serum creatinine, total cholesterol, HDL, triacylglycerols, total proteins or VLDL-C concentrations as compared with control. Albumin concentration was the highest at the MWM inclusion levels of 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0%. At 28 days, triacylglycerols, VLDL-C and LDL-C were the lowestat 7.5% inclusion whereas at 42 days, these same variables were the lowest with addition of 10.0% meal. At 14, 28 and 42 days of age, the VLDL-C, LDL-C and total TAG contents were found to decrease at mango waste meal inclusion levels of 5.0 and 7.5% in the diets, which maybe considered an indicator of improvements in the metabolic conditions of broilers.3753327333
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