7 research outputs found
Influence of dietary Chlorella vulgaris and carbohydrate-active enzymes on growth performance, meat quality and lipid composition of broiler chickens
Article in pressHerein, we investigated the effect of
Chlorella vulgaris as ingredient (10% of incorporation) in
broiler diets, supplemented or not with 2 formulations of
Carbohydrate-Active enZymes (CAZymes; Rovabio
Excel AP and a mixture of recombinant CAZymes,
composed by an exo-b-glucosaminidase, an alginate
lyase, a peptidoglycan N-acetylmuramic acid deacetylase
and a lysozyme), on growth performance, meat quality,
fatty acid composition, oxidative stability, and sensory
traits. One hundred twenty 1-day-old Ross 308 male birds
were randomly assigned to one of the 4 experimental diets
(n 5 30): corn-soybean meal–basal diet (control), basal
diet with 10% C. vulgaris (CV), CV supplemented with
0.005% of a commercialCAZymecocktail (Rovabio Excel
AP), (CV1R), and CV supplemented with 0.01% of a 4-
CAZyme mixture previously selected (CV 1 M) during
the experimental period lasted from day 21 to day 35.
Body weight gain and feed conversion rate of broilers were
not affected by C. vulgaris but digesta viscosity increased more than 2-fold (P , 0.001) relative to the control. In
addition, neither cooking loss, shear force, juiciness, flavor
nor off-flavor was impaired by dietary treatments
(P.0.05). By contrast, the dietary C. vulgaris increased
tenderness, yellowness (b*) and total carotenoids in
breast and thigh meats. However, no additional protective
effect against lipid oxidation was observed in meat
with the inclusion of microalga. Chlorella vulgaris, independently
of CAZymes, had a minor impact on meat fatty
acid composition but improved the proportion of some
beneficial fatty acids. In summary, our data indicate a
slight improvement of broiler meat quality and lipid
nutritional value, without impairment of broilers’ growth
performance, thus supporting the usefulness of this
microalga in poultry diets, up to this high level of incorporation.
By contrast, the selected CAZyme mixtures
used do not significantly improve the release of microalga
nutrients in poultry diets, through the disruption of
microalga cell wall, which warrants further researchinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio
Impact of dietary incorporation of Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) and exogenous enzymes on broiler performance, carcass traits and meat quality
This study assessed the effect of Spirulina
(Arthrospira platensis), individually and in combination
with exogenous enzymes, on growth
performance, carcass traits, and meat quality of broiler
chickens. One hundred and twenty Ross 308 male
chickens were allocated into 40 battery brooders, with 3
birds per cage, and fed ad libitum a corn-based diet
during the first 21 D of the trial. The experimental period
lasted from day 21 to 35, during which birds were fed 4
different diets: a corn-soybean basal diet, taken as the
control group, a basal diet containing 15% Spirulina
(MA), a basal diet containing 15% Spirulina plus 0.005%
Rovabio Excel AP (MAR), and a basal diet containing
15% Spirulina plus 0.01% lysozyme (MAL). Body weight
gain (P , 0.001) and feed conversion rate (P , 0.001)
were improved in control chickens, when compared with
those fed with Spirulina. In addition, Spirulina increased
the length of duodenum plus jejunum in relation to the
other treatment (P , 0.01). Chickens on the MAL diet showed a considerable increase in digesta viscosity
(P , 0.05) compared with the control group. Breast and
thigh meats from chickens fed with Spirulina, with or
without the addition of exogenous enzymes, had higher
values of yellowness (b*) (P , 0.001), total carotenoids
(P , 0.001), and saturated fatty acids (P , 0.001),
whereas n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (P , 0.01) and
a-tocopherol (P , 0.001) decreased, when compared
with the control. In conclusion, the incorporation of 15%
Spirulina in broiler diets, individually or combined with
exogenous enzymes, reduced birds’ performance through
a higher digesta viscosity, which is likely associated with
the gelation of microalga indigestible proteins. In addition,
cell wall of Spirulina was successfully broken by the
addition of lysozyme, but not by Rovabio Excel AP.
Therefore, we anticipate that the combination of lysozyme
with an exogenous specific peptidase could improve
the digestibility of proteins from this microalga and
avoid their detrimental gelationinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Biogenic amines formation on light and dark colour turkey meat stored at 0ºC
XVIII European Symposium on the Quality of Poultry Meat. XII European Symposium on the Quality of Eggs and Egg Products.Simpósio. Praga, República Checa, 2 – 5 Setembro 200
Serum adipokine profile and fatty acid composition of adipose tissues are affected by conjugated linoleic acid and saturated fat diets in obese Zucker rats
Funding: The authors acknowledge Clinica Médica e Diagnóstico Dr Joaquim Chaves (Alge´s, Portugal) for the technical assistance regarding the serum lipids determination. The present study was supported by FCT POCTI/CVT/2002/44 750 and PTDC/CVT/2006/66 114 grants. S. V. M., P. A. L. and S. P. A. are the recipients of FCT individual fellowships SFRH/BD/2005/2256, SFRH/BPD/2005/23 931 and SFRH/ BD/2007/37 793, respectively. S. V. M., P. A. L. and C. M. A. performed the animal experiment, tissue sampling, laboratory work and prepared the manuscript. P. O. R. was responsible for Luminex xMAP analysis. S. P. A. and R. J. B. B. were responsible for fatty acid analysis. R. M. A. P. performed the biochemistry serum profile. S. V. M. and R. J. B. B. performed the statistical analysis. M. F. C. and J. A. M. P. were responsible for interpretation of the results, preparation of the manuscript and design of the study.Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has been reported as having body fat lowering properties and the ability to modulate the inflammatory system in several models. In the present study, the effects of CLA added to saturated fat diets, from vegetable and animal origins, on the serum adipokine profile of obese Zucker rats were assessed. In addition, the fatty acid composition of epididymal and retroperitoneal adipose tissues was determined and a principal component analysis (PCA) was used to assess possible relationships between fatty acids and serum metabolites. Atherogenic diets (2% cholesterol) were formulated with palm oil and ovine fat and supplemented or not with 1% of a mixture (1:1) of cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12-CLA isomers. CLA-fed animals exhibited lower daily feed intake, final body and liver weights, and hepatic lipids content. Total and LDL-cholesterol levels were increased in CLA-supplemented groups. CLA also promoted higher adiponectin and lower plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) serum concentrations. In contrast to palm oil diets, ovine fat increased insulin resistance and serum levels of leptin, TNF-α and IL-1β. Epididymal and retroperitoneal adipose tissues had similar deposition of individual fatty acids. The PCA analysis showed that the trans-10, cis-12-CLA isomer was highly associated with adiponectin and PAI-1 levels. Summing up, CLA added to vegetable saturated enriched diets, relative to those from animal origin, seems to improve the serum profile of adipokines and inflammatory markers in obese Zucker rats due to a more favourable fatty acid composition. © 2009 The Authors.publishersversionpublishe