Improvement Of A Beam-bending Viscosimeter For Fast Measurement

The beam-bending method is very useful for the viscosity determination of glasses, but the time spent to run the measurement is usually very long. The present note describes the performance of an improved beam-bending viscosimeter at the support stand and loading rod to get the faster measurements of high viscosity glasses with better reliability and precision. The testing time was reduced from 8 to less than 4 hours to run one measurement at three different temperatures (1100, 1200, and 1300°C), with the precision of almost one order of magnitude better (±0.01 for 1g η in poise).6593028302

Hybrid Optical Fiber Sensor And Artificial Neural Networks System For Bioethanol Quality Control And Productivity Enhancement

Bioethanol is produced by bio-chemical process that converts sugar or biomass feedstock into ethanol. After bio-chemical process, the solution is distilled under controlled conditions of pressure and temperature, in order to obtain an ethanol-water solution. However, the ethanol concentration analysis is generally performed off-line and, sometimes, a re-distillation process becomes necessary. In this research, an optical apparatus based on Fresnel reflection has been used in combination with artificial neural networks for determination of bioethanol concentration in hydro-alcoholic solution at any temperature. The volumetric concentration and temperature effect was investigated. This intelligent system can effectively detect and update in real-time the correction of distillation parameters to reduce losses of bioethanol and also to improve the quality in a production plant.7004Buggy, S.J., Murphy, R.P., James, S.W., Tatam, R.P., Cure monitoring of a UV cured epoxy resin using a long period grating Mach-Zehnder interferometer (2007) Proceedings of SPIE, 6619, pp. 66190VChehura, E., James, S.W., Tatam, R.P., Simultaneous, independent measurement of temperature and strain using a tilted fibre Bragg grating (2007) Proceedings of SPIE, 6619, pp. 66190IChong, J.H., Shum, P., Haryono, H., Yohana, A., Rao, M.K., Lu, C., Zhu, Y., Measurements of refractive index sensitivity using long-period grating refractometer (2004) Optics Communications, 229, pp. 65-69Su, H., Huang, X.G., Fresnel-reflection-based fiber sensor for on-line measurement of solute concentration in solutions (2007) Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 126 (2), pp. 579-582Meneghini, C., Caron, S., Proulx, A., Émond, F., Paradis, P., Paré, C., Fougères, A., Ethanol concentration measurement by Raman spectroscopy in liquid-core microstructured optical fiber (2007) Proceedings of SPIE, 6619, pp. 66191ULiang, W., Huang, Y., Xu, Y., Lee, R.K., Yariv, A., Highly sensitive fiber Bragg grating refractive index sensors (2005) Appl. Phys. Lett, 86, p. 151122Kheshgi, H.S., Prince, R.C., Sequestration of fermentation CO2 from ethanol production (2005) Energy, 30, pp. 1865-1871Olsson, L., Hahn-Hagerdal, B., Fermentation of lignocellulosic hydrolysates for ethanol production (1996) Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 18, pp. 312-331Natural Gas and Biofuel, ANP Resolution, (36 BRand 2005). , www.anp.gov, National Agency of PetroleumTakeishi, R.T., Gusken, E., de Souza, H.G.E., Meirelles, B.M., Suzuki, C.K., Study of the temperature effects in the alcohol-gasoline blend ratio determined by optical sensor (2007) 4th Brazilian Conference of R&D in Petroleum and Gas, , Proceedings, Campinas-SP, CD-RomBishop, C.M., (1995) Neural Networks for Pattern Recognition, , Oxford: Oxford University PressChen, S., Billings, S.A., Neural networks for nonlinear dynamic system modelling and identification (1992) International Journal of Control, 56 (2), pp. 319-346Dempsey, G.L., Alt, N.L., Olson, B.A., Alig, J.S., Control sensor linearization using a microcontroller-based neuralnetwork (1997) IEEE Intern. Conf. on Computational Cybernetics and Simulation, 4 (12-15), pp. 3078-3083. , PPLin, T.K., Chang, K.C., Lin, Y.B., Active Control with Optical Fiber Sensors and Neural Networks. II: Experimental Verification (2006) Journal of Structural Engineering, 132 (8), pp. 1304-1313Lin, T.K., Chang, K.C., Chung, L.L., Lin, Y.B., Active Control with Optical Fiber Sensors and Neural Networks. I: Theoretical Analysis (2006) Journal of Structural Engineering, 132 (8), pp. 1293-1303Rumelhart, D.E., Hinton, G., Willians, R., Learning Representation by Back-Propagation Errors (1986) Parallel Distributed Processing, 323 (9), pp. 533-536Kolodner, P., Williams, H., Moe, C., Optical measurement of the soret coefficient of ethanol/water solutions (1988) J. Chem. Phys, 88 (10), pp. 6512-6524Pan, S., Saghir, M.Z., Kawaji, M., Jiang, C.G., Yan, Y., Theoretical approach to evaluate thermodiffusion in aqueous alkanol solutions (2007) J. of Chemical Physics, 126, p. 014502González-Salgado, D., Nezbeda, I., Excess properties of aqueous mixtures of methanol: Simulation versus experiment (2006) Fluid Phase Equilibria, 240 (2), pp. 161-166. , PPPandey, J.D., Vyas, V., Jain, P., Dubey, G.P., Tripathi, N., Dey, R., Speed of sound, viscosity and R.I. of multicomponent systems: Theoretical predictions from the properties of pure components (1999) J. of Mol. Liq, 81, pp. 123-133C. K.Suzuki, E. Gusken, A. C. Mercado, E. Fujiwara, E. Ono, Fiber Optics Sensing System For Liquid Fuels, INPI Patent, Prot. 018070050521, 200

A Uniformly Cleaved Epitaxically Grown Diamond Crystal For Synchrotron Radiation

A homoepitaxic single-crystal diamond (111) film grown by microwave-assisted chemical vapour deposition (CVD) and fractured along the [110] directions to form small triangles was investigated by X-ray double-crystal topography. The X-ray topographic image showed that all parts of the cleaved CVD diamond film sections uniformly reflected X-rays at the peak position of the rocking curve, which was measured in the Bragg case. Furthermore, no bending effect was observed and the CVD diamond film appeared to be more perfect than and showed higher integrated intensity than the natural diamond substrate.53654656Als-Nielsen, J., Freund, A.K., Grubel, G., Linderholm, J., Nielsen, M., Sanchez Del Rio, M., Sellschop, J.P.F., (1994) Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., B94, pp. 306-318Bilderback, D.H., (1986) Nucl. Instrum. Methods, A246, pp. 434-436Blasdell, R.C., Assoufid, L.A., Mills, D.M., (1990) A Diamond Monochromator for APS Undulator-A Beamlines, , Report ANL/APS/ TB-24. Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, USACullity, B.D., (1978) Elements of X-ray Diffraction, , ch. 9. Reading, MA: Addison-WesleyDeschamps, P., Engstrom, P., Fiedler, S., Riekel, C., Wakatsuki, S., Hoghoj, P., Ziegler, E., (1995) J. Synchrotron Rad., 2, pp. 124-131Floter, A., Guttler, H., Schulz, G., Steinbach, D., Zachai, R., Bermaier, A., Dollinger, G., (1998) Diam. Relat. Mater., 7, pp. 283-288Freund, A.K., (1995) Opt. Eng., 34, pp. 432-440Geis, M.W., Smith, H.I., Argoitia, A., Angus, J., Ma, G.-H.M., Glass, J.T., Butler, J., Pryor, R., (1991) Appl. Phys. Lett., 58 (22), pp. 2485-2487Ishikawa, T., (1998) SRI'97 Meeting, , Abstract 5MO2Jiang, X., Klages, C.-P., Zachai, R., Hartweg, M., Fusser, H.-J., (1993) Appl. Phys. Lett., 62 (26), pp. 3438-3440Kamo, M., Yurimoto, H., Sato, Y., (1988) Appl. Surf. Sci., 33-34, pp. 553-560Keating, D.T., Warren, B.E., (1952) J. Appl. Phys., 23 (10), pp. 519-522Marot, G., (1995) Opt. Eng., 34, pp. 426-431Mills, D.M., (1997) J. Synchrotron Rad., 4, pp. 117-124Nakazawa, H., Kanazawa, Y., Kamo, M., Osumi, K., (1987) Thin Solid Films, 151, pp. 199-206Posthill, J.B., Malta, D.P., Hudson, G.C., Thomas, R.E., Humphreys, T.P., Hendry, R.C., Rudder, R.A., Markunas, R.J., (1995) Thin Solid Films, 271, pp. 39-49Rehn, V., (1985) SPIE J, 582, pp. 238-250Smither, R.K., (1990) Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., A291, pp. 286-299Suzuki, C.K., Shinohara, A.H., Godoy, P.H., Watanabe, N., Kamo, M., (1998) Diam. Relat. Mater., 7, pp. 289-292Tarutani, M., Takai, Y., Shimizu, R., Ando, T., Kamo, M., Bando, Y., (1996) Appl. Phys. Lett., 68 (15), pp. 2070-2072Warren, B.E., (1941) J. Appl. Phys., 12, pp. 375-383Yamamoto, M., Kumasaka, T., Fujisawa, T., Ueki, T., (1998) J. Synchrotron Rad., 5, pp. 222-225Yamaoka, H., Ohtomo, K., Ishikawa, T., (1995) Rev. Sci. Instrum., 66 (2), pp. 2116-211

Synthesis and microstructure of powder and porous ZrO{sub 2} from hydrolysis process

Powder and porous ceramics of ZrO{sub 2} are useful as starting materials for composites, catalytic supports, and absorbates. ZrO{sub 2} is, in practice, used as promoter composition in automotive catalyst. Hydrolysis results in advantage on possible control of primary particle size and its dispersion/aggregate state. This study focuses on crystal structure, microstructure, and porous structure in powder and porous ceramics of ZrO{sub 2}. The agglomeration reaction was controlled by pH in a solution resulting from hydrolysis of aqueous ZrOCl{sub 2}. We used neutron diffraction, small angle neutron scattering, and BET adsorption. Results clarify some factors in the well-controlled processing using hydrolysis for porous ZrO{sub 2} ceramics

In-Plane Magnetic Anisotropy In RF Sputtered Fe-N Thin Films

We have fabricated Fe(N) thin films with varied N2 partial pressure and studied the microstructure, morphology, magnetic properties and resistivity by using X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, vibrating-sample magnetometer and angle-resolved M-H hysteresis Loop tracer and standard four-point probe method. In the presence of low N2 partial pressure, Fe(N) films showed a basic bcc a-Fe structure with a preferred (110) texture. A variation of in-plane magnetic anisotropy of the Fe(N) films was observed with the changing of N component. The evolution of in-plane anisotropy in the films was attributed to the directional order mechanism. Nitrogen atoms play an important role in refining the a-Fe grains and inducing uniaxial anisotropy.Comment: 11 pages, 6 figure

Tracking Performance of the Scintillating Fiber Detector in the K2K Experiment

The K2K long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment uses a Scintillating Fiber Detector (SciFi) to reconstruct charged particles produced in neutrino interactions in the near detector. We describe the track reconstruction algorithm and the performance of the SciFi after three years of operation.Comment: 24pages,18 figures, and 1 table. Preprint submitted to NI

Critical properties of 1-D spin 1/2 antiferromagnetic Heisenberg model

We discuss numerical results for the 1-D spin 1/2 antiferromagnetic Heisenberg model with next-to-nearest neighbour coupling and in the presence of an uniform magnetic field. The model develops zero frequency excitations at field dependent soft mode momenta. We compute critical quantities from finite size dependence of static structure factors.Comment: talk given by H. Kr{\"o}ger at Heraeus Seminar Theory of Spin Lattices and Lattice Gauge Models, Bad Honnef (1996), 20 pages, LaTeX + 18 figures, P

A radium assay technique using hydrous titanium oxide adsorbent for the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory

As photodisintegration of deuterons mimics the disintegration of deuterons by neutrinos, the accurate measurement of the radioactivity from thorium and uranium decay chains in the heavy water in the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (SNO) is essential for the determination of the total solar neutrino flux. A radium assay technique of the required sensitivity is described that uses hydrous titanium oxide adsorbent on a filtration membrane together with a beta-alpha delayed coincidence counting system. For a 200 tonne assay the detection limit for 232Th is a concentration of 3 x 10^(-16) g Th/g water and for 238U of 3 x 10^(-16) g U/g water. Results of assays of both the heavy and light water carried out during the first two years of data collection of SNO are presented.Comment: 12 pages, 4 figure