Analysis of rainfall data for storage and irrigation planning in humid south-eastern plain of Rajasthan in India

A study was carried out to analyze the rainfall data for storage and irrigation planning under humid south-eastern region of Rajasthan using a time series record for 32-year (1980-2011) periods. It was observed that most of the years under observation were having adequate rainfall for all round the year crop production provided the water were collected during the rainy season. The area received 921.5 mm annual rainfall out of which 92% occurred during southwest monsoon (June-September) season. Of the total study period of 32 years, 19% were drought years, 66% were normal years and the remaining 15% were the abnormal years. The annual rainfall during the period showed negative trend (-6.955 mm/year). It showed decreasing trend (-7.782 mm/year) during the month of August and positive trends with 0.864, 3.909 and 1.192 mm/year, respectively, during month of June, July and September. The analysis generally showed that water deficit appeared during the period of November up till May and rain water was excess during the period of June up till September. During these months, rain water can be stored with the help of rainfall harvesting system. If only 50% of total rain water is collected, it forms approximately 44.16 lacs litres of water on a unit hectare basis of land. This rainfall water will be adequate for all rounds the year crop production with conservation of rain water and judicious use of rain water resources

Effects of different doses of nitrogen treatments on isoprene emission from Ficus glomerata

In the present investigation on the effect of nitrogen treatments on emission of isoprene from Ficus glomerata has been evaluated. Four sets of plants were treated with following four doses of nitrogen in the form of ammonium nitrate solution (i) 10 mM (ii) 50 mM (iii) 100 mM (iv) 200 (mM) and control set was designed without any treatment. Nitrogen treated as well as control plants were sampled for isoprene emission using a dynamic flow through enclosure chamber technique and samples were analysed with the help of GC-FID. Isoprene emissions from control, 10 mM, 50 mM, 100 mM, and 200 mM nitrogen treated plants were found to be 27.5 ± 4 ?gg-1h-1, 56 ± 6 ?gg-1h-1, 91 ± 11 ?gg-1h-1, 101 ± 10 ?gg-1h-1, and 15 ± 4 ?gg-1h-1 respectively. Lowest isoprene emission (15 ± 4 ?gg-1h-1) was noticed in plants treated with 200 mM nitrogen. Isoprene emissions were found to increase exponentially in plants treated with nitrogen up to 100 mM. Nevertheless, plants treated with 200 mM nitrogen exhibited decrease in emission by 46 per cent, probably on account of nitrite toxicity and reduction in soil pH at high nitrogen dose

Histopathological alterations in brains of rabies infected buffaloes and cattle

The quantitative study of histopathological alterations in the nervous tissues of 47 rabid buffaloes and 23 rabid cattle, it was found that there were certain similarities and significant differences in the histopathological alterations in various nervous tissues of these two species - that were often over looked. Whereas there was significant detection of Negri bodies in cerebellum both in cattle (91.3%) as well as in buffaloes (85.1%), however, in case of cerebrum, significant presence of Negri bodies was found only in buffaloes (65.95%) than in cattle (13.0%). Thus, in case of non-availability of cerebellum, Negri body detection could be attempted only in buffalo while it would not be reliable approach in cattle. However, reactive inflammatory response was more consistently present in brainstem than in cerebrum and cerebellum of rabid buffaloes and cattle. Similarly, malacia was more consistent finding in buffaloes (51.6%) than in cattle (26.08%)

Kinetics of zinc transformation in calciorthids soils of western Rajasthan, India

The present study was undertaken to investigate the kinetics of transformation process of applied and native Zn as influenced by soil moisture regime, available moisture and organic matter additions in Aridisols of western Rajasthan. The incubation experiment was conducted with exact amount of the soil samples (250 g), put in a number of small containers, made of corning glass. Three levels of moisture regimes i.e. field capacity (W0), continuous submergence (W1), alternate submergence and saturation (W2) and two levels of organic matter as starch at 0 per cent (M1) and 0.5 per cent (M2) of the soil weight; and two levels of zinc i.e. native (N) and applied (A) (Zn @ 5 mg kg-1 soil as ZnSO4.7 H2O). The soils then incubated for 30, 60 and 90 days. Destructive sampling was done after each incubation period, and then different fractions of Zn were sequentially extracted by different extracting solutions and determined with the help of atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the transformation of Zn is largely controlled by organic matter, moisture regimes and Zn application due to considerable changes in the chemical and electrochemical properties of soil and thereby influence the transformation of zinc. Organic matter application significantly increased Zn fractions due to the retention of Zn on exchange complex owing to producing organic acid by decomposition of organic matter in soil. Further, the results showed that if such condition was maintained in the field, and it increased the availability of Zn for different crops in Aridisols

Speed Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Drive Using an Inverter

Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor are used in many applications that require rapid torque response and high – performance operation. New developed materials such as magnetic materials, conducting materials and insulating materials as well as several new applications have greatly contributed to the development of small and special purpose machines. Using such materials the size of the motor would considerably reduce and high performance motors can be built. Due to several new applications these motors are quite popular in a developing country such as India. The speed of a permanent magnet synchronous motor is varied by varying the frequency of an inverter. The performance of the motor is experimentally verified and the results are found to be encouraging. It is also observed that, under varying load condition, the speed of a motor remains constant at constant frequency

Nonlinear Free Vibration Analysis of Laminated Carbon/Epoxy Curved Panels

Nonlinear frequency responses of the laminated carbon/epoxy composite curved shell panels have been investigated numerically and validated with in-house experimentation. The nonlinear responses have been computed numerically via customised computer code developed in MATLAB environment with the help of current mathematical model in conjunction with the direct iterative method. The mathematical model of the layered composite structure derived using various shear deformable kinematic models (two higher-order theories) in association with Green-Lagrange nonlinear strains. The current model includes all the nonlinear higher-order strain terms in the formulation to achieve generality. Further, the modal test has been conducted experimentally to evaluate the desired frequency values and are extracted via the transformed signals using fast Fourier transform technique. In addition, the results are computed using the simulation model developed in commercial finite element package (ANSYS) via batch input technique. Finally, numerical examples are solved for different geometrical configurations and discussed the effects of other design parameters (thickness ratio, curvature ratio and constraint condition) on the fundamental linear and nonlinear frequency responses in details

Series study of the One-dimensional S-T Spin-Orbital Model

We use perturbative series expansions about a staggered dimerized ground state to compute the ground state energy, triplet excitation spectra and spectral weight for a one-dimensional model in which each site has an S=\case 1/2 spin ${\bf S}_i$ and a pseudospin ${\bf T}_i$, representing a doubly degenerate orbital. An explicit dimerization is introduced to allow study of the confinement of spinon excitations. The elementary triplet represents a bound state of two spinons, and is stable over much of the Brillouine zone. A special line is found in the gapped spin-liquid phase, on which the triplet excitation is dispersionless. The formation of triplet bound states is also investigated.Comment: 9 pages, 9 figure

Visualization of Frequent Itemsets with Nested Circular Layout and Bundling Algorithm

International audienceFrequent itemset mining is one of the major data mining issues. Once generated by algorithms, the itemsets can be automatically processed, for instance to extract association rules. They can also be explored with visual tools, in order to analyze the emerging patterns. Graphical itemsets representation is a convenient way to obtain an overview of the global interaction structure. However, when the complexity of the database increases, the network may become unreadable. In this paper, we propose to display itemsets on concentric circles, each one being organized to lower the intricacy of the graph through an optimization process. Thanks to a graph bundling algorithm, we finally obtain a compact representation of a large set of itemsets that is easier to exploit. Colors accumulation and interaction operators facilitate the exploration of the new bundle graph and to illustrate how much an itemset is supported by the data

Critical properties of 1-D spin 1/2 antiferromagnetic Heisenberg model

We discuss numerical results for the 1-D spin 1/2 antiferromagnetic Heisenberg model with next-to-nearest neighbour coupling and in the presence of an uniform magnetic field. The model develops zero frequency excitations at field dependent soft mode momenta. We compute critical quantities from finite size dependence of static structure factors.Comment: talk given by H. Kr{\"o}ger at Heraeus Seminar Theory of Spin Lattices and Lattice Gauge Models, Bad Honnef (1996), 20 pages, LaTeX + 18 figures, P