Treatment of extra-articular proximal and middle phalangeal fractures of the hand: a systematic review

The aim of the study was to systematically review the patient reported and functional outcomes of treatment for extra-articular proximal or middle phalangeal fractures of the hand in order to determine the best treatment options. The review methodology was registered with PROSPERO. A systematic literature search was conducted in electronic bibliographic databases. Two independent reviewers performed screening and data extraction. The evaluation of quality of the included studies was performed using the Structured Effectiveness Quality Evaluation scale. The initial search yielded 2354 studies. The full text manuscripts of 79 studies were evaluated of which 16 studies met the inclusion criteria. In total, 513 extra-articular proximal and middle phalangeal fractures of the hand were included of which 118 (23%) were treated non-operatively, 188 (37%) were treated by closed reduction internal fixation (CRIF) and 207 (40%) by open reduction internal fixation. It can be recommended that closed displaced extra-articular phalangeal fractures can be treated non-operatively, even fractures with an oblique or complex pattern, provided that closed reduction is possible and maintained. Conservative treatment is preferably performed with a cast/brace allowing free mobilization of the wrist. No definite conclusion could be drawn upon whether closed reduction with extra-articular K-wire pinning or transarticular pinning is superior; however, it might be suggested that extra-articular K-wire pinning is favoured. When open reduction is necessary for oblique or spiral extra-articular fractures, lag screw fixation is preferable to plate and screw fixation. But, similar recovery and functional results are achieved with transversally inserted K-wires compared to lag screw fixation. Type of study/level of evidence: therapeutic III

Clinical impact of endemic NDM-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in intensive care units of the national referral hospital in Jakarta, Indonesia

OBJECTIVE: A prospective observational study was performed to assess the epidemiology and clinical impact of carbapenem-non-susceptible Klebsiella pneumoniae (CNKP) in intensive care units (ICUs) of the national referral hospital in Jakarta, Indonesia. MATERIALS/METHODS: Adult patients consecutively hospitalized for > 48 h in two ICUs of the national referral hospital were included from April until October 2013 and from April until August 2014. K. pneumoniae from clinical cultures and standardized screening of rectum and throat on admission, discharge and weekly if hospitalized > 7 days were collected. Environmental niches and healthcare workers (HCWs) were also screened. Susceptibility was determined phenotypically and the presence of carbapenemase genes by PCR. Raman spectroscopy as well as multiple-locus variable number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) were used for typing. RESULTS: Twenty-two out of 412 (5.3%) patients carried CNKP on admission and 37/390 (9.5%) acquired CNKP during ICU stay. The acquisition rate was 24.7/1000 patient-days at risk. One out of 31 (3.2%) environmental isolates was a CNKP. None of the HCWs carried CNKP. Acquisition of CNKP was associated with longer ICU stay (adjusted Hazard Ratio: 2.32 [CI99: 1.35-3.68]). ICU survival was lower among patients with CNKP compared to patients with carbapenem-susceptible K. pneumoniae (aHR 2.57, p = 0.005). Ninety-six of the 100 (96%) CNKP isolates carried a carbapenemase gene, predominantly blaNDM. Raman typing revealed three major clusters among 48 Raman types identified, whereas MLVA distinguished six major clusters among a total of 30 different genotypes. CONCLUSIONS: NDM-producing CNKP are introduced into these ICUs and some strains expand clonally among patients and the environment, resulting in endemic CNKP. CNKP acquisition was associated with prolonged ICU stay and may affect ICU survival. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The study was registered at Netherlands Trial Register http://www.trialregister.nl. Candidate number: 23527, NTR number: NTR5541, NL number: NL5425 (https://www.trialregister.nl/trial/5424), Retrospectively registered: NTR: 22 December 2015

Treatment of extra-articular proximal and middle phalangeal fractures of the hand: a systematic review

The aim of the study was to systematically review the patient reported and functional outcomes of treatment for extra-articular proximal or middle phalangeal fractures of the hand in order to determine the best treatment options. The review methodology was registered with PROSPERO. A systematic literature search was conducted in electronic bibliographic databases. Two independent reviewers performed screening and data extraction. The evaluation of quality of the included studies was performed using the Structured Effectiveness Quality Evaluation scale. The initial search yielded 2354 studies. The full text manuscripts of 79 studies were evaluated of which 16 studies met the inclusion criteria. In total, 513 extra-articular proximal and middle phalangeal fractures of the hand were included of which 118 (23%) were treated non-operatively, 188 (37%) were treated by closed reduction internal fixation (CRIF) and 207 (40%) by open reduction internal fixation. It can be recommended that closed displaced extra-articular phalangeal fractures can be treated non-operatively, even fractures with an oblique or complex pattern, provided that closed reduction is possible and maintained. Conservative treatment is preferably performed with a cast/brace allowing free mobilization of the wrist. No definite conclusion could be drawn upon whether closed reduction with extra-articular K-wire pinning or transarticular pinning is superior; however, it might be suggested that extra-articular K-wire pinning is favoured. When open reduction is necessary for oblique or spiral extra-articular fractures, lag screw fixation is preferable to plate and screw fixation. But, similar recovery and functional results are achieved with transversally inserted K-wires compared to lag screw fixation. Type of study/level of evidence: therapeutic III

Double Infection with Leishmania tropica and L. Major in an Hiv patient controlled with high doses of amphotericin B

We present a unique case of disseminated Leishmaniasis in an HIV patient. Two different Leishmania species were identified by genomic sequencing in both bone marrow and skin. The Leishmania infection could be suppressed but not cured, despite a high dose of amphotericin B of nearly 65 g over more than 6 years

Epidemiology and characterisation of carbapenem-non-susceptible Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a large intensive care unit in Jakarta, Indonesia

The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiology and clinical impact of carbapenem-non-susceptible Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CNPA) in intensive care units (ICUs) of the national refer

High-Risk International Clones of Carbapenem-Nonsusceptible Pseudomonas aeruginosa Endemic to Indonesian Intensive Care Units

Infection control effectiveness evaluations require detailed epidemiological and microbiological data. We analyzed the genomic profiles of carbapenem-nonsusceptible Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CNPA) strains collected from two intensive care units (ICUs) in the national referral hospital in Jakarta, Indonesia, where a multifaceted infection control intervention was applied. We used clinical data combined with whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of systematically collected CNPA to infer the transmission dynamics of CNPA strains and to characterize their resistome. We found that the number of CNPA transmissions and acquisitions by patients was highly variable over time but that, overall, the rates were not significantly reduced by the intervention. Environmental sources were involved in these transmissions and acquisitions. Four high-risk international CNPA clones (ST235, ST823, ST375, and ST446) dominated, but the distribution of these clones changed significantly after the intervention was implemented. Using resistome analysis, carbapenem resistance was explained by the presence of various carbapenemase-encoding genes (blaGES-5, blaVIM-2-8, and blaIMP-1-7-43) and by mutations within the porin OprD. Our results reveal for the first time the dynamics of P. aeruginosa antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles in Indonesia and additionally show the utility of WGS in combination with clinical data to evaluate the impact of an infection control intervention. (This study has been registered at www.trialregister.nl under registration no. NTR5541).IMPORTANCE In low-to-middle-income countries such as Indonesia, work in intensive care units (ICUs) can be hampered by lack of resources. Conducting large epidemiological studies in such settings using genomic tools is rather challenging. Still, we were able to systematically study the transmissions of carbapenem-nonsusceptible strains of P. aeruginosa (CNPA) within and between ICUs, before and after an infection control intervention. Our data show the importance of the broad dissemination of the internationally recognized CNPA clones, the relevance of environmental reservoirs, and the mixed effects of the implemented intervention; it led to a profound change in the clonal make-up of CNPA, but it did not reduce the patients' risk of CNPA acquisitions. Thus, CNPA epidemiology in Indonesian ICUs is part of a global expansion of multiple CNPA clones that remains difficult to control by infection prevention measures

USA300 Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Cuba.

Contains fulltext : 110086.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is an increasing problem in the Caribbean. We investigated the molecular epidemiology of MRSA isolates on Cuba. FINDINGS: The predominant clone was of the spa type t149, followed by community-associated MRSA USA300. CONCLUSIONS: We report the first molecular typing results of MRSA isolates from Cuba

Molecular identification and susceptibility pattern of clinical Nocardia species: emergence of Nocardia crassostreae as an agent of invasive nocardiosis.

Contains fulltext : 125670.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access

Evidence for genetic differentiation and variable recombination rates among Dutch populations of the opportunistic human pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus.

Item does not contain fulltextAs the frequency of antifungal drug resistance continues to increase, understanding the genetic structure of fungal populations, where resistant isolates have emerged and spread, is of major importance. Aspergillus fumigatus is an ubiquitously distributed fungus and the primary causative agent of invasive aspergillosis (IA), a potentially lethal infection in immunocompromised individuals. In the last few years, an increasing number of A. fumigatus isolates has evolved resistance to triazoles, the primary drugs for treating IA infections. In most isolates, this multiple-triazole-resistance (MTR) phenotype is caused by mutations in the cyp51A gene, which encodes the protein targeted by the triazoles. We investigated the genetic differentiation and reproductive mode of A. fumigatus in the Netherlands, the country where the MTR phenotype probably originated, to determine their role in facilitating the emergence and distribution of resistance genotypes. Using 20 genome-wide neutral markers, we genotyped 255 Dutch isolates including 25 isolates with the MTR phenotype. In contrast to previous reports, our results show that Dutch A. fumigatus genotypes are genetically differentiated into five distinct populations. Four of the five populations show significant linkage disequilibrium, indicative of an asexual reproductive mode, whereas the fifth population is in linkage equilibrium, indicative of a sexual reproductive mode. Notably, the observed genetic differentiation among Dutch isolates does not correlate with geography, although all isolates with the MTR phenotype nest within a single, predominantly asexual, population. These results suggest that both reproductive mode and genetic differentiation contribute to the structure of Dutch A. fumigatus populations and are probably shaping the evolutionary dynamics of drug resistance in this potentially deadly pathogen.1 januari 201

In vitro activities of nine antifungal drugs against 81 Phialophora and Cyphellophora isolates.

Contains fulltext : 124368.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)Cyphellophora guyanensis (n = 15), other Cyphellophora species (n = 11), Phialophora europaea (n = 43), and other Phialophora species (n = 12) were tested in vitro against nine antifungal drugs. The MIC(90)s across all of the strains (n = 81) were, in increasing order, as follows: posaconazole, 0.063 mug/ml; itraconazole, 0.5 mug/ml; voriconazole, 1 mug/ml; micafungin, 1 mug/ml; terbinafine, 2 mug/ml; isavuconazole, 4 mug/ml; caspofungin, 4 mug/ml; fluconazole, 8 mug/ml; amphotericin B, 16 mug/ml.1 november 201