Inelasticity Distribution Of Hadron-pb Collisions In The Energy Region Exceeding 1014 Ev From Mountain Cosmic Ray Experiments

The inelasticity distribution of hadron-lead collisions in the energy region exceeding 1014 eV is estimated on the basis of 66 events, induced by cosmic ray hadrons and detected at high mountain altitudes at Pamir (4300 m, 595 g/cm2). The distribution of the best fitting is approximated as g(K)dK=[α(1-K)m1-1 + βKm2-1]dK, where m1=0.5, m2=1.125, α=0.26, β=0.55, giving 〈K〉=0.60. The errors of the parameters are discussed in the text. The distribution is compared with those which are based on theoretical models. ©1999 The American Physical Society.611110Frichter, G.M., Gaisser, T.K., Stanev, T., (1997) Phys. Rev. D, 56, p. 3135Fowler, G.N., Weiner, R.M., Wilk, G., (1985) Phys. Rev. Lett., 55, p. 173Fowler, G.N., Vourdas, A., Weiner, R.M., Wilk, G., (1987) Phys. Rev. D, 35, p. 870Fowler, G.N., Navarra, F.S., Plümer, M., Voudras, A., Weiner, R.M., Wilk, G., (1989) Phys. Rev. C, 40, p. 1219Shabelski, Yu.M., Weiner, R.M., Wilk, G., Włodarczyk, Z., (1992) J. Phys. G, 18, p. 1281Włodarczyk, Z., (1995) J. Phys. G, 21, p. 281Chou, T.T., Yang, C.N., (1985) Phys. Rev. D, 32, p. 1692Gaisser, T.K., Stanev, T., (1989) Phys. Lett. B, 219, p. 375Kaǐdalov, A.B., Ter-Martirosyan, K.A., (1987) Proceedings of the 20th International Cosmic Ray Conference, 5, p. 139(1984) Sov. J. Nucl. Phys., 40, p. 135Nazareth, R.A.M.S., Kodama, T., Portes Jr., D.A., (1992) Phys. Rev. D, 46, p. 2896Schatz, G., Thouw, T., Werner, K., Oehlschläger, J., Bekk, K., (1994) J. Phys. G, 20, p. 1267Gaisser, T.K., Protheroe, R.J., Turver, K.E., McComb, T.J.L., (1978) Rev. Mod. Phys., 50, p. 859Van Hove, L., Pokorski, S., (1975) Nucl. Phys., B86, p. 243Akashi, M., (1964) Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl., 32, p. 1Feynman, R., (1969) Phys. Rev. Lett., 23, p. 1415Taylor, F.E., Carey, D.C., Johnson, J.R., Kammerud, R., Ritchie, D.J., Roberts, A., Sauer, J.R., Walker, J.K., (1976) Phys. Rev. D, 14, p. 1217Ohsawa, A., (1994) Prog. Theor. Phys., 92, p. 1005Arata, N., (1983) Nucl. Phys., B211, p. 189Tabuki, T., (1983) Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl., 76, p. 40Chinellato, J.A., (1983) Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl., 76, p. 1Alner, G.L., (1987) Phys. Rep., 5-6, p. 247Nishimura, J., (1967) Handbuch der Physik, 46 (2), p. 1. , Springer, BerlinArisawa, T., Fujimoto, Y., Hasegawa, S., Honda, K., Ito, H., Kopenkin, V.V., Semba, H., Strogova, O.P., (1994) Nucl. Phys., B424, p. 241Baradzei, L.T., (1992) Nucl. Phys. B, B370, p. 365Kopenkin, V., Fujimoto, Y., (1996) Nuovo Cimento C, 19, p. 1017Moriya, M., (1997), Master thesis, Waseda UniversityBarroso, S.L.C., Fujimoto, Y., Kopenkin, V., Moriya, M., Navia, C., Ohsawa, A., Shibuya, E.H., Tamada, M., (1997) Nucl. Phys. B (Proc. Suppl.), 52 B, p. 201(1997) Proceedings of the 25th International Cosmic Ray Conference, 6, p. 41Hama, Y., Paiva, S., (1997) Phys. Rev. Lett., 78, p. 3070Tamada, M., (1995) J. Phys. G, 21, p. 1387Knapp, J., Heck, D., Schatz, G., (1996) Report of Institut für Kernphysik, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, , Wissenchafteliche Berichte FZKA 5828Harr, R., Liapis, C., Karchin, P., Biino, C., Erhan, S., Hofmann, W., Kreuzer, P., Zweizig, J., (1997) Phys. Lett. B, 401, p. 176Tamada, M., Kopenkin, V.V., (1997) Nucl. Phys., B494, p. 3Ohsawa, A., (1971) Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl., 47, p. 180Gaisser, T.K., (1990) Cosmic Rays and Particle Physics, , Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, Englan

Large Transverse Momenta in Statistical Models of High Energy Interactions

The creation of particles with large transverse momenta in high energy hadronic collisions is a long standing problem. The transition from small- (soft) to hard- parton scattering `high-pt' events is rather smooth. In this paper we apply the non-extensive statistical framework to calculate transverse momentum distributions of long lived hadrons created at energies from low (sqrt(s)~10 GeV) to the highest energies available in collider experiments (sqrt(s)~2000 GeV). Satisfactory agreement with the experimental data is achieved. The systematic increase of the non-extensivity parameter with energy found can be understood as phenomenological evidence for the increased role of long range correlations in the hadronization process. Predictions concerning the rise of average transverse momenta up to the highest cosmic ray energies are also given and discussed.Comment: 20 pages, 10 figure

Observation Of Very High Energy Cosmic-ray Families In Emulsion Chambers At High Mountain Altitudes (i)

Characteristics of cosmic-ray hadronic interactions in the 1015 - 1017 eV range are studied by observing a total of 429 cosmic-ray families of visible energy greater than 100 TeV found in emulsion chamber experiments at high mountain altitudes, Chacaltaya (5200 m above sea level) and the Pamirs (4300 m above sea level). Extensive comparisons were made with simulated families based on models so far proposed, concentrating on the relation between the observed family flux and the behaviour of high-energy showers in the families, hadronic and electromagnetic components. It is concluded that there must be global change in characteristics of hadronic interactions at around 1016 eV deviating from thise known in the accelerator energy range, specially in the forwardmost angular region of the collision. A detailed study of a new shower phenomenon of small-pT particle emissions, pT being of the order of 10 MeV/c, is carried out and its relation to the origin of huge "halo" phenomena associated with extremely high energy families is discussed as one of the possibilities. General characteristics of such super-families are surveyed. © 1992.3702365431Borisov, (1981) Nucl. Phys., 191 BBaybrina, (1984) Trudy FIAN 154, p. 1. , [in Russian], Nauka, MoscowLattes, Hadronic interactions of high energy cosmic-ray observed by emulsion chambers (1980) Physics Reports, 65, p. 151Hasegawa, ICR-Report-151-87-5 (1987) presented at FNAL CDF Seminar, , Inst. for Cosmic Ray Research, Univ. of TokyoCHACALTAYA Emulsion Chamber Experiment (1971) Progress of Theoretical Physics Supplement, 47, p. 1Yamashita, Ohsawa, Chinellato, (1984) Proc. 3rd Int. Symp. on Cosmic Rays and Particle Physics, p. 30. , Tokyo, 1984, Inst. for Cosmic Ray Research, Univ. of Tokyo(1984) Proc. 3rd Int. Symp. on Cosmic Rays and Particle Physics, p. 1. , Tokyo, 1984Baradzei, (1984) Proc. 3rd Int. Symp. on Cosmic Rays and Particle Physics, p. 136. , Tokyo, 1984Yamashita, (1985) J. Phys. Soc. Jpn., 54, p. 529Bolisov, (1984) Proc. 3rd Int. Symp. on Cosmic rays and Particle Physics, p. 248. , Tokyo, 1984, Inst. for Cosmic Ray Research, Univ. of TokyoTamada, Tomaszewski, (1988) Proc. 5th Int. Symp. on Very High Energy Cosmic-Ray Interactions, p. 324. , Lodz, 1988, Inst. for Cosmic Ray Research, Univ. of Tokyo, PolandHasegawa, (1989) ICR-Report-197-89-14, , Inst. for Cosmic Ray Research, Univ. of TokyoCHACALTAYA Emulsion Chamber Experiment (1971) Progress of Theoretical Physics Supplement, 47, p. 1Okamoto, Shibata, (1987) Nucl. Instrum. Methods, 257 A, p. 155Zhdanov, (1980) FIAN preprint no. 45, , Lebedev Physical Institute, MoscowSemba, Gross Features of Nuclear Interactions around 1015eV through Observation of Gamma Ray Families (1983) Progress of Theoretical Physics Supplement, 76, p. 111Nikolsky, (1975) Izv. Akad. Nauk. USSR Ser. Fis., 39, p. 1160Burner, Energy spectra of cosmic rays above 1 TeV per nucleon (1990) The Astrophysical Journal, 349, p. 25Takahashi, (1990) 6th Int. Symp. on Very High Energy Cosmic-ray Interactions, , Tarbes, FranceRen, (1988) Phys. Rev., 38 D, p. 1404Alner, The UA5 high energy simulation program (1987) Nuclear Physics B, 291 B, p. 445Bozzo, Measurement of the proton-antiproton total and elastic cross sections at the CERN SPS collider (1984) Physics Letters B, 147 B, p. 392Wrotniak, (1985) Proc. 19th Cosmic-Ray Conf. La Jolla, 1985, 6, p. 56. , NASA Conference Publication, Washington, D.CWrotniak, (1985) Proc. 19th Cosmic-Ray Conf. La Jolla, 1985, 6, p. 328. , NASA Conference Publication, Washington, D.CMukhamedshin, (1984) Trudy FIAN, 154, p. 142. , Nauka, Moscow, [in Russian]Dunaevsky, Pluta, Slavatinsky, (1988) Proc. 5th Int. Symp. on Very High Energy Cosmic-Ray Interactions, p. 143. , Lodz, 1988, Inst. of Physics, Univ. of Lodz, PolandKaidalov, Ter-Martirosyan, (1987) Proc. 20th Int. Cosmic-Ray Conf., Moscow, 1987, 5, p. 141. , Nauka, MoscowShabelsky, (1985) preprints LNPI-1113Shabelsky, (1986) preprints LNPI-1224, , Leningrad [in Russian]Hillas, (1979) Proc. 16th Int. Cosmic-Ray Conf., Kyoto, 6, p. 13. , Inst. for Cosmic Ray Research, Univ. of TokyoBorisov, (1987) Phys. Lett., 190 B, p. 226Hasegawa, Tamada, (1990) 6th Int. Symp. on Very High Energy Cosmic-Ray Interactions, , Tarbes, FranceSemba, Gross Features of Nuclear Interactions around 1015eV through Observation of Gamma Ray Families (1983) Progress of Theoretical Physics Supplement, p. 111Ren, (1988) Phys. Rev., 38 D, p. 1404Dynaevsky, Zimin, (1988) Proc. 5th Int. Symp. on Very High Energy Cosmic-Ray Interaction, p. 93. , Lodz, 1988, Inst. of Physics, Univ. of Lodz, PolandDynaevsky, (1990) Proc. 6th Int. Symp. on Very High Energy Cosmic-Ray Interactions, , Tarbes, France(1989) FIAN preprint no. 208, , Lebedev Physical Institute, Moscow(1990) Proc. 21st Int. Cosmic-Ray Conf., Adelaide, 8, p. 259. , Dept. Physics and Mathematical Physics, Univ. of Adelaide, AustraliaHasegawa, (1990) ICR-Report-216-90-9, , Inst. for Cosmic-Ray Research, Univ. of TokyoTamada, (1990) Proc. 21st Int. Cosmic-Ray Conf., Adelaide, 1990, 8. , Dept. Physics and Mathematical Physics, Univ. of Adelaide, AustraliaTamada, (1990) ICR-Report-216-90-9(1981) Proc. 17th Int. Cosmic-Ray Conf., Paris, 5, p. 291(1990) Proc. Int. Cosmic-Ray Conf., Adelaide, 1990, 8, p. 267. , Dept. Physics and Mathematical Physics, Univ. of Adelaide, Australia(1989) Inst. Nucl. Phys. 89-67/144, , preprint, Inst. Nucl. Phys., Moscow State UnivSmilnova, (1988) Proc. 5th Int. Sym. on Very High Energy Cosmic-Ray Interactions, p. 42. , Lodz, 1988, Inst. of Physics, Univ. of Lodz, PolandGoulianos, (1986) Proc. Workshop of Particle Simulation at High Energies, , University of Wisconsin, Madison, USAIvanenko, (1983) Proc. 18th Int. Cosmic-Ray Conf., Bangalore, 1983, 5, p. 274. , Tata Inst. Fundamental Research, Bombay, IndiaIvanenko, (1984) Proc. Int. Symp. on Cosmic-Rays and Particle Physics, p. 101. , Tokyo, 1984, Inst. for Cosmic Ray Research, Univ. of Tokyo(1988) 5th Int. Symp. on Very High Energy Cosmic-Ray Interactions, p. 180. , Lodz, 1988, Inst. of Physics, Univ. of Lodz, Poland(1990) Proc. 21st Int. Cosmic-Ray Conf., Adelaide, 1990, 8, p. 251. , Dept. Physics and Mathematical Physics, Univ. of Adelaide, Australia(1991) Izv. AN USSR No. 4, , to be publishedNikolsky, Shaulov, Cherdyntseva, (1990) FIAN preprint no. 140, , Lebedev Physical Institute, Moscow, [in Russian](1987) Proc. 20th Int. Cosmic-Ray Conf., Moscow, 1987, 5, p. 326. , Nauka, Mosco

Observation Of A High-energy Cosmic-ray Family Caused By A Centauro-type Nuclear Interaction In The Joint Emulsion Chamber Experiment At The Pamirs

An exotic cosmic-ray family event is observed in the large emulsion chamber exposed by the joint at the Pamirs (4360 m above sea level). The family is composed of 120γ-ray-induced showers and 37 hadron-induced showers with individual visible energy exceeding 1 TeV. The decisive feature of the event is the hadron dominance: ΣEγ, ΣE(γ) h, 〈Eγ, 〈E(γ) h〉, 〈Eγ·Rγ〉 and 〈E(γ)·Rh〉 being 298 TeV, 476 TeV, 2.5 TeV, 12.9 TeV, 28.6 GeV m and 173 GeV m, respectively. Most probably the event is due to a Centauro interaction, which occured in the atmosphere at ∼700 m above the chamber. The event will constitute the second beautiful candidate for a Centauro observed at the Pamirs. © 1987.1901-2226233Bayburina, (1981) Nucl. Phys. B, 191, p. 1Lattes, Fujimoto, Hasegawa, Hadronic interactions of high energy cosmic-ray observed by emulsion chambers (1980) Physics Reports, 65, p. 151(1984) Trudy FIAN, 154, p. 1Borisov, (1984) Proc. Intern. Symp. on Cosmic rays and particle physics, p. 3. , TokyoRen, (1985) 19th Intern. Cosmic ray Conf., 6, p. 317. , La JollaYamashita, (1985) 19th Intern. Cosmic ray Conf., 6, p. 364. , La JollaTamada, (1977) Nuovo Cimento, 41 B, p. 245T. Shibata et al., to be publishedHillas, (1979) 16th Intern. Cosmic ray Conf., 6, p. 13. , KyotoBattiston, Measurement of the proton-antiproton elastic and total cross section at a centre-of-mass energy of 540 GeV (1982) Physics Letters B, 117, p. 126UA5 Collab., G.J. Alner et al., preprint CERN-EP/85-62Taylor, (1976) Phys. Rev. D, 14, p. 1217Burnett, (1984) Proc. Intern. Symp. on Cosmic rays and particle physics, p. 468. , Toky

Nuclear Interactions Of Super High Energy Cosmic-rays Observed In Mountain Emulsion Chambers

Here we present a summary of joint discussions on the results of three mountain experiments with large-scale emulsion chambers, at Pamir, Mt. Fuji and Chacaltaya. Observations cover gamma quanta, hadrons and their clusters (called "families"). The following topics are covered, concerning the characteristics of nuclear interactions the energy region 1014-1016 eV: (i) rapid dissipation seen in atmospheric diffusion of high-energy cosmic-rays; (ii) multiplicity and Pt increase in produced pi-mesons in the fragmentation region; (iii) existence of large-Pt jets, (iv) extremely hadron-rich family of the Centauro type; (v) exotic phenomena in the extremely high energy region beyond 1016 eV. © 1981.1911125(1977) Acta Univ. Lodz ser. II, (60)(1973) 13th Int. Cosmic-ray Conf., 3, p. 2228(1975) 14th Int. Cosmic-Ray Conf., 7, p. 2365(1979) AIP Conf. Proc. no. 49, p. 334(1979) 16th Int. Cosmic-ray Conf., 6, p. 344(1979) 16th Int. Cosmic-ray Conf., 7, p. 6816th Int. Cosmic-ray Conf. (1979) 16th Int. Cosmic-ray Conf., 7, p. 284(1979) 16th Int. Cosmic-ray Conf., 7, p. 294(1979) 16th Int. Cosmic-ray Conf., 13, p. 87(1979) 16th Int. Cosmic-ray Conf., 13, p. 92(1979) 16th Int. Cosmic-ray Conf., 13, p. 98(1979) AIP Conf. Proc. no. 49, p. 94(1979) AIP Conf. Proc. no. 49, p. 145(1979) AIP Conf. Proc. no. 49, p. 317(1979) 16th Int. Cosmic-ray Conf., 6, p. 350(1979) 16th Int. Cosmic-ray Conf., 6, p. 356(1979) 16th Int. Cosmic-ray Conf., 6, p. 362Nikolsky, Proc. 9th Int. High-energy Symp. (1978) CSSR, 21. , ToborMiyake, (1978) Proc. 19th Int. Conf. on High-energy physics, p. 433Vernov, (1977) Physica, 3, p. 1601Khristiansen, (1978) JETP Lett., 28, p. 124(1973) 13th Int. Cosmic-ray Conf., 3, p. 2219Izv. Acad. Nauk USSR, ser Phys. (1974) Izv. Acad. Nauk USSR, ser Phys., 38, p. 918(1975) 14th Int. Cosmic-ray Conf., 7, p. 2365(1979) 16th Int. Cosmic-ray Conf., 7, p. 68Dunaevsky, Urysson, Emelyanov, Shorin, Tashimov, (1975) FIAN preprint no. 150Dunaevsky, Urysson, Emelyanov, Shorin, Tashinov, (1979) Acta Univ. Lodz ser. II, (60), p. 199Ivanenko, Kanevskya, Roganova, (1978) JETP Lett., 40, p. 704Ivanenko, Kanevsky, Roganova, (1979) 16th Int. Cosmic-ray Conf., 7, p. 101Ivanenko, Kanevsky, Roganova, (1979) 16th Int. Cosmic-ray Conf., 7, p. 198Wrotniak, (1977) Acta Univ. Lodz ser. II, (60), p. 165Krys, Tomaszevski, Wrotniak, (1979) 16th Int. Cosmic-ray Conf., 7, p. 182Krys, Tomaszevski, Wrotniak, (1979) 16th Int. Cosmic-ray Conf., 7, p. 186Fomin, Kempa, Khristiansen, Levina, Piotrowska, Wdowczyk, (1977) 15th Int. Cosmic-ray Conf., 7, p. 248Fomin, Kempa, Khristiansen, Levina, Piotrowska, Wdowczyk, (1979) 16th Int. Cosmic-ray Conf., 13, p. 82Azimov, Mullazhanov, Yuldashbayev, (1979) 16th Int. Cosmic-ray Conf., 7, p. 262Azimov, Mullazhanov, Yuldashbayev, (1977) Acta Univ. Lodz ser. II, (60), p. 275Kasahara, Torri, Yuda, (1979) 16th Int. Cosmic-ray Conf., 13, p. 70Kasahara, Torii, Yuda, (1979) 16th Int. Cosmic-ray Conf., 13, p. 79Shibata, (1979) 16th Int. Cosmic-ray Conf., 7, p. 176H. Semba, T. Shibata and T. Tabuki, Suppl. Prog. Theor. Phys., to be publishedZhdanov, Roinishvilli, Smorodin, Tomaszevski, (1975) FIAN preprint no. 163Lattes, Fujimoto, Hasegawa, Hadronic interactions of high energy cosmic-ray observed by emulsion chambers (1980) Physics Reports, 65, p. 152Ellsworth, Gaisser, Yodh, (1981) Phys. Rev., 23 D, p. 764Baradzei, Smorodin, (1974) FIAN preprint nos. 103, 104Baradzei, Smorodin, (1977) Acta Univ. Lodz ser. II, (60), p. 51Zhdanov, (1980) FIAN preprint no. 140H. Semba, T. Shibata and T. Tabuki, Suppl. Prog. Theor. Phys., to be publishedShibata, (1980) Phys. Rev., 22 D, p. 100Slavatinsky, (1980) Proc. 7th European Symp. on Cosmic rays, , Leningrad, to be published(1979) AIP Conference Proc. no. 49, p. 145Azimov, Abduzhamilov, Chudakov, (1963) JETP (Sov. Phys.), 45, p. 40713th Int. Cosmic-ray Conf. (1973) 13th Int. Cosmic-ray Conf., 5, p. 326Acharya, Rao, Sivaprasad, Rao, (1979) 16th Int. Cosmic-ray Conf., 6, p. 289Ellsworth, Goodman, Yodh, Gaisser, Stanev, (1981) Phys. Rev., 23 D, p. 771Bariburina, Guseva, Denisova, (1980) Acta Univ. Lodz, 1, p. 9415th Int. Cosmic-ray Conf. (1977) 15th Int. Cosmic-ray Conf., 7, p. 184(1979) AIP Conf. Proc. no. 49, p. 33

Hadron-rich Cosmic-ray Families Detected By Emulsion Chamber

The observed hadrons in excess, larger-than-expected charged mesons (pions) in cosmic-ray families detected in emulsion chamber experiment at mountain altitude (5220 m above sea level) and produced in cosmic-ray hadronic interaction not far from PeV energy region are here studied. The hypothesis that these extra hadrons could be a bundle of surviving nuclear fragments (nucleons) is verified through a simulation method using a hybrid code composed by a superposition model to describe the number of interacting pairs of nucleon-nucleon in a nucleus-nucleus collision. Together with the UA5 algorithm to describe nucleon-nucleon collision, atmospheric propagation structure is also considered. A comparison between simulation output with experimental data shows that the surviving-nuclear-fragments hypothesis is not enough to explain non-pionic hadron excess, even if a heavy dominance composition in the primary flux is considered. © 1995 Società Italiana di Fisica.108111341135

γ-hadron Families Sensitivity To Disoriented Chiral Condensates

Presented in this study is a possible coherent emission of pions from a large domain of disoriented chiral condensate (DCC) in the leading particle region, through their influence on the development of the γ-hadron families, initiated by cosmic ray particles in the atmosphere. The production rate of DCC's is obtained by using a phenomenological framework in the quenching approximation and is included in a Monte Carlo code. In this context, we have found, under the assumption of a "normal" proton dominant composition in the primary flux, that the anomalous hadron-rich families, observed in the experimental data, can be reproduced. However, the production rate of DCC's obtained here is not enough to describe the global characteristics, such as the family flux, observed at mountain altitudes. The implications of these results are here discussed.55958345840Das Gupta, U., (1992) Phys. Rev. D, 45, p. 1459Cosmic Ray Conference (1993) Proceedings of the 23th International Cosmic Ray Conference, 2, p. 97. , Calgary, Canada, 1993, edited by R. B. Hicks et al. (World Scientific, Singapore, 1994)(1990) Astrophys. J., 349, pp. L25Ichimura, M., (1993) Phys. Rev. D, 48, p. 1949Lattes, C.M.J., Fujimoto, Y., Hasegawa, S., (1980) Phys. Rep., 65, p. 152Navia, C.E., (1994) Phys. Rev. D, 50, p. 5732Iwai, J., University of Washington Report No. UWSEA92-06 (unpublished)Baradzei, L.T., (1992) Nucl. Phys., B370, p. 365Niihori, Y., (1987) Phys. Rev. D, 36, p. 783Alner, G.L., (1987) Nucl. Phys., B291, p. 445Belletine, G., (1973) High Energy Collisions, , edited by C. Quigg, AIP Conf. Proc. 15 AIP, New YorkCool, R.L., (1982) Phys. Rev. Lett., 48, p. 2451Goulianos, K., (1983) Phys. Rep., 101, p. 169Albrow, M.G., (1976) Nucl. Phys., B108, p. 1Nikolsky, S.J., (1975) Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Ser. Fiz., 39, p. 1160Anselm, A.A., Ryskin, M.G., (1991) Phys. Lett. B, 266, p. 482Rajagopal, K., Wilczek, F., (1993) Nucl. Phys., B399, p. 395Bjorken, J.D., (1992) Int. J. Mod. Phys. A, 7, p. 4189Bjorken, J.D., (1992) Acta Phys. Pol. B, 23, p. 561Kowalski, K.L., Taylor, C.C., Case West Report No. CWRUTH-92-6 (unpublished)Bjorken, J.D., Kowalski, K.L., Taylor, C.C., (1993), Report No. SLAC-PUB-6109, (unpublished)Blaizot, J.P., Krzywicki, A., (1992) Phys. Rev. D, 46, p. 246Asakawa, M., (1995) Phys. Rev. Lett., 74, p. 3126Bank, S.Y., Cosmic Ray Conference, 4, p. 62Bank, S.Y., (1991) Phys. Rev. C, 43, p. 1410Jones, L., (1995) Proceedings of the 24th International Cosmic Ray Conference, 1, p. 886. , Roma, Italy, edited by Nunzio Iucci (Arti Grafiche Editoriale, Urbino, Italy, 1995)Bjorken, J., (1993) 23rd International Symposium on Multiparticle Dynamics (1993), , Proceedings, Aspen, Colorado, edited by M. L. Block and A. White (World Scientific, Singapore, 1994

Connection Among Spacecrafts And Ground Level Observations Of Small Solar Transient Events

An overview of the results of the search for small solar transient events, in association with muon enhancements (deficits) registered at ground-level by the Tupi muon telescopes, is presented. Among the events, there are three interplanetary shocks and two solar flares of small scale whose X-ray emission flux is much smaller than 10 -5 W m -2 at 1 AU (GOES-Tupi connection). Two of the interplanetary shocks are cataloged as corotating interaction region and the third shock is due to the passage of a CME(coronal mass ejection) ejecta (ACE and SOHO-Tupi connection) in the Earth's proximities. In most cases, the particles excess (deficit) coming from these events have only been observed with spacecraft instruments. However, the Tupi telescopes are located at sea level and within the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA), a region where the shielding effect of the magnetosphere is not perfectly spherical and shows a 'dip'. This fact enables the muon telescopes to achieve a low rigidity of response to primary and secondary charged particles (≥ 0.1 GV). Muon excesses (deficits) with significances above 4σ have been found. These events observed at ground admit a temporal correlation with solar transient events observed by spacecrafts, which suggests strongly a real connection between them. Details of these observations are reported. © 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.3102/03/15177197Augusto, C.R.A., Navia, C.E., Tsui, K.H., Muon enhancements at sea level in association with Swift-BAT and MILAGRO triggers (2008) Phys. Rev., D77, p. 123008Casolino, M., PAMELA Collaboration: Observations of primary, trapped and quasi trapped particles with PAMELA experiment (2008) Proceedings 30th ICRC, 1, p. 709. , MeridaGupta, S.P., Solar activity and atmospheric tide effect on the polar conductivity and the vertical electric field in the stratosphere at low latitude (2003) Adv. Space Res., 34, p. 1798Augusto, C.R.A., Simultaneous observation at sea level and at 5200 m.a.s.l. of high energy particles in the South Atlantic Anomaly (2010) Astropart. Phys., 34, p. 40Iucci, N., Parisi, M., Storini, M., Villoresi, G., High-speed solar-wind streams and galactic cosmic-ray modulation (1979) Il Nuovo Cimento, 2 C, p. 421Richardson, I.G., Cane, H.V., Cliver, E.W., Sources of geomagnetic activity during nearly three solar cycles (1972-2000) (2002) J. Geophys. Res., , doi:10.1029/2001JA000504Krucker, S., Benz, A.J., Energy distribution of heating processes in the quiet solar corona (1998) Astrophys. J., 501, pp. L213Berghmans, D., Clette, F., Moses, D., A panoramic view by EIT on board SOHO (1998) Astron. Astrophys., 336, p. 1039Aschwand, M.J., Time variability of the "quiet" Sun observed with TRACE. II. Physical parameters, temperature evolution, and energets of extreme-ultraviolet nanoflares (2000) Astrophys. J., 535, p. 1027Ruffolo, D., Khumlumlert, T., Propagation of coherent pulses of solar cosmic rays (1995) Proceeding 24th ICRC, 4, p. 277. , RomeNavia, C.E., Is there an enhancement of muons at sea level from transient events? (2005) Astrophys. J., 621, p. 1137Augusto, C.R.A., Muon excess at sea level from solar flares in association with the Fermi GBM spacecraft detector (2011) Phys. Rev. D, , arXiv: 1012. 1561v1 [astro-ph. SR