Vanishing viscosity limits for the degenerate lake equations with Navier boundary conditions

The paper is concerned with the vanishing viscosity limit of the two-dimensional degenerate viscous lake equations when the Navier slip conditions are prescribed on the impermeable boundary of a simply connected bounded regular domain. When the initial vorticity is in the Lebesgue space $L^q$ with $2<q\le\infty$, we show the degenerate viscous lake equations possess a unique global solution and the solution converges to a corresponding weak solution of the inviscid lake equations. In the special case when the vorticity is in $L^\infty$, an explicit convergence rate is obtained

Possible dynamics of the Tsallis distribution from a Fokker-Planck equation (I)

The dynamical property of the Tsallis distribution is studied from a Fokker-Planck equation. For the Langevin dynamical system with an arbitrary potential function, Markovian friction and Gaussian white noise, we show that no possible nonequilibrium dynamics can use the Tsallis distribution for the statistical description. The current form of the Tsallis distribution stands for a simple isothermal situation with no friction and no noise.Comment: 7 pages;16 refrence

A new form of Tsallis distribution based on the probabilistically independent postulate

The current form of Tsallis distribution for a Hamiltonian system with an arbitrary potential is found to represent a simple isothermal situation. In this letter, the q-exponential of a sum can be applied as the product of the q-exponential based on the probabilistically independent postulate employed in nonextensive statistical mechanics. Under this framework, a new form of Tsallis distribution is suggested. It is shown that the new form of Tsallis distribution can supply the statistical description for the nonequilibrium dynamical property of the Hamiltonian system governed by an arbitrary potential, and it is found to be one potential statistical distribution for the dark matter.Comment: 11 page

Histopathologic and proteogenomic heterogeneity reveals features of clear cell renal cell carcinoma aggressiveness

Clear cell renal cell carcinomas (ccRCCs) represent ∼75% of RCC cases and account for most RCC-associated deaths. Inter- and intratumoral heterogeneity (ITH) results in varying prognosis and treatment outcomes. To obtain the most comprehensive profile of ccRCC, we perform integrative histopathologic, proteogenomic, and metabolomic analyses on 305 ccRCC tumor segments and 166 paired adjacent normal tissues from 213 cases. Combining histologic and molecular profiles reveals ITH in 90% of ccRCCs, with 50% demonstrating immune signature heterogeneity. High tumor grade, along with BAP1 mutation, genome instability, increased hypermethylation, and a specific protein glycosylation signature define a high-risk disease subset, where UCHL1 expression displays prognostic value. Single-nuclei RNA sequencing of the adverse sarcomatoid and rhabdoid phenotypes uncover gene signatures and potential insights into tumor evolution. In vitro cell line studies confirm the potential of inhibiting identified phosphoproteome targets. This study molecularly stratifies aggressive histopathologic subtypes that may inform more effective treatment strategies

Tellurium substitution effect on superconductivity of the alpha-phase Iron Selenide

We have carried out a systematic study of the PbO-type compound FeSe_{1-x}Te_x (x = 0~1), where Te substitution effect on superconductivity is investigated. It is found that superconducting transition temperature reaches a maximum of Tc=15.2K at about 50% Te substitution. The pressure-enhanced Tc of FeSe0.5Te0.5 is more than 10 times larger than that of FeSe. Interestingly, FeTe is no longer superconducting. A low temperature structural distortion changes FeTe from triclinic symmetry to orthorhombic symmetry. We believe that this structural change breaks the magnetic symmetry and suppresses superconductivity in FeTe.Comment: Some typing errors are corrected; we take out one figures, now the paper has 14 pages, 5 figure

Vector-Virus Mutualism Accelerates Population Increase of an Invasive Whitefly

The relationships between plant viruses, their herbivore vectors and host plants can be beneficial, neutral, or antagonistic, depending on the species involved. This variation in relationships may affect the process of biological invasion and the displacement of indigenous species by invaders when the invasive and indigenous organisms occur with niche overlap but differ in the interactions. The notorious invasive B biotype of the whitefly complex Bemisia tabaci entered China in the late 1990s and is now the predominant or only biotype in many regions of the country. Tobacco curly shoot virus (TbCSV) and Tomato yellow leaf curl China virus (TYLCCNV) are two whitefly-transmitted begomoviruses that have become widespread recently in south China. We compared the performance of the invasive B and indigenous ZHJ1 whitefly biotypes on healthy, TbCSV-infected and TYLCCNV-infected tobacco plants. Compared to its performance on healthy plants, the invasive B biotype increased its fecundity and longevity by 12 and 6 fold when feeding on TbCSV-infected plants, and by 18 and 7 fold when feeding on TYLCCNV-infected plants. Population density of the B biotype on TbCSV- and TYLCCNV-infected plants reached 2 and 13 times that on healthy plants respectively in 56 days. In contrast, the indigenous ZHJ1 performed similarly on healthy and virus-infected plants. Virus-infection status of the whiteflies per se of both biotypes showed limited effects on performance of vectors on cotton, a nonhost plant of the viruses. The indirect mutualism between the B biotype whitefly and these viruses via their host plants, and the apparent lack of such mutualism for the indigenous whitefly, may contribute to the ability of the B whitefly biotype to invade, the displacement of indigenous whiteflies, and the disease pandemics of the viruses associated with this vector

Structural and Functional Diversity of Acidic Scorpion Potassium Channel Toxins

Background: Although the basic scorpion K + channel toxins (KTxs) are well-known pharmacological tools and potential drug candidates, characterization the acidic KTxs still has the great significance for their potential selectivity towards different K + channel subtypes. Unfortunately, research on the acidic KTxs has been ignored for several years and progressed slowly. Principal Findings: Here, we describe the identification of nine new acidic KTxs by cDNA cloning and bioinformatic analyses. Seven of these toxins belong to three new a-KTx subfamilies (a-KTx28, a-KTx29, and a-KTx30), and two are new members of the known k-KTx2 subfamily. ImKTx104 containing three disulfide bridges, the first member of the a-KTx28 subfamily, has a low sequence homology with other known KTxs, and its NMR structure suggests ImKTx104 adopts a modified cystine-stabilized a-helix-loop-b-sheet (CS-a/b) fold motif that has no apparent a-helixs and b-sheets, but still stabilized by three disulfide bridges. These newly described acidic KTxs exhibit differential pharmacological effects on potassium channels. Acidic scorpion toxin ImKTx104 was the first peptide inhibitor found to affect KCNQ1 channel, which is insensitive to the basic KTxs and is strongly associated with human cardiac abnormalities. ImKTx104 selectively inhibited KCNQ1 channel with a Kd of 11.69 mM, but was less effective against the basic KTxs-sensitive potassium channels. In addition to the ImKTx104 toxin, HeTx204 peptide, containing a cystine-stabilized a-helix-loop-helix (CS-a/a) fold scaffold motif

The sugar beet gene encoding the sodium/proton exchanger 1 (BvNHX1) is regulated by a MYB transcription factor

Sodium/proton exchangers (NHX) are key players in the plant response to salinity and have a central role in establishing ion homeostasis. NHXs can be localized in the tonoplast or plasma membranes, where they exchange sodium ions for protons, resulting in sodium ions being removed from the cytosol into the vacuole or extracellular space. The expression of most plant NHX genes is modulated by exposure of the organisms to salt stress or water stress. We explored the regulation of the vacuolar NHX1 gene from the salt-tolerant sugar beet plant (BvNHX1) using Arabidopsis plants transformed with an array of constructs of BvHNX1::GUS, and the expression patterns were characterized using histological and quantitative assays. The 5′ UTR of BvNHX1, including its intron, does not modulate the activity of the promoter. Serial deletions show that a 337 bp promoter fragment sufficed for driving activity that indistinguishable from that of the full-length (2,464 bp) promoter. Mutating four putative cis-acting elements within the 337 bp promoter fragment revealed that MYB transcription factor(s) are involved in the activation of the expression of BvNHX1 upon exposure to salt and water stresses. Gel mobility shift assay confirmed that the WT but not the mutated MYB binding site is bound by nuclear protein extracted from salt-stressed Betavulgaris leaves