Logística: medición de tiempos de levante

108 2°Jornadas de Investigación. Unidad de Administración en Agronomía, Agroindustrias y Enología del CRUP En el año 2017 el Congreso Argentino aprobó la ratificación del Acuerdo de Facilitación de Comercio, suscripto por los estados parte de la OMC en el año 2013.El acuerdo prevé que los estados miembros medirán y publicarán periódicamente y de forma consistente los tiempos promedios de levante. En Argentina –dado su perfil agroexportador- cualquier mejora afectará positivamente en el sector del agro hacia la mejora de su competitividad internacional. Desarrollar e implementar una metodología de medición que cumpla los estándares de medición de TRS (Time Release Study) según las recomendaciones de la OMA. El transporte multimodal usado por las exportaciones del agro será la prioridad, dada su representación.Se considera pertinente llevar adelante un tipo de estudio de carácter mixto, es decir, exploratorio y descriptivo simultáneamente, ya que, en algunas ocasiones será necesario abordar fuentes primarias.A los distintos informes y estudios, como también las páginas web especializadas, se las estudiará mediante la técnica análisis documental, que tendrá como instrumento la grilla de análisis. Desarrollar índices de referencia para todos los sectores exportadores de Argentina que permitan medir las mejoras que se puedan desarrollar en las distintas etapas logísticas del proceso de exportación. Entendemos que las Universidades pueden cumplir con el proceso de integración de la información y suministrar los resultados a los distintos sectores, en especial a las instituciones agrícolas. Estos indicadores son críticos para la generación de información para la mejora de la competitividad de Argentina. Especialmente las exportaciones agropecuarias, que representan más del 70% del volumen de negocios

Oxygen-isotope effect on the in-plane penetration depth in underdoped Y_{1-x}Pr_xBa_2Cu_3O_{7-delta} as revealed by muon-spin rotation

The oxygen-isotope (^16O/^18O) effect (OIE) on the in-plane penetration depth $\lambda_{ab} (0)$ in underdoped Y_{1-x}Pr_xBa_2Cu_3O_{7-delta} was studied by muon-spin rotation. A pronounced OIE on $\lambda_{ab}^{-2}(0)$ was observed with a relative isotope shift of $\Delta\lambda^{-2}_{ab}/\lambda^{-2}_{ab}$=-5(2)% for x =0.3 and -9(2)% for x=0.4. It arises mainly from the oxygen-mass dependence of the in-plane effective mass $m_{ab}^{\ast}$. The OIE exponents of T_{c} and of $\lambda_{ab}^{-2}(0)$ exhibit a relation that appears to be generic for cuprate superconductors.Comment: 4 pages, 4 eps figures, RevTex

Lantana camara (verbenaceae) : a potential threat to the effectiveness of protected areas to conserve flora and fauna in Benin

Invasive plant species are today among the biggest threats to integrity of many ecosystems including that of the protected areas. Climate change may exacerbate the negative effects of invasive plant species. Here, we used the Maximum Entropy model to project habitat suitability for Lantana camara L., an invasive plant species under current and future climates in the national protected areas network of Benin. The models were run using bioclimatic data and data on soil type. Nineteen percent of the total land in the protected areas network was highly suitable for L. camara under current climate. Highly suitable areas under current and future climates cover about 65 % of the Pendjari Biosphere Reserve, the major wildlife sanctuary in Benin. Other bio-reserves such as W National Park, Lama, Agoua, Dogo-Kétou, Atchérigbé, Mékrou and Kouandé Forest Reserves were also suitable for the species. Presence of L. camara in the protected areas represents a great potential threat to the global food webs being conserved. Based on these results, areas with highly suitable habitats are at high risk of invasion by L. camara, and should be accorded high priority when formulating appropriate management strategies.Keywords: Invasive species ; Climate change ; Habitat suitability ; Protected areas ; West AfricaLantana camara et les aires protegees au BeninLes espèces invasives font de nos jours partie des plus importantes menaces aux quelles font face les écosystèmes y compris les aires protégées. Les changements climatiques peuvent amplifier leurs effets négatifs. Dans la présente étude, nous avons utilisé un algorithme de modélisation de niche écologique, le Maximum Entropy pour analyser la susceptibilité des habitats à être colonisés par Lantana camara L., une plante invasive, sous les conditions climatiques actuelles et futures dans les aires protégées du Bénin. Les modèles ont été établis en utilisant des données bioclimatiques et des données relatives aux types de sol. Dans les conditions climatiques actuelles, 19 % de la superficie totale du réseau des aires protégées est significativement favorable à L. camara. Sous les conditions climatiques actuelles et futures, 65 % de la réserve de biosphère de Pendjari, le plus important sanctuaire de faune sauvage du Bénin, est hautement favorable à l’espèce. D’autres bio-réserves telles que le Parc National W et les reserves forestières de Lama, Agoua, Dogo-Kétou, Atchérigbé, Mékrou et Kouandé ont aussi des habitats favorable à l’espèce. En nous fondant sur ces résultats, les zones favorables sont à haut risque d’invasion par L. camara et  devraient être priorisées lors de la formulation de stratégies préventives appropriées.Mots clés: Espèces envahissantes ; Changements Climatiques ; Habitats favorables ; Aires protégées, Afrique de l’Ouest

A novel inhibitor of p75-neurotrophin receptor improves functional outcomes in two models of traumatic brain injury.

The p75 neurotrophin receptor is important in multiple physiological actions including neuronal survival and neurite outgrowth during development, and after central nervous system injury. We have discovered a novel piperazine-derived compound, EVT901, which interferes with p75 neurotrophin receptor oligomerization through direct interaction with the first cysteine-rich domain of the extracellular region. Using ligand binding assays with cysteine-rich domains-fused p75 neurotrophin receptor, we confirmed that EVT901 interferes with oligomerization of full-length p75 neurotrophin receptor in a dose-dependent manner. Here we report that EVT901 reduces binding of pro-nerve growth factor to p75 neurotrophin receptor, blocks pro-nerve growth factor induced apoptosis in cells expressing p75 neurotrophin receptor, and enhances neurite outgrowth in vitro Furthermore, we demonstrate that EVT901 abrogates p75 neurotrophin receptor signalling by other ligands, such as prion peptide and amyloid-β. To test the efficacy of EVT901 in vivo, we evaluated the outcome in two models of traumatic brain injury. We generated controlled cortical impacts in adult rats. Using unbiased stereological analysis, we found that EVT901 delivered intravenously daily for 1 week after injury, reduced lesion size, protected cortical neurons and oligodendrocytes, and had a positive effect on neurological function. After lateral fluid percussion injury in adult rats, oral treatment with EVT901 reduced neuronal death in the hippocampus and thalamus, reduced long-term cognitive deficits, and reduced the occurrence of post-traumatic seizure activity. Together, these studies provide a new reagent for altering p75 neurotrophin receptor actions after injury and suggest that EVT901 may be useful in treatment of central nervous system trauma and other neurological disorders where p75 neurotrophin receptor signalling is affected

Cobalt oxide nanoparticles induce oxidative stress and alter electromechanical function in rat ventricular myocytes

Background: Nanotoxicology is an increasingly relevant field and sound paradigms on how inhaled nanoparticles (NPs) interact with organs at the cellular level, causing harmful conditions, have yet to be established. This is particularly true in the case of the cardiovascular system, where experimental and clinical evidence shows morphological and functional damage associated with NP exposure. Giving the increasing interest on cobalt oxide (Co3O4) NPs applications in industrial and bio-medical fields, a detailed knowledge of the involved toxicological effects is required, in view of assessing health risk for subjects/workers daily exposed to nanomaterials. Specifically, it is of interest to evaluate whether NPs enter cardiac cells and interact with cell function. We addressed this issue by investigating the effect of acute exposure to Co3O4-NPs on excitation-contraction coupling in freshly isolated rat ventricular myocytes. Results: Patch clamp analysis showed instability of resting membrane potential, decrease in membrane electrical capacitance, and dose-dependent decrease in action potential duration in cardiomyocytes acutely exposed to Co3O4-NPs. Motion detection and intracellular calcium fluorescence highlighted a parallel impairment of cell contractility in comparison with controls. Specifically, NP-treated cardiomyocytes exhibited a dose-dependent decrease in the fraction of shortening and in the maximal rate of shortening and re-lengthening, as well as a less efficient cytosolic calcium clearing and an increased tendency to develop spontaneous twitches. In addition, treatment with Co3O4-NPs strongly increased ROS accumulation and induced nuclear DNA damage in a dose dependent manner. Finally, transmission electron microscopy analysis demonstrated that acute exposure did lead to cellular internalization of NPs. Conclusions: Taken together, our observations indicate that Co3O4-NPs alter cardiomyocyte electromechanical efficiency and intracellular calcium handling, and induce ROS production resulting in oxidative stress that can be related to DNA damage and adverse effects on cardiomyocyte functionality

Association between migraine and HLA–DRB1 gene polymorphisms

We examined the distribution of HLA–DRB1 alleles in a cohort of 255 Italian migraine patients and in a control group of 325 healthy subjects. The frequency of DRB1*12 allele was found to be significantly reduced (p=0.02) in patients with migraine while the DRB1*16 allele was significantly increased (p=0.04) in comparison with controls. When the patients were divided into disease subgroups (migraine with and without aura), HLA–DRB1**16 allele was significantly increased (p<0.05) only in migraine without aura patients. We conclude that, in Italian patients, migraine is associated with different alleles of the HLA–DRB1 locus. Our data suggest the presence of a genetic susceptibility factor for migraine within the HLA region

Antibacterial Activity of Endophytic Actinomycetes Isolated from the Medicinal Plant \u3cem\u3eVochysia divergens\u3c/em\u3e (Pantanal, Brazil)

Endophytic actinomycetes from medicinal plants produce a wide diversity of secondary metabolites (SM). However, to date, the knowledge about endophytes from Brazil remains scarce. Thus, we analyzed the antimicrobial potential of 10 actinomycetes isolated from the medicinal plant Vochysia divergens located in the Pantanal sul-mato-grossense, an unexplored wetland in Brazil. Strains were classified as belonging to the Aeromicrobium, Actinomadura, Microbacterium, Microbispora, Micrococcus, Sphaerisporangium, Streptomyces, and Williamsia genera, through morphological and 16S rRNA phylogenetic analyzes. A susceptibility analysis demonstrated that the strains were largely resistant to the antibiotics oxacillin and nalidixic acid. Additionally, different culture media (SG and R5A), and temperatures (28 and 36°C) were evaluated to select the best culture conditions to produce the active SM. All conditions were analyzed for active metabolites, and the best antibacterial activity was observed from metabolites produced with SG medium at 36°C. The LGMB491 (close related to Aeromicrobium ponti) extract showed the highest activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), with a MIC of 0.04 mg/mL, and it was selected for SM identification. Strain LGMB491 produced 1-acetyl-β-carboline (1), indole-3-carbaldehyde (2), 3-(hydroxyacetyl)-indole (4), brevianamide F (5), and cyclo-(L-Pro-L-Phe) (6) as major compounds with antibacterial activity. In this study, we add to the knowledge about the endophytic community from the medicinal plant V. divergens and report the isolation of rare actinomycetes that produce highly active metabolites

Oxygen-isotope effect on the in-plane penetration depth in cuprate superconductors

Muon-spin rotation (muSR) studies of the oxygen isotope (^{16}O/^{18}O) effect (OIE) on the in-plane magnetic field penetration depth lambda_{ab} in cuprate high-temperature superconductors (HTS) are presented. First, the doping dependence of the OIE on the transition temperature T_c in various HTS is briefly discussed. It is observed that different cuprate families show a similar doping dependence of the OIE on T_c. Then, bulk muSR, low-energy muSR, and magnetization studies of the total and site-selective OIE on lambda_{ab} are described in some detail. A substantial OIE on lambda_{ab} was observed in various cuprate families at all doping levels, suggesting that cuprate HTS are non-adiabatic superconductors. The experiments clearly demonstrate that the total OIE on T_c and lambda_{ab} arise from the oxygen sites within the superconducting CuO_2 planes, demonstrating that the phonon modes involving the movement of planar oxygen are dominantly coupled to the supercarriers. Finally, it is shown that the OIE on T_c and lambda_{ab} exhibit a relation that appears to be generic for different families of cuprate HTS. The observation of these unusual isotope effects implies that lattice effects play an essential role in cuprate HTS and have to be considered in any realistic model of high-temperature superconductivity.Comment: 22 pages, 12 figures. To be published in a special issue of J. Phys. Cond. Ma

Quality and thermal characterization of glutenin-rich fractions of wheat flour (Triticum aestivum) obtained by different extraction methods

Wheat gluten is mainly responsible for the structural characteristics of bakery products. When studying wheat proteins, it is important to use reliable extraction methods. Four different methods of wheat protein extraction were studied, with emphasis on the glutenin-rich fractions. The final quality of the protein fractions was evaluated in terms of denaturation, indirect yield, molecular weight, secondary structure, and thermal profile. Our results indicate that addition of dithiothreitol improves glutenin extraction without interfering with protein secondary structure and denaturation. Different thermal profiles were evidenced for different extraction methods, indicating the selectivity of the processes. Denaturation temperatures of the samples showed differences within about 3 °C, while denaturation enthalpies (ΔH) differed by about 14 kJ µg−1. Data in this paper may provide a broader perspective on how wheat proteins are affected by the extraction method

Near-complete genome sequence and seed transmission evaluation of Physalis rugose mosaic virus from southern Brazil.

Physalis rugose mosaic virus (PhyRMV) causes severe damage to Physalis peruviana L., affecting vegetative parameters, fruit quantity and quality. The aim of this study was to perform a molecular characterization of PhyRMV associated with P. peruviana from commercial fields in the municipality of Lages, Santa Catarina State, Southern Brazil, and to evaluate its transmission by seeds. Plants displaying mosaic, dwarfism, and leaf malformation symptoms were collected from P. peruviana. Double-stranded RNA was extracted and submitted to cDNA library synthesis and high-throughput sequencing (HTS). For the virus transmission assay, seeds from PhyRMV-infected plants were used, and viral infection in seedlings was verified using symptomatic and molecular diagnosis. PhyRMV RNA has 4162 nucleotides (nts) and a genomic organization similar to that of other sobemoviruses and shares 97% nt identity with the previously characterized PhyRMV Piracicaba isolate. Results indicated the unlikely transmission of PhyRMV by physalis seeds. Key words: characterization, PhyRMV, Sobemovirus