Diffraction in time of a confined particle and its Bohmian paths

Diffraction in time of a particle confined in a box which its walls are removed suddenly at $t=0$ is studied. The solution of the time-dependent Schr\"{o}dinger equation is discussed analytically and numerically for various initial wavefunctions. In each case Bohmian trajectories of the particles are computed and also the mean arrival time at a given location is studied as a function of the initial state.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figure

Water-stress induced physiological changes in leaves of four container-grown grapevine cultivars (Vitis vinifera L.)

Predawn leaf water potential, night respiration, stomatal conductance, transpiration, and photosynthesis of 4 grapevine cultivars were assessed under irrigated and non-irrigated conditions in July, August and September 1994. Predawn leaf water potential was not significantly related to either stomatal conductance or photosynthesis. Water stress induced distinct stomatal closure in all cultivars at 11 a.m. For a given stomatal conductance rate, photosynthesis of stressed vines was lower than that of nonstressed vines. At similar stomatal conductance rate, photosynthesis was lower in cv. Chardonnay than in any other cultivar. Photosynthesis was the physiological parameter mostly affected by water stress. Dry matter production was linearly related to stomatal conductance, photosynthesis, and the night respiration to photosynthesis ratio for all vines pooled together. In contrast, under stress conditions dry matter production was not related to any physiological parameter.

Matter-wave diffraction in time with a linear potential

Diffraction in time of matter waves incident on a shutter which is removed at time $t=0$ is studied in the presence of a linear potential. The solution is also discussed in phase space in terms of the Wigner function. An alternative configuration relevant to current experiments where particles are released from a hard wall trap is also analyzed for single-particle states and for a Tonks-Girardeau gas.Comment: 11 pages, 6 figure

Open inflationary universes in a brane world cosmology

In this paper, we study a type of one-field model for open inflationary universe models in the context of the brane world models. In the scenario of a one-bubble universe model, we determine and characterize the existence of the Coleman-De Lucia instanton, together with the period of inflation after tunneling has occurred. Our results are compared to those found in the Einstein theory of Relativistic Models.Comment: 8 pages, 4 Figures, accepted in Physical Review

The case for early use of rapid whole-genome sequencing in management of critically ill infants: late diagnosis of Coffin-Siris syndrome in an infant with left congenital diaphragmatic hernia, congenital heart disease, and recurrent infections.

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) results from incomplete formation of the diaphragm leading to herniation of abdominal organs into the thoracic cavity. CDH is associated with pulmonary hypoplasia, congenital heart disease, and pulmonary hypertension. Genetically, it is associated with aneuploidies, chromosomal copy-number variants, and single gene mutations. CDH is the most expensive noncardiac congenital defect. Management frequently requires implementation of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), which increases management expenditures 2.4-3.5-fold. The cost of management of CDH has been estimated to exceed $250 million per year. Despite in-hospital survival of 80%-90%, current management is imperfect, as a great proportion of surviving children have long-term functional deficits. We report the case of a premature infant prenatally diagnosed with CDH and congenital heart disease, who had a protracted and complicated course in the intensive care unit with multiple surgical interventions, including postcardiac surgery ECMO, gastrostomy tube placement with Nissen fundoplication, tracheostomy for respiratory failure, recurrent infections, and developmental delay. Rapid whole-genome sequencing (rWGS) identified a de novo, likely pathogenic, c.3096_ 3100delCAAAG (p.Lys1033Argfs*32) variant in ARID1B, providing a diagnosis of Coffin-Siris syndrome. Her parents elected palliative care and she died later that day

Higher dimensional gravity invariant under the Poincare group

It is shown that the Stelle-West Grignani-Nardelli-formalism allows, both when odd dimensions and when even dimensions are considered, constructing actions for higher dimensional gravity invariant under local Lorentz rotations and under local Poincar\`{e} translations. It is also proved that such actions have the same coefficients as those obtained by Troncoso and Zanelli in ref. Class. Quantum Grav. 17 (2000) 4451.Comment: 7 pages, Latex, accepted in Phys. Rev.

Effect of previous water conditions on vine response to rewatering

A comparative study of stomatal responses to rewatering was conducted on grapevines previously subjected to conditions of water stress and no water stress. Two cultivars were grown in 35 L lysimeters: 'Airén', from the dry zone of La Mancha, and 'Chardonnay', from the humid zone of Burgundy. The day after rewatering no significant differences in soil water content were found between water treatments or cultivars. However, predawn leaf water potential was significantly higher under non-stress than under stressed conditions, differences between cultivars were also found. Water consumption during the 5 d after rewatering was directly related to vine leaf area development. Vines grown under water stress conditions showed more uniform stomatal behaviour after rewatering. One day after rewatering rates of leaf conductance, transpiration and net photosynthesis were significantly higher in non-stressed vines, while 3 d after rewatering leaf conductance and transpiration were significantly higher in vines previously subjected to water stress. Net photosynthesis was significantly higher in water-stressed vines 5 d after rewatering. No differences were found between cultivars with regard to leaf conductance. The differences in the relationship between net photosynthesis and leaf conductance between stressed and non-stressed vines before rewatering were not found after rewatering. The only permanent adaptation mechanism to water stress was a lowering of leaf area development, which allowed water-stressed vines to consume less water to maintain a higher water availability and high or constant stomatal conductance.

Relación entre consumo de alcohol y autoestima en adolescentes

[Resumen] Numerosas investigaciones sobre las conductas de salud en los adolescentes, han intentado determinar los principales factores, tanto demográficos como psicosocia1es, implicados en el inicio y mantenimiento del consumo de alcohol. Aunque uno de los factores más estudiados ha sido la autoestima, los resultados sobre su relación con el alcohol no son claros. En el presente estudio se analiza la relación entre el consumo de alcohol y los niveles de autoestima en una muestra de 415 adolescentes, de edades comprendidas entre los 12 y los 18 años, que cursan entre 10 y 40 de la E.S.O. Además de analizar los niveles medios de autoestima, se ha dividido la muestra por subgrupos de sujetos con autoestima muy baja y autoestima muy alta, y se ha intentando determinar su relación con el consumo de alcohol, por sexos y cursos. Los resultados de los análisis no avalan la hipótesis de la existencia de una relación entre los niveles de autoestima y el consumo de alcohol en la presente muestra de adolescente

Relación entre consumo de alcohol y eutoestima en adolescentes

[Resumen] Numerosas investigaciones sobre las conductas de salud en los adolescentes, han intentado determinar los principales factores, tanto demográficos como psicosocia1es, implicados en el inicio y mantenimiento del consumo de alcohol. Aunque uno de los factores más estudiados ha sido la autoestima, los resultados sobre su relación con el alcohol no son claros. En el presente estudio se analiza la relación entre el consumo de alcohol y los niveles de autoestima en una muestra de 415 adolescentes, de edades comprendidas entre los 12 y los 18 años, que cursan entre 10 y 40 de la E.S.O. Además de analizar los niveles medios de autoestima, se ha dividido la muestra por subgrupos de sujetos con autoestima muy baja y autoestima muy alta, y se ha intentando determinar su relación con el consumo de alcohol, por sexos y cursos. Los resultados de los análisis no avalan la hipótesis de la existencia de una relación entre los niveles de autoestima y el consumo de alcohol en la presente muestra de adolescentes

Consumo de drogas y autoestima en adolescentes

[Resumen] El consumo de drogas entre los adolescentes es uno de los mayores problemas psicosociales a los que se enfrentan los profesionales de la salud. El énfasis en los programas preventivos hace necesario el estudio de los factores determinantes del inicio y mantenimiento del abuso de sustancias entre adolescentes. La mayoría de los programas preventivos incluyen la mejora de los niveles de autoestima, a pesar de que los estudios que analizan su relación con el consumo de sustancias, han encontrado resultados contradictorios. En el presente estudio se analiza la relación entre el consumo de drogas distintas al alcohol y tabaco y los niveles de autoestima, en una muestra de 415 adolescentes de edades comprendidas entre los 12 y los 18 años y que estudiaban entre 10 y 40 de E. S. O., en escuelas públicas y privadas de la Comunidad Autónoma Gallega. Además de analizar los niveles medios de autoestima, se ha dividido la muestra entre sujetos con autoestima muy baja y autoestima muy alta. Los resultados no apoyan la hipótesis de una relación entre el consumo de drogas y los niveles de autoestima en la presente muestra de adolescente