12,434 research outputs found
Interhalogens as Oxidimetric Titrants: Part VIII* - Semimicro Determination of Some Thiourea Complexes Using Iodine Monochloride
599-60
Thermal Decomposition Studies: Part VII* - Kinetics of Depyridination of Pyridine-thiocyanato Complexes of Mn (II), Ni (II), Cu (II) & Zn (II)
402-40
Perception amongst dental professionals on potentially-malignant lesions and oral cancer
published_or_final_versio
Neuromorphic In-Memory Computing Framework using Memtransistor Cross-bar based Support Vector Machines
This paper presents a novel framework for designing support vector machines
(SVMs), which does not impose restriction on the SVM kernel to be
positive-definite and allows the user to define memory constraint in terms of
fixed template vectors. This makes the framework scalable and enables its
implementation for low-power, high-density and memory constrained embedded
application. An efficient hardware implementation of the same is also
discussed, which utilizes novel low power memtransistor based cross-bar
architecture, and is robust to device mismatch and randomness. We used
memtransistor measurement data, and showed that the designed SVMs can achieve
classification accuracy comparable to traditional SVMs on both synthetic and
real-world benchmark datasets. This framework would be beneficial for design of
SVM based wake-up systems for internet of things (IoTs) and edge devices where
memtransistors can be used to optimize system's energy-efficiency and perform
in-memory matrix-vector multiplication (MVM).Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures, MWSCAS 201
Circular dichroism of magneto-phonon resonance in doped graphene
Polarization resolved, Raman scattering response due to E phonon in
monolayer graphene has been investigated in magnetic fields up to 29 T. The
hybridization of the E phonon with only the fundamental inter Landau
level excitation (involving the n=0 Landau level) is observed and only in one
of the two configurations of the circularly crossed polarized excitation and
scattered light. This polarization anisotropy of the magneto-phonon resonance
is shown to be inherent to relatively strongly doped graphene samples, with
carrier concentration typical for graphene deposited on SiO
A simple paper test for isoniazid in urine
Tests for the presence of chemotherapeutic
drugs or their metabolites in urine play an
important part in the management of the
treatment of tuberculosis (Dixon et al., 1957;
Fox, 1958). A previous report from this
Centre (Gangadharam et al., 1958) presented a
comparison of a number of methods for detecting
isoniazid in urine including the direct
naphthoquinone-mercuric chloride (N-M) test
(Short and Case, 1957), and also a modification
of this test which employed alkaline hydrolysis
to liberate isoniazid from its conjugated forms.
The direct-and hydrolysis N-M tests have been
employed in this Centre for the past four years
to control the self-administration of isoniazid
used in the domiciliary treatment of pulmonary
tuberculosis. The effect of irregularity in
taking isoniazid as detected by these tests on
the response to treatment has been reported
elsewhere (Tuberculosis Chemotherapy Centre,
1960). Since this method has the disadvantage
that it requires a certain amount of equipment
and trained personnel, it is not suitable for
routine use in all chest clinics or under field
conditions.
An attempt was therefore made in this
Centre to simplify the direct N-M test by
incorporating the reagents in absorbent papers;
Though impregnation of the paper with the
pHl0 buffer and naphthoquinone reagent was
successful, impregnation with the aqueous
solution of the mercuric chloride was unsatisfactory.
In 1960, Cattaneo, Fantoli and Belasio
published details of a paper test modification
of the N-M test in which this difficulty was
overcome by impregnating absorbent papers
with a solution of mercuric chloride in ether.
Since then this modification has been adopted
for the preparation of the test-paper developed
in this Centre.
Since a lower concentration of the naphthoquinone
reagent and a shorter period of exposure
was used in the preparation of the testpaper
developed in this Centre than described by Cattaneo et al. (1960), both the paper tests
have been compared with the direct and combined
N-M tests described previously (Gangadharam
et al., 1958). This paper presents the
results of the comparison and of an
of the specificity of the paper test
Gluon mass generation without seagull divergences
Dynamical gluon mass generation has been traditionally plagued with seagull
divergences, and all regularization procedures proposed over the years yield
finite but scheme-dependent gluon masses. In this work we show how such
divergences can be eliminated completely by virtue of a characteristic
identity, valid in dimensional regularization. The ability to trigger the
aforementioned identity hinges crucially on the particular Ansatz employed for
the three-gluon vertex entering into the Schwinger-Dyson equation governing the
gluon propagator. The use of the appropriate three-gluon vertex brings about an
additional advantage: one obtains two separate (but coupled) integral
equations, one for the effective charge and one for the gluon mass. This system
of integral equations has a unique solution, which unambiguously determines
these two quantities. Most notably, the effective charge freezes in the
infrared, and the gluon mass displays power-law running in the ultraviolet, in
agreement with earlier considerations.Comment: 37 pages, 9 figures; minor typos corrected and a few brief
explanatory remarks adde
Precise and ultrafast molecular sieving through graphene oxide membranes
There has been intense interest in filtration and separation properties of
graphene-based materials that can have well-defined nanometer pores and exhibit
low frictional water flow inside them. Here we investigate molecular permeation
through graphene oxide laminates. They are vacuum-tight in the dry state but,
if immersed in water, act as molecular sieves blocking all solutes with
hydrated radii larger than 4.5A. Smaller ions permeate through the membranes
with little impedance, many orders of magnitude faster than the diffusion
mechanism can account for. We explain this behavior by a network of
nanocapillaries that open up in the hydrated state and accept only species that
fit in. The ultrafast separation of small salts is attributed to an 'ion
sponge' effect that results in highly concentrated salt solutions inside
graphene capillaries
Return emigrants in Kerala : rehabilitation problems and development potential
This research report is aimed at three aspects of return emigrants
in Kerala – their occupational mobility, utilisation of their human and
material resources in Kerala’s development and their rehabilitation. It
describes their demographic, social and economic characteristics before
emigration, after emigration and, after return to Kerala. Also included
are the financial costs of and benefits from emigration and the problems
faced by them in the Gulf countries and in Kerala after return. A few
suggestions for their rehabilitation and their possible role in the state’s
development effort are made in the concluding part.
The study shows that there was indeed considerable difference
between the industrial affiliation of the return emigrants in Kerala before
emigration and after their return to Kerala. As much as 43 percent of the
return emigrants had changed their industrial sector in between emigration
and return. However, real transition in the economic sector, in the sense
of a systematic movement from primary sector to secondary sector and
from secondary sector to tertiary sector was only about 18 percent, less
than half of the total movements. Thus, there were movements, but very
little meaningful transition. Some workers moved from agriculture and
allied sectors to manufacturing or service sectors, but some others moved
back from the manufacturing and the service sectors to the primary sector.
The Government of Kerala has been looking up to the emigrants
and return emigrants for help in the state’s development programmes.
How much could the return emigrants actually contribute? This study
shows that while emigrants while abroad could play a significant role in
this matter, the role that the return emigrants would be able to play is
limited. There are about three-quarters of a million return emigrants in
Kerala today. However, they are relatively old with an average age of 41.7 years. A few are even too old and/or too sick to work. Some feel
that there is no need for them to work at all; with the money they have
earned abroad, they would rather enjoy a leisurely life back at home.
The majority of them have, however, neither the human nor the material
resources to make a real contribution to Kerala’s development. They
have relatively poor levels of general education and technical education.
Nor do there exist much of entrepreneurial abilities and leadership
qualities among them. Most of them have already spent their savings
and are looking for assistance to keep up the relatively high levels of
living they have been accustomed to, following migration.
There is, however, one factor, an important factor in the Kerala
context, in their favour: they constitute a much more disciplined and
committed work force than the general breed of ‘conscientised’ workers
of Kerala. If it is possible to instil entrepreneurial skills and leadership
qualities among them and supply them with technical skills and required
finance, they might possibly make a real contribution to the development
of Kerala. This is however a tall order of demand: the Government could
at best act only as a facilitator in this effort.
The richer and the more endowed with human resources and
entrepreneurial leadership qualities do not seem to have returned to Kerala
in considerable numbers. They are still out there in the Gulf and other
countries employed in tenured jobs or engaged in secure businmess
activities. They are the ones to be roped in to work for the economic
resurgence of Kerala. For that effort to succeed, however, an entirely
new approach to NRIs is needed. This research report does not pertain
to this aspect of the NRIs.
While the Government wants assistance from the return emigrants
in the state’s development, what the majority of the return emigrants expect the most from the Government is help for their own rehabilitation.
In our view, in a large number of cases they do deserve help.When they
had been abroad they had made significant contribution to the state’s
development. Emigration has been the single-most factor in the otherwise
dreary development scenario of Kerala in the last quarter of the last
century. An emigrant who returned to Kerala in recent years had, on an
average, earned a total of about Rs 750,000 during the 6 years and 3
months period, he was out there. The contribution of emigrants to
reduction of unemployment and poverty levels and improving the housing
conditions of Kerala is widely acclaimed.
But almost all their foreign savings have been used up for
subsistence, buying land, constructing houses, paying dowries, paying
back debts, etc. What little was left with a few was invested in selfemployment
projects which in practice yielded little in terms of income
and the majority of which have met with natural death in the course of a
few years. Return emigrants are now a disillusioned lot, hoping that the
Government would bail them out.
Among the return emigrants there exists a small proportion, about
one-fifth, whose emigrations were misadventures and had resulted in
their loss of wealth, wastage of energy and loss of health. This group
finds its survival precarious. There is not much economic justification
for any agency to dole out social welfare assistance except perhaps to
this small proportion. In general, the Government may not find it
justifiable to implement social welfare programmes for all return
emigrants. The return emigrants have time and again proved that financial
assistance given to them by way of loans for small-scale industries won’t
cut much ice. Many of them want pension, but we find little justification
for any special treatment for the return emigrants in preference to other
deserving segments of the population. We make two suggestions for the rehabilitation of return emigrants,
for those who have already come back and for those who would be
returning in future: establishment of a welfare scheme and organisation
of co-operatives for specific tasks (example, public works, tourism
projects etc) in which the work discipline the return emigrants have
acquired abroad could be of immense use. The seed money for both
should come from the commercial banks of Kerala, the institutions which
have received and continue to receive, massive inflows of funds by way
of emigrants’ remittances. But the maintenance of the welfare schemes
on a continuing basis should be the responsibility of the emigrants still
abroad and that of the co-operatives of the returned emigrants themselves.
JEL Classification : J10, J18, J22, J31
Key Words: Return migration, remittances, rehabilitation, Keral
Bubbling and bistability in two parameter discrete systems
We present a graphical analysis of the mechanisms underlying the occurrences
of bubbling sequences and bistability regions in the bifurcation scenario of a
special class of one dimensional two parameter maps. The main result of the
analysis is that whether it is bubbling or bistability is decided by the sign
of the third derivative at the inflection point of the map function.Comment: LaTeX v2.09, 14 pages with 4 PNG figure
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