Effects of Fishmeal or Urea Supplementation on Ruminal Fibre Digestion and Passage Kinetics in Bali Cows

Five non-pregnant Bali cows were used in a 5x5 latin square experimental design with the objective to study the effects of supplementation of graded levels of urea or fishmeal on fibre intake and digestion kinetics in Bali cows consuming low quality tropical grass hay. The animals were given ad libitum access to grass hay or supplemented daily with two levels of urea, i.e. 38 and 74 g, or two levels of fishmeal, i.e. 156 and 312 g. The measured parameters included were intake and apparent digestibility of DM and NDF, in sacco ruminal fibre degradation, and in vivo ruminal NDF digestion and passage kinetics. Intakes of DM and NDF were significantly improved by supplementation of both urea and fishmeal with fishmeal exerted a better effect at low level of supplementation. The increase of intake was mainly associated with the significant increase of rumen in sacco degradation of NDF. However, in vivo rumen digestions of NDF and DNDF were not significantly improved by supplementation due to the increased rumen pool of NDF after protein supplementation. As a result, rumen passage and digestion rates were not affected by supplementation. The effective level of fishmeal and urea supplementation to improve the intake of low quality fibrous tropical grass hay in Bali cows were 152 g/d and 74 g/d, respectively. (Animal Production 12(2): 74-81 (2010)Key Words: Bali cows, digestion kinetics, fishmeal, ure

Kajian Kelayakan Operasional Rumah Pemotongan Hewan (Rph) Oeba Pemerintah Kota Kupang Nusa Tenggara Timur Dalam Menghasilkan Daging Dengan Kualitas Asuh

Based on the result of Rohyati,et al (2007), the RPH Oeba did not fulfill 82,78% of complex and operational requirements or only meet 19.25% to those standards in producing meat with ASUH quality (Safe, hygiene, Wholesome, and Halal). Through this article, the writer tried to analyze about the appropriate level of operational activity of RPH Oeba in meat producing with ASUH quality. Some of operational in the slaughterhouse that not fulfilled those standards are: No attention for workers hygiene and animal welfare, all operational using of non-hygiene water, using nonstandardized equipments, not appropriate based on Islamic rules, skinning and carcass handling were not done properly, slaughtering process was not following the direction of stream production, “Clean and dirty” operational activities were located in the same areas, ante mortem and postmortem inspection were not done, sick animal and productive female were also slaughtered, sick animal was not isolated in quarantine pen

Effects of Fishmeal or Urea Supplementation on Ruminal Fibre Digestion and Passage Kinetics in Bali Cows

Five non-pregnant Bali cows were used in a 5x5 latin square experimental design with the objective to study the effects of supplementation of graded levels of urea or fishmeal on fibre intake and digestion kinetics in Bali cows consuming low quality tropical grass hay. The animals were given ad libitum access to grass hay or supplemented daily with two levels of urea, i.e. 38 and 74 g, or two levels of fishmeal, i.e. 156 and 312 g. The measured parameters included were intake and apparent digestibility of DM and NDF, in sacco ruminal fibre degradation, and in vivo ruminal NDF digestion and passage kinetics. Intakes of DM and NDF were significantly improved by supplementation of both urea and fishmeal with fishmeal exerted a better effect at low level of supplementation. The increase of intake was mainly associated with the significant increase of rumen in sacco degradation of NDF. However, in vivo rumen digestions of NDF and DNDF were not significantly improved by supplementation due to the increased rumen pool of NDF after protein supplementation. As a result, rumen passage and digestion rates were not affected by supplementation. The effective level of fishmeal and urea supplementation to improve the intake of low quality fibrous tropical grass hay in Bali cows were 152 g/d and 74 g/d, respectively. (Animal Production 12(2): 74-81 (2010

Perdagangan Antar Pulau Sapi Bali Dari Timor Barat Ke DKI Jakarta

A research was conducted for eight months to know trading system of Bali Cattle from Timor to DKI Jakarta and level of its body weight loses. Two hundred eighteen Bali Cattle were used in this research. The research was used survey and interview method to collect the data. Data were analyzed using Qualitative Descriptive Analysis and Proc. ANOVA (SAS institute, 2000) and further tested using Least Significant Diffrence (LSD). Results showed that trading system of Bali Cattle is begun from whole saler Jakarta send money to interisland tradesman then money is continued to collectors tradesman to buy cattle, furthermore cattle is sent by interisland tradesman to whole saler Jakarta later on sell cow to cutter or consumer at Jakarta. transportation tool that used truck colt diesel motor, boat (cargo), coupled truck, trintin tronton or trinton. The level of body weight loses was very high (8.53-17.30%) and of course it significant difference (P<0.01) for every Bali cattle came from. It is concluded that places of Bali cattle lived in give a different level of body weight lose

Tingkat Pendapatan Peternak Pada Penggemukan Sapi Bali Dengan Sistem Bagi Hasil Di Kabupaten Kupang

Income Level of Farmers on Fattening Bali Cattle using Profit Share System. The research conducted during 10 months in 2009 and aimed to identify the contribution of income from fattening cattle farmers and to determine the factors affecting the level of income from such business. Sixty farmers were taken as respondents by purposive random sampling in Amarasi, Kupang regency. Data were collected through interviews with respondents and were continued with inputoutput analysis and statistical analysis using correlation analysis, regression analysis, and is equipped with the calculation of the coefficient of multiple determinations (R2). The results showed that the business was able to provide cash income to farmers amounted to Rp 281,303.08; simultaneously, the income is influenced significantly (P<0.01) by the number of fattened cattle, cattle's age, length of fattening period, the cost of cattle's feed, and labor costs, with a coefficient of multiple determination (R2) amounted to 85.6%

Feed and water deprivation has a negative but transient effect on the rumen kinetics of Bos indicus steers

The effects on rumen kinetics after feed and water had been deprived for 72 hr were studied using four fistulated Bos indicus steers. The animals were assigned in a 2x4 crossover design with two treatments: feed and water ad libitum (control) and no feed and water for 72 hr (deprived) with four steers per treatment over two time periods. Feed and water deprivation caused decreases in the numbers of cellulolytic bacteria (1.4 vs. 0.4 cfu x 10(6)/ml; p=.001), live (23.7 vs. 0.8 x 10(9)/ml; p=.001), dead (12.7 vs. 0.5 x 10(9)/ml; p=.001) and total bacterial counts (36.4 vs. 1.4 x 10(9)/ml; p=.001) at day 0, compared with the control treatment. However, the deprived group had greater numbers of cellulolytic bacteria (2.7 vs. 50.1 cfu x 10(6)/ml; p=.001), live (18.3 vs. 42.2 x 10(9)/ml; p=.001), dead (6. 5 vs. 19.1 x 10(9)/ml; p=.001) and total bacterial counts (24.8 vs. 61.3 x 10(9)/ml; p=.001) from rumen fluid on day 4, compared with the control treatment. The numbers of protozoa in rumen fluid from the deprived group were less than (551.2 vs. 2.4 x 10(3)/ml; p=.001) the control group on day 0. However, the deprived treatment had fewer protozoa in rumen fluid than the control treatment on day 4 (p=.001) and day 9 (p=.001). Volatile fatty acids and in vitro gas production as functional measurements of rumen fluid followed the same trend as the bacterial and protozoa populations. These results indicate that feed and water deprivation would have a negative but transient effect on the rumen kinetics of Bos indicus steers

Improving calf survival and performance by supplementation in Bali cattle

An on-farm experiment was conducted in several villages in the district of Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara Province (NTT), Indonesia from June to October 2007. The experiment investigated the efficacy of a supplementation strategy to improve calf survival and performance during the dry season. A total of 258 Bali (Banteng, Bos javanicus) cow-calf pairs were used in the experiment. Calves from the 190 cow-calf pairs in the treatment groups were allocated grass hay + concentrate supplementation as follows: 1% (n = 98), 2% (n = 56) and 3% (n = 42) of calf bodyweight. There were 62 cow-calf pairs in the unsupplemented control group. The supplement consisted of grass hay and concentrate (rice bran, cornmeal, leucaena leaf and fish meal) containing 18% crude protein. The supplement was introduced to calves in the morning while confined to calf pens when the dams were grazing. Calves were reunited with the cows during the night. Parameters measured were calf mortality, calf and cow daily gain, and milk production. Supplementation tended to reduce calf mortality (P = 0.094) from 6.4% in control to 0% in calves receiving 2% and 3% supplement. Levels of supplementation significantly (P < 0.001) improved calf daily weight gain. Bodyweight changes and milk production of cows were unaffected by calf supplementation. It can be concluded that supplementation at 2% calf bodyweight reduces calf mortality and improves calf weight gain

Sekuensing Gen Melanocortin 1 Receptor (MC1R) pada Sapi Bali Betina Kupang

The aim of this research was to identify the nucleotide sequence of the Melanocortin 1 Receptor gene in sorrel-, black- and white- Bali cows by PCR, DNA sequencing, and the percentage of nucleotide similarity. Blood sampels were taken from seventeen sorrel-, eighteen black-, and eight white Bali cows. Identification of nucleotode used PCR and DNA sequencing method. Amplification of PCR product to the MC1R-gene of Bali cow-originated-Kupang was at 296 bp.Nucleotide have change is p52C>T, p223C>A in cattle (Sorrel, white Bali cows) and p147C>T in cattle (black, sorrel and white Bali cows). Nucleotide C plays an important role in the formation of black pigment, changes nucleotide C to nucleotide T causes change in coat color at sorrel and white Bali Cows. It can be concluded that the melanocortin 1 receptor gene play a role in the formation of coat color in Bali cow Kupang with a percentage of nucleotide similarity were 99.662% at black Bali cow, Sorrel and white Bali cows were 98.986% with Bos tauru