The Politics and Culture in the Mouvman Rasin in Haiti

131 leaves; 28c

DIGGING THE ROOTS or Resistance and identity politics of the mouvman rasin in Haiti

Submitted to the Center of Latin American Studies and the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Kansas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of ArtsThe ideological, cultural, and physical means which brought François Duvalier to power in 1957 created a process whereby the state idea became the metonym for all Haitian identity. In what is now called the Roots movement, some people working on the grassroots level began resisting the Duvaliers and asserting a new Haitian identity for themselves. Among the several parts of the movement, people calling themselves sanba-s began experiencing and living according to what they considered “traditional” means, wherefrom they created a new music, mizik rasin. An analysis of the sanba-s’ politics of identity regarding history, music, dress, language, and religion conveys a cultural critique of late Duvalierism and other contemporary social issues

The Faces of Haiti: Resolute in Reform, Resistance and Recovery

This report describes the activities and findings of the University of Kansas Haitian Research Initiative team that travelled to Haiti in July 2011. The purpose of the visit was to assess the current research and educational environment in Haiti, and to form professional connections in order to develop further ties between the University of Kansas and Haitian institutions. The report includes four chapters: 1) Haiti in Perspective: An Outsider's View by Maryemma Graham; 2) Making KU Connections by Kiran Jayaram; 3) A Haitian Businessman Speaks by C. B. Claiborne; and 4) The Libraries of Haiti: Creating a Knowledge Society by Brian Rosenblum. There is also a concluding section with suggestions for further action for KU.This report was supported by The (Domestic) International Center for Community and Human Development (ICCHD) and by the following units at the University of Kansas: Institute for Policy and Social Research; KU Libraries; English Department; Project on the History of Black Writing; Latin American Studies Program; International Programs; Center for Research Faculty/Staff Development Fund; College of Liberal Arts and Sciences International Travel Fund; Kansas African Studies Cente

Hitting the Books and Pounding the Pavement: Haitian Educational and Labor Migrants in the Dominican Republic

What do the practices and subjectivities of migrants disclose about the political economy and society of their host country? What meanings do they attach to working or studying abroad? What can be done to manage life while mitigating the effects of the state, the market, and xenophobia? This dissertation examines two relatively new distinct populations-Haitian university students and workers--in order to examine how class mediates migration experiences. More specifically, I considered how migrants, or what I call mobilites, live and understand their specific engagements with the state, market, and society across differences in race, class, gender, and citizenship. Their actual experiences of incorporation belie neoliberal understandings that would posit a neat alignment of their lives along a vector indexing the market value of their skills. In this monograph, I show how early 21st century Dominican Republic developed its particular economy and the political, legal, social, and spatial dynamics of Santo Domingo as a neoliberal capital city. Using that as context, I describe what the experiences of these students and workers reveal about the state and the economy of the Dominican Republic. Educational mobilites manage their educational studies in the context of the pressures of modern capitalism and of xenophobia within their host country. Labor mobilites, for their part, create subjectivities based upon specific meanings of work and interaction with the state, the market, and others in the street to inform their overall economic participation. The labor process and the commodity chains of the various trades in which Haitians participate reveal engagements with and contributions to various types of global flows. I found that through the practice of these trades, the Dominican state plays a role both the creation of Haitian entrepreneurs as well as the occasional stifling of their businesses. Analyzing their work also shows how the market might appear to mitigate anti-Haitianism. Along with their labor practices, Haitians create subjectivities related to their role as workers and as urban residents to facilitate their life in the neoliberal city. Inspired by the work of David Harvey, who states (2001) that the process of capital accumulation thrives upon and generates difference, and drawing on concepts from anthropology, mobility studies, political economy, and urban studies, I argue that examining the practices and subjectivities of these two groups reveal globalizations of a middling kind, one that is neither akin to that of a transnational elite nor of an ethnic underclass

The Faces of Haiti: Resolute in Reform, Resistance and Recovery

Commemorating the Tenth Anniversary of the Earthquake in Haiti. Contains a new Foreword by Dr. Cécile AccilienThis report describes the activities and findings of the University of Kansas Haitian Research Initiative team that travelled to Haiti in July 2011. The purpose of the visit was to assess the current research and educational environment in Haiti, and to form professional connections in order to develop further ties between the University of Kansas and Haitian institutions. The report includes a Foreword by Dr. Cécile Accilien and four chapters: 1) Haiti in Perspective: An Outsider's View by Maryemma Graham; 2) Making KU Connections by Kiran Jayaram; 3) A Haitian Businessman Speaks by C. B. Claiborne; and 4) The Libraries of Haiti: Creating a Knowledge Society by Brian Rosenblum. There is also a concluding section with suggestions for further action for KU

Evidence Favoring a Positive Feedback Loop for Physiologic Auto Upregulation of hnRNP-E1 during Prolonged Folate Deficiency in Human Placental Cells

Background: Previously, we determined that heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein E1 (hnRNP-E1) functions as an intracellular physiologic sensor of folate deficiency. In this model, l-homocysteine, which accumulates intracellularly in proportion to the extent of folate deficiency, covalently binds to and thereby activates homocysteinylated hnRNP-E1 to interact with folate receptor-α mRNA; this high-affinity interaction triggers the translational upregulation of cell surface folate receptors, which enables cells to optimize folate uptake from the external milieu. However, integral to this model is the need for ongoing generation of hnRNP-E1 to replenish homocysteinylated hnRNP-E1 that is degraded.Objective: We searched for an interrelated physiologic mechanism that could also maintain the steady-state concentration of hnRNP-E1 during prolonged folate deficiency.Methods: A novel RNA-protein interaction was functionally characterized by using molecular and biochemical approaches in vitro and in vivo.Results: l-homocysteine triggered a dose-dependent high-affinity interaction between hnRNP-E1 and a 25-nucleotide cis element within the 5'-untranslated region of hnRNP-E1 mRNA; this led to a proportionate increase in these RNA-protein complexes, and translation of hnRNP-E1 both in vitro and within placental cells. Targeted perturbation of this RNA-protein interaction either by specific 25-nucleotide antisense oligonucleotides or mutation within this cis element or by small interfering RNA to hnRNP-E1 mRNA significantly reduced cellular biosynthesis of hnRNP-E1. Conversely, transfection of hnRNP-E1 mutant proteins that mimicked homocysteinylated hnRNP-E1 stimulated both cellular hnRNP-E1 and folate receptor biosynthesis. In addition, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate [iron(II)], which also binds hnRNP-E1, significantly perturbed this l-homocysteine-triggered RNA-protein interaction in a dose-dependent manner. Finally, folate deficiency induced dual upregulation of hnRNP-E1 and folate receptors in cultured human cells and tumor xenografts, and more selectively in various fetal tissues of folate-deficient dams.Conclusions: This novel positive feedback loop amplifies hnRNP-E1 during prolonged folate deficiency and thereby maximizes upregulation of folate receptors in order to restore folate homeostasis toward normalcy in placental cells. It will also functionally impact several other mRNAs of the nutrition-sensitive, folate-responsive posttranscriptional RNA operon that is orchestrated by homocysteinylated hnRNP-E1

Surgical management of fractures of distal end radius using uniplanar external fixator augmented with percutaneous kirschner wire fixation

Background: Distal end radius fractures is one of the most common fractures of the upper limb especially in the elderly population, accounting for about 17% of all upper limb fractures. Surgical stabilization of these fractures remains a challenge even today. Although the recent trend is towards internal fixation with locking plates, the external fixator itself has its own advantages in the treatment of these fractures.Methods: This study is a prospective, time bound, hospital based study conducted in Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Bangalore, between November 2014 to April 2016. The study included 30 cases of distal end radius fractures that were operated with the closed reduction and uniplanar external fixator augmented with k-wire for distal end radius by the principle of ligamentotaxis.Results: In our study, 14 (46.6 %) patients had excellent results. Whereas, 11 (36.7%) patients had good results and 3 (10%) had fair and only 2 (6.7%) patients had poor results. Most of the fractures united by 12 weeks. Complications associated with the study was stiffness, malunion, sudeck’s  osteodystrophy and pin tract infection. Conclusions: The uniplanar external fixator augmented with k-wire is a good choice in the treatment of distal end radius fractures  in terms of providing a good functional outcome if proper preoperative planning, good reduction and surgical technique are followed, leading to high rate of bone union, minimal soft tissue damage and complications

Ab interno supraciliary microstent surgery for open-angle glaucoma

BACKGROUND: Glaucoma is the leading cause of global irreversible blindness, often associated with raised intraocular pressure (IOP). Where medical or laser treatment has failed or is not tolerated, surgery is often required. Minimally-invasive surgical approaches have been developed in recent years to reduce IOP with lower surgical risks. Supraciliary microstent surgery for the treatment of open-angle glaucoma (OAG) is one such approach. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of supraciliary microstent surgery for the treatment of OAG, and to compare with standard medical, laser or surgical treatments. SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL; which contains the Cochrane Eyes and Vision Trials Register; 2020, Issue 8); Ovid MEDLINE; Ovid Embase; the ISRCTN registry; ClinicalTrials.gov and the WHO ICTRP. The date of the search was 27 August 2020. SELECTION CRITERIA: We searched for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of supraciliary microstent surgery, alone or with cataract surgery, compared to other surgical treatments (cataract surgery alone, other minimally invasive glaucoma device techniques, trabeculectomy), laser treatment or medical treatment. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two review authors independently screened titles and abstracts from the database search to identify studies that met the selection criteria. Data extraction, analysis, and evaluation of risk of bias from selected studies was performed independently and according to standard Cochrane methodology. MAIN RESULTS: One study met the inclusion criteria of this review, evaluating the efficacy and safety of the Cypass supraciliary microstent surgery for the treatment of OAG, comparing phacoemulsification + supraciliary microstent surgery with phacoemulsification alone over 24 months. This study comprised 505 eyes of 505 participants with both OAG and cataract, 374 randomised to the phacoemulsification + microstent group.  In this study, the perceived risk of bias from random sequence generation, allocation concealment and selective reporting was low. However, we considered the study to be at high risk of performance bias as surgeons/investigators were unmasked. Attrition bias was unclear, with 448/505 participants contributing to per protocol analysis. Insertion of a Cypass supraciliary microstent combined with phacoemulsification probably increases the proportion of participants who are medication-free (not using eye-drops) at 24 months compared with phacoemulsification alone (85% versus 59%, risk ratio (RR) 1.27, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.09 to 1.49, moderate-certainty evidence). There is high-certainty evidence that a greater improvement in mean IOP occurs in the phacoemulsification + microstent group - mean (SD) change in IOP from baseline of -5.4 (3.9) mmHg in the phacoemulsification group, compared to -7.4 (4.4) mmHg in the phacoemulsification + microstent group at 24 months (mean difference -2.0 mmHg, 95% CI -2.85 to -1.15). There is moderate-certainty evidence that insertion of a microstent is probably associated with a greater reduction in use of IOP-lowering drops (mean reduction of 0.7 medications in the phacoemulsification group, compared to a mean reduction of 1.2 medications in the phacoemulsification + microstent group). Insertion of a microstent during phacoemulsification may reduce the requirement for further glaucoma intervention to control IOP at a later stage compared to phacoemulsification alone (RR 0.26, 95% CI 0.07 to 1.04, low-certainty evidence). There is no evidence relating to the rate of visual field progression, or proportion of participants whose visual field loss progressed in this study. There is moderate-certainty evidence showing little or no difference in the proportion of participants experiencing postoperative complications over 24 months between participants in the microstent group compared to those who received phacoemulsification alone (RR 1.1, 95% CI 0.8 to 1.4). Five year post-approval data regarding the safety of the Cypass supraciliary microstent showed increased endothelial cell loss, associated with the position of the microstent in the anterior chamber. There were no reported health-related quality of life (HRQoL) outcomes in the included study. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Data from this single RCT show superiority of supraciliary microstent surgery when combined with phacoemulsification compared to phacoemulsification alone in achieving medication-free control of OAG. However, there are long-term safety concerns with the device used in this trial, relating to the observed significant loss of corneal endothelial cells at five years following device implantation. At the time of this review, this device has been withdrawn from the market. This review has found that few high-quality studies exist comparing supraciliary microstent surgery to standard medical, laser or surgical glaucoma treatments. This should be addressed by further appropriately designed RCTs with sufficient long-term follow-up to ensure robust safety data are obtained. Consideration of health-related quality of life outcomes should also feature in trial design