609 research outputs found
Tracking serendipitous interactions: How individual cultures shape the office
In many work environments, serendipitous interactions between members of
different groups may lead to enhanced productivity, collaboration and knowledge
dissemination. Two factors that may have an influence on such interactions are
cultural differences between individuals in highly multicultural workplaces,
and the layout and physical spaces of the workplace itself. In this work, we
investigate how these two factors may facilitate or hinder inter-group
interactions in the workplace. We analyze traces collected using wearable
electronic badges to capture face-to-face interactions and mobility patterns of
employees in a research laboratory in the UK. We observe that those who
interact with people of different roles tend to come from collectivist cultures
that value relationships and where people tend to be comfortable with social
hierarchies, and that some locations in particular are more likely to host
serendipitous interactions, knowledge that could be used by organizations to
enhance communication and productivity.This work was supported by the Google Europe Fellowship in Mobile Computing.This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is published in the Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing and can be found in the ACM digital library here: http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?doid=2531602.2531641
Social network dynamics of face-to-face interactions
The recent availability of data describing social networks is changing our
understanding of the "microscopic structure" of a social tie. A social tie
indeed is an aggregated outcome of many social interactions such as
face-to-face conversations or phone-calls. Analysis of data on face-to-face
interactions shows that such events, as many other human activities, are
bursty, with very heterogeneous durations. In this paper we present a model for
social interactions at short time scales, aimed at describing contexts such as
conference venues in which individuals interact in small groups. We present a
detailed anayltical and numerical study of the model's dynamical properties,
and show that it reproduces important features of empirical data. The model
allows for many generalizations toward an increasingly realistic description of
social interactions. In particular in this paper we investigate the case where
the agents have intrinsic heterogeneities in their social behavior, or where
dynamic variations of the local number of individuals are included. Finally we
propose this model as a very flexible framework to investigate how dynamical
processes unfold in social networks.Comment: 20 pages, 25 figure
High resolution dynamical mapping of social interactions with active RFID
In this paper we present an experimental framework to gather data on
face-to-face social interactions between individuals, with a high spatial and
temporal resolution. We use active Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)
devices that assess contacts with one another by exchanging low-power radio
packets. When individuals wear the beacons as a badge, a persistent radio
contact between the RFID devices can be used as a proxy for a social
interaction between individuals. We present the results of a pilot study
recently performed during a conference, and a subsequent preliminary data
analysis, that provides an assessment of our method and highlights its
versatility and applicability in many areas concerned with human dynamics
MLP: a MATLAB toolbox for rapid and reliable auditory threshold estimation
In this paper, we present MLP, a MATLAB toolbox enabling auditory
thresholds estimation via the adaptive Maximum Likelihood procedure proposed
by David Green (1990, 1993). This adaptive procedure is particularly appealing for
those psychologists that need to estimate thresholds with a good degree of accuracy
and in a short time. Together with a description of the toolbox, the current text
provides an introduction to the threshold estimation theory and a theoretical
explanation of the maximum likelihood adaptive procedure. MLP comes with a
graphical interface and it is provided with several built-in, classic psychoacoustics
experiments ready to use at a mouse click
CO 2 REACTIVE TRANSPORT IN LIMESTONE: FLOW REGIMES, FLUID FLOW AND MECHANICAL ROCK PROPERTIES
ABSTRACT The influence of chemical reactions between injected CO 2 , formation fluids and the target rock formation leads to uncertainties for geological sequestration projects. Reactions may influence the fluid-flow field, i.e. reactive transport, and the mechanical rock properties, which might degrade, leading to uncertainties with respect to the rock integrity in the affected region. We investigate both the influence of calcite dissolution on the fluid flow and the mechanical rock properties for two cases: first under realistic CO 2 /brine field flow rates leading to heterogeneous dissolution, i.e. wormholing, and second under noflow conditions leading to a rather homogeneous dissolution. We find a significant influence of dissolution on single-and two-phase flow and changes of the elastic rock properties and the failure behavior. The study is an essential step toward understanding CO 2 plume migration and the effects caused by long-term migration of CO 2 in carbonate reservoirs, providing input parameters for reservoir models and reservoir surveillance
Participation and satisfaction after spinal cord injury: results of a vocational and leisure outcome study
Study design: Survey. Objectives: Insight in (1) the changes in participation in vocational and leisure activities and (2) satisfaction with the current participation level of people with spinal cord injuries (SCIs) after reintegration in society. Design: Descriptive analysis of data from a questionnaire. Setting: Rehabilitation centre with special department for patients with SCIs, Groningen, The Netherlands. Subjects: A total of 57 patients with traumatic SCI living in the community, who were admitted to the rehabilitation centre two to 12 years before the current assessment. Main outcome measures: Changes in participation in activities; current life satisfaction; support and unmet needs. Results: Participation expressed in terms of hours spent on vocational and leisure activities changed to a great extent after the SCI. This was mainly determined by a large reduction of hours spent on paid work. While 60% of the respondents successfully reintegrated in work, many changes took place in the type and extent of the job. Loss of work was partially compensated with domestic and leisure activities. Sports activities were reduced substantially. The change in participation level and compensation for the lost working hours was not significantly associated with the level of SCI-specific health problems and disabilities. As was found in other studies, most respondents were satisfied with their lives. Determinants of a negative life satisfaction several years following SCI were not easily indicated. Reduced quality of life was particularly related to an unsatisfactory work and leisure situation. Conclusions: Most people with SCI in this study group were able to resume work and were satisfied with their work and leisure situation
Identification of hip fracture patients from radiographs using Fourier analysis of the trabecular structure: a cross-sectional study
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