Obstáculo epistemológico em material da mídia impressa para contextualização no Ensino de Química.

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Prevalence of schistosomiasis mansoni in indigenous Maxakali villages, Minas Gerais, Brazil.

Intestinal parasitic infections are a common health problem among Amerindian populations and schistosomiasis represents one of the most prevalent diseases in Maxakali people. The Kato-Katz is the diagnostic method recommended by WHO for epidemiological studies; however, one of the technique?s limitations is the failure to detect parasites in individuals with low parasite load. The aim of this study was to establish the prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni in indigenous Maxakali villages, evaluating the TF-Test? performance for diagnosis compared to the Kato-Katz technique. Stool samples from 545 individuals were processed by the TF-Test? (1 sample) and Kato-Katz (1 slide). The positivity rate for S. mansoni by Kato-Katz was 45.7%. The rate by the TF-Test? was 33.2%, and 51.9% by the combined parasitological techniques. The amplitude of parasite load was 24 to 4,056 eggs per gram of feces (epg), with a geometric mean of 139 epg. The co-positivity, co-negativity, and accuracy values by TF-Test? in relation to Kato-Katz were 59.0%, 88.5%, and 75.0%, respectively. The agreement between these techniques was moderate (k=0.486) as determined by the kappa index. Thus, the results of this study demonstrated that the performance of Kato-Katz was superior (p <0.05) to that of TF-Test? in the detection of S. mansoni. The combination of TF-Test? and Kato-Katz resulted in an increased positivity rate of S. mansoni, demonstrating the high risk of infection to which indigenous populations are exposed and the importance of the implementation of control strategies in Maxakali villages

Processo decisório e impacto na gestão de políticas públicas: desafios de um Conselho Municipal de Saúde

Os conselhos gestores de políticas públicas são espaços de democratização, que viabilizam a inclusão de demandas da sociedade na agenda política. Este estudo buscou analisar a incorporação de deliberações do Conselho Municipal da Saúde em Chapecó/SC. Os dados foram coletados a partir da leitura das atas do Conselho, do período de janeiro de 2005 a dezembro de 2010, e das entrevistas com informantes-chave. A implementação das decisões depende de diferentes órgãos ou de outras esferas de governo, não apenas da competência dos conselheiros para formular ou defender suas propostas, ou ainda do interesse, compromisso ou engajamento do gestor municipal. O pouco tempo disponível para o debate nas reuniões do Conselho resulta muitas vezes em decisões que desconsideram fatores importantes, como a capacidade instalada, recursos disponíveis e previsões para a manutenção das atividades incorporadas. O impacto da participação social sobre as políticas públicas na área da saúde requer qualificação do processo decisório, prevendo os múltiplos fatores, de caráter técnico e também político, envolvidos em sua implementação

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio