Home slaughtering and processing of beef (1989)

A beef animal selected for slaughter should be healthy and in thrifty condition. Keep the animal off feed 24 hours before slaughter, but provide free access to water. Don't run or excite the animal prior to slaughter because this may cause poor bleeding and give the carcass a bloody appearance. The weather, especially expected temperatures the few days following slaughter, is extremely important. Night temperatures should be 32 degrees F or lower for the carcass to chill properly without refrigeration. The meat will spoil if improperly chilled and stored during warm weather. Also, during extremely cold weather, the meat should be protected from freezing by covering it with a clean cover.Reprinted 11/89/5M

Home slaughtering and processing of beef (1993)

This article cites the proper method and precautions for slaughtering beef cattle at home

Recommendations for aging beef (1993)

The main reason for aging beef is to improve tenderness and flavor of the meat so that if properly cooked it will be more satisfying to the consumer. Proper aging of beef results in a combination of changes that many people appreciate

Effects of pre-slaughter feeding regimen on beef carcass characteristics

Digitized 2007 AES MoU.Includes bibliographical references (pages 17-18)

Assimilation to the Unmarked

Steel, JC ORCiD: 0000-0003-3608-7542Intravitreal injection of recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) might be an alternative approach for retinal gene therapy for certain applications. Although the jelly-like substance consists mainly of water, anti-viral antibodies against various viruses such as HIV or HSV have been observed in the human vitreous and anti-AAV neutralising antibodies (NAbs) in rhesus macaque vitreous have also been detected. In this study, the human vitreous humour was obtained from 70 post mortem unpaired eye cups and 10 paired eye cups from the Queensland Eye Bank. The transduction efficiency of 1-3 · 108 vcg of recombinant AAV-2, -5, -6 and -8 expressing secreted nanoluciferase was measured following transduction of ARPE-19 and Cos-7 cells at vitreous humour dilutions from 1:2 to 1:10 000. At vitreous humour dilution of 1:2, a reduction in transduction of over 50% was observed for AAV2 in 50.5% of samples and for AAV6 in 66.2% of samples. Only 23.2% of tested samples showed similar reduction in transduction efficiency for AAV5, and for AAV8 only 2.5% of samples inhibited transduction by 50% at 1:2 dilution. Differences in serum antibody levels have been previously observed in a similar Australian population, but low transduction inhibition at vitreous humour dilutions of 1:100 suggests that the concentration of NAbs within the vitreous humour is lower than in human serum. In addition, this study also reported an increase in transduction efficiency for AAV8 at highest vitreous humour concentrations, supporting previous reports that human albumin can increase AAV transduction but only in some serotypes

The Vibration Ring

The vibration ring was conceived as a driveline damping device to prevent structure-borne noise in machines. It has the appearance of a metal ring, and can be installed between any two driveline components like an ordinary mechanical spacer. Damping is achieved using a ring-shaped piezoelectric stack that is poled in the axial direction and connected to an electrical shunt circuit. Surrounding the stack is a metal structure, called the compression cage, which squeezes the stack along its poled axis when excited by radial driveline forces. The stack in turn generates electrical energy, which is either dissipated or harvested using the shunt circuit. Removing energy from the system creates a net damping effect. The vibration ring is much stiffer than traditional damping devices, which allows it to be used in a driveline without disrupting normal operation. In phase 1 of this NASA Seedling Fund project, a combination of design and analysis was used to examine the feasibility of this concept. Several designs were evaluated using solid modeling, finite element analysis, and by creating prototype hardware. Then an analytical model representing the coupled electromechanical response was formulated in closed form. The model was exercised parametrically to examine the stiffness and loss factor spectra of the vibration ring, as well as simulate its damping effect in the context of a simplified driveline model. The results of this work showed that this is a viable mechanism for driveline damping, and provided several lessons for continued development

A unique role for 6-O sulfation modification in zebrafish vascular development

AbstractHeparan sulfate proteoglycans are important modulators of growth factor signaling in a variety of patterning processes. Secreted growth factors that play critical roles in angiogenesis bind to heparan sulfate, and this association is affected by 6-O-sulfation of the heparan sulfate chains. Addition of 6-O-sulfate is catalyzed by a family of sulfotransferases (HS6STs), and genetic manipulation of their function permits an assessment of their contribution to vascular assembly. We report on the biochemical activity and expression patterns of two zebrafish HS6ST genes. In situ hybridization reveals dynamic and distinct expression patterns of these two genes during development. Structural analysis of heparan sulfate from wild-type and morpholino antisense ‘knockdown’ embryos suggests that HS6ST-1 and HS6ST-2 have similar biochemical activity. HS6ST-2, but not HS6ST-1, morphants exhibit abnormalities in the branching morphogenesis of the caudal vein during embryonic development of the zebrafish. Our finding that HS6ST-2 is required for the branching morphogenesis of the caudal vein is the first in vivo evidence for an essential role of a gene encoding a heparan sulfate modifying enzyme in vertebrate angiogenesis. Our analysis of two zebrafish HS6ST genes suggests that a wide range of biological processes may be regulated by an array of sulfation-modifying enzymes in the vertebrate genome

Home slaughtering and processing of beef

Harold B. Hedrick and William C. Stringer (Department of Food Science and Nutrition), Maurice Alexander (Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture)Revised 3/82/8

The XWS open access catalogue of extreme European windstorms from 1979 to 2012

The XWS (eXtreme WindStorms) catalogue consists of storm tracks and model-generated maximum 3 s wind-gust footprints for 50 of the most extreme winter windstorms to hit Europe in the period 1979–2012. The catalogue is intended to be a valuable resource for both academia and industries such as (re)insurance, for example allowing users to characterise extreme European storms, and validate climate and catastrophe models. Several storm severity indices were investigated to find which could best represent a list of known high-loss (severe) storms. The best-performing index was Sft, which is a combination of storm area calculated from the storm footprint and maximum 925 hPa wind speed from the storm track. All the listed severe storms are included in the catalogue, and the remaining ones were selected using Sft. A comparison of the model footprint to station observations revealed that storms were generally well represented, although for some storms the highest gusts were underestimated. Possible reasons for this underestimation include the model failing to simulate strong enough pressure gradients and not representing convective gusts. A new recalibration method was developed to estimate the true distribution of gusts at each grid point and correct for this underestimation. The recalibration model allows for storm-to-storm variation which is essential given that different storms have different degrees of model bias. The catalogue is available at www.europeanwindstorms.org

Russia-UK collaboration in paleontology: past, present, and future

There is a long history of collaboration between Russia and the United Kingdom in paleontology. This began, arguably, in 1821, with the seminal work by William Fox-Strangways, who produced a geological map of the area around St Petersburg. Most famously, Roderick Murchison carried out extensive surveying and observations throughout European Russia in 1840 and 1841, and published a major monograph on geology and paleontology of European Russia in 1845. Since then, and continuing today, there have been many fruitful collaborations on Precambrian life, Paleozoic marine organisms, terrestrialization of plants and vertebrates, the Permian–Triassic mass extinction, fossil mammals, human evolution, and conservation paleobiology