Bidirectionally Stretched Flow of Jeffrey Liquid with Nanoparticles, Rosseland Radiation and Variable Thermal Conductivity

Heat and mass transfer stretched flow of an incompressible, electrically conducting Jeffrey fluid has been studied numerically. Nanoparticles are suspended in the base fluid and it has many applications such as cooling of engines, thermal absorption systems, lubricants fuel cell, nanodrug delivery system and so on. Temperature dependent variable thermal conductivity with Rosseland approximation is taken into account and suction effect is employed in the boundary conditions. The governing partial differential equations are first transformed into set of ordinary differential equations using selected similarity transformations, which are then solved numerically using Runge-Kutta-Felhberg fourth-fifth order method along with shooting technique. The flow, heat and mass transfer characteristics with local Nusselt number for various physical parameters are presented graphically and a detailed discussion regarding the effect of flow parameters on velocity and temperature profiles are provided. It is found that, increase of variable thermal conductivity, radiation, Brownian motion and thermophoresis parameter increases the rate of heat transfer. Local Nusseltnumber has been computed for various parameters and it is observed that,in the presence of variable thermal conductivity and Rosseland approxima-tion, heat transfer characteristics are higher as compared to the constant thermal conductivity and linear thermal radiation

Capacity enrichment OCDMA based on algorithm of novel flexible cross correlation (FCC) address code

The flexible cross-correlation (FCC) address code for Spectral-Amplitude Coding Optical Code-Division Multiple-Access (SACOCDMA) systems has been developed.The FCC code has advantages, such as flexible cross-correlation property at any given number of users and weights, as well as effectively suppressed the impact of phase-induced intensity noise (PIIN) and multiple-access interference (MAI) cancellation property.The results revealed that the FCC code can accommodate 150 users, where FCC code offers 66 %, 172 %, 650 % and 900 % improvement as a contrast to 90, 55, 20 and 15 number of users for dynamic cyclic shift (DCS), modified double weight (MDW), modified frequency hopping (MFH) and Hadamard codes, respectively, for a permissible bit error rate (BER) of 10−9

Casson Fluid Flow near the Stagnation Point over a Stretching Sheet with Variable Thickness and Radiation

The stagnation-point flow of an incompressible non-Newtonian fluid over a non-isothermal stretching sheet is investigated. Mathematical analysis is presented for a Casson fluid by taking into the account of variable thickness and thermal radiation. The coupled partial differential equations governing the flow and heat transfer are transformed into non-linear coupled ordinary differential equations by a similarity transformation. The transformed equations are then solved numerically by Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg method along with shooting technique. The effects of pertinent parameters such as the Casson fluid parameter, wall thickness parameter, velocity power index, velocity ratio parameter, Prandtl number and radiation parameter have been discussed. Comparison of the present results with known numerical results is shown and a good agreement is observed

Activity and Circadian Rhythm of Sepsis Patients in the Intensive Care Unit

Early mobilization of critically ill patients in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) can prevent adverse outcomes such as delirium and post-discharge physical impairment. To date, no studies have characterized activity of sepsis patients in the ICU using granular actigraphy data. This study characterizes the activity of sepsis patients in the ICU to aid in future mobility interventions. We have compared the actigraphy features of 24 patients in four groups: Chronic Critical Illness (CCI) sepsis patients in the ICU, Rapid Recovery (RR) sepsis patients in the ICU, non-sepsis ICU patients (control-ICU), and healthy subjects. We used several statistical and circadian rhythm features extracted from the patients' actigraphy data collected over a five-day period. Our results show that the four groups are significantly different in terms of activity features. In addition, we observed that the CCI and control-ICU patients show less regularity in their circadian rhythm compared to the RR patients. These results show the potential of using actigraphy data for guiding mobilization practices, classifying sepsis recovery subtype, as well as for tracking patients' recovery.Comment: 4 pages, IEEE Biomedical and Health Informatics (BHI) 201

Analysis of Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy for chlorophyll prediction in oil palm leaves

Oil palm nutrient content is investigated with using chlorophyll as a representative factor correlated with NIR spectroscopy spectral absorbance. NIR spectroscopy method of sampling have been tested to overcome time consuming, complex chemical analysis procedure and invasive sampling method in order to identify chlorophyll content in an oil palm tree. Spectral absorbance data from range 900 nm to 1700 nm and chlorophyll data, then tested through five pre-processing methods which is Savitzky-Golay Smoothing (SGS), Multiplicative Scatter Correction (MSC), Single Normal Variation (SNV), First Derivative (1D) and also Second Derivative (2D) using Partial Least Square (PLS) regression prediction model to evaluate the correlation between both data. The overall results show, SGS has the best performance for preprocessing method with the results, the coefficient of determination (R2) values of 0.9998 and root mean square error (RMSE) values of 0.0639. In summary, correlation of NIR spectral absorbance data and chlorophyll can be achieved using a PLS regression model with SGS pre-processing technique. Thus, we can conclude that NIR spectroscopy method can be used to identify chlorophyll content in oil palm with using time saving, simple sampling and non-invasive method

Design & investigation of 10x10 gbit/s MDM over hybrid FSO link under different weather conditions and fiber to the home

In this paper, we design and investigate 10-channels of mode division multiplexer (MDM) over hybrid free-space optics (FSO) link in several weather conditions to achieve the maximum possible medium range and fiber to the home (FTTH) for high bandwidth access networks. System capacity can be effectively increased with the use of MDM over hybrid FSO-FTTH. In this study, a 10-channel MDM over FSO-FTTH system has been analyzed in different weather conditions that operate at 1550 nm wavelength. The simulated system has transmitted 100 Gbit/s up for a distance of 3200 meters FSO in superbly clear weather condition. It also transmitted 100 Gbit/s up for a distance of 650 meters FSO during heavy rain. The validation of this study is measures based on eye diagrams bit-error rates (BER) that have been analyzed

Analysis of the effect of BER and Q-factor on free space optical communication system using diverse wavelength technique

This paper presents the analysis of the effect of BER and Q-factor on free space optical communication system using the diverse wavelength technique. The visibility is gradually decreased due to attenuation effects such as weather conditions as the bit error rate increases. Despite this disadvantage, FSO performance could be further improved by using a wide range of wavelengths of the laser beam. The results show good performance for 1550 nm wavelength, where the wavelength can accommodate visibility for 6 km at link range of 1 km, and Q-factor 25 at the system performance BER = 10-124 could improve the system by 67% compared to 850 nm and 785 nm wavelength, which could enhance the system by only 2%. This clearly show that the superior capabilities of 1550 nm wavelength in handling attenuation problems and capability to reduce the power loss compared to 850 nm and 785 nm wavelength

Simulation realization of 2-D wavelength/time system utilizing MDW code for OCDMA system

This paper presents a realization of Wavelength/Time (W/T) Two-Dimensional Modified Double Weight (2-D MDW) code for Optical Code Division Multiple Access (OCDMA) system based on Spectral Amplitude Coding (SAC) approach. The MDW code has the capability to suppress Phase-Induce Intensity Noise (PIIN) and minimizing the Multiple Access Interference (MAI) noises. At the permissible BER 10-9, the 2-D MDW (APD) had shown minimum effective received power (Psr) = -71 dBm that can be obtained at the receiver side as compared to 2-D MDW (PIN) only received -61 dBm. The results show that 2-D MDW (APD) has better performance in achieving same BER with longer optical fiber length and with less received power (Psr). Also, the BER from the result shows that MDW code has the capability to suppress PIIN ad MAI

Effective design for optical CDMA based on radio over fiber (RoF) technique

In this paper, the performance of OCDMA coding systems utilizing the radio over fiber (RoF) technique is presented. It has been done by means of conventional OptiSystem simulation tools, where the propagation of radio signals up to 50 km using standard single mode fiber (SMF) was investigated. The analysis was made based on the performance of eye diagram, bit rate, bit error rate and optical received power