Time varying solar cycle protons program manual

Proton variations in earth radiation belt due to solar cycle - calculation program

Flavonoids accumulate in cell walls, middle lamellae and callose-rich papillae during an incompatible interaction between Xanthomonas campestris pv. malvacearum and cotton

Interactions between cotton cotyledons and #Xanthomonas campestris pv. #malvacearum were examined. During an incompatible interaction, fluorescence microscopy revealed that flavonoid compounds accumulated within 10 h after inoculation. Electron micrographs showed ultrastructural modifications of cells that exhibited an intense fluorescence suggesting the presence of flavonoids. Phenol-like molecules were produced by cells of infection sites and were found in paramural areas within papillae enriched with callose and in host cell walls and middle lamellae. Histochemistry showed that peroxidase activity and terpenoids were detected in the infected resistant plants, 4 and 48 h after inoculation, respectively. In contrast, no changes in the deposits of lignin, suberin, and catechin were seen in either the infected susceptible or resistant lines. We suggest that early flavonoid accumulation is associated with the hypersensitive reaction of cotton cotyledons to #X. campestris pv. #malvacearum. The activity of wall-bound peroxidases may play a role in the incorporation of flavonoids in cell walls and paramural papillae. (Résumé d'auteur

Update in the geographical distribution of the invasive tick Hyalomma marginatum in South of France: first attempts to identify factors favoring its establishment

Hyalomma marginatum, the main tick vector of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever virus (CCHFv) in the Mediterranean Basin, has been reported for several decades in Corsica Island. However, its establishment in continental France is much more recent. Viable tick populations were observed for the first time in 2015; previous mentions only concerned isolated specimens that could have been likely introduced through bird mi-grations or terrestrial ungulate translocations. In order to investigate the current geo-graphical distribution of this tick species in south of France, two sampling campaigns were conducted at spring in 2017 and 2018. More than 80 horse structures were visited, since recent study conducted in Corsica demonstrated that horses are the most likely hosts for adult parasitic stages of H. marginatum and constitute good sentinels to de-tect its presence. We targeted structures with shrubby and grassy pastures for horses as they are considered suitable habitats for free-living stages of H. marginatum. During visits, the sampling pastures and the surrounding natural habitats were described and animal owners were questioned concerning their tick control practices, as well as an-imal movements as possible pathway for tick introduction. Combined with climatic conditions (at least temperature and humidity), all these parameters were considered as explanatory variables for modelling the occurrence and relative abundance of H. marginatum. Against all expectations, H. marginatum was detected among the entire Mediterranean region from the Pyrénées-Orientales (Spain border) to Var at the east. Local heterogeneity was highlighted with main presence hotspots around Perpignan, Montpellier, and Hyères, where the tick was fully absent from Camargue and Plain of Crau. Modelling analyses are under progress and results will be presented at the E-sove conference. As H. marginatum may have not filled yet its entire ecological niche, possi-ble approaches to monitor this invasion process will be discussed

Salicylic acid treatment of grape berries retards ripening

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Six-Month Outcome of Transient Ischemic Attack and Its Mimics

Background and Objective: Although the risk of recurrent cerebral ischemia is higher after a transient ischemic attack (TIA), there is limited data on the outcome of TIA mimics. The goal of this study is to compare the 6-month outcome of patients with negative and positive diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) TIAs (DWI-neg TIA vs. DWI-pos TIA) and also TIA mimics. Methods: We prospectively studied consecutive patients with an initial diagnosis of TIA in our tertiary stroke centers in a 2-year period. Every included patient had an initial magnetic resonance (MR) with DWI and one-, three-, and six-month follow-up visits. The primary outcome was defined as the composition of intracerebral hemorrhage, ischemic stroke, TIA, coronary artery disease, and death. Results: Out of 269 patients with the initial diagnosis of TIA, 259 patients (mean age 70.5 ± 15.0 [30–100] years old, 56.8% men) were included in the final analysis. Twenty-one (8.1%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 5.1-12.1%) patients had a composite outcome event within the six-month follow-up. Five (23.8%) and 13 (61.9%) composite outcome events occurred in the first 30 and 90 days, respectively. Among patients with DWI-neg TIA, the one- and six-month ischemic stroke rate was 1.5 and 4.6%, respectively. The incidence proportion of composite outcome event was significantly higher among patients who had the diagnosis of DWI-neg TIA compared with those who had the diagnosis of TIA mimics (12.2 vs. 2.1%—relative risk 5.9; 95% CI, 1.4–25.2). In our univariable analysis among patients with DWI-neg TIA and DWI-pos TIA, age (P = 0.017) was the only factor that was significantly associated with the occurrence of the composite outcome. Conclusion: Our study indicated that the overall six-month rate of the composite outcome among patients DWI-neg TIA, DWI-pos TIA, and TIA mimics were 12.2, 9.7, and 2.1%, respectively. Age was the only factor that was significantly associated with the occurrence of the composite outcome

Low-density lipoprotein levels and not mutation status predict Intima-media thickness in familial hypercholesterolemia

Background Intima-media thickness (IMT) is a well-described marker of cardiovascular disease. In this study we aim to determine whether low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels and disease-related mutation status can predict IMT in patients with severe familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) referred for or on LDL apheresis. Methods Genetic screening, lipid profile testing, and IMT measurements were performed on a series of 33 severe FH patients (19 homozygous) on LDL apheresis treatments (LDL 447 ± 151 mg/dL, age range 6-60 years). Data were then compared with literature IMT-LDL data for normal subjects, mild FH patients, and severe FH patients (18, 41, and 6 studies, respectively). Results Age-adjusted IMT was linearly related to LDL levels over a wide range of values (<500 mg/dL), except for the severe FH no-apheresis cohort. Alternatively, our severe FH population (mostly on apheresis) did follow the mild FH/control age-adjusted IMT-LDL relation. Conclusions In severe FH, measuring LDL levels is more predictive of increased IMT than genetic screening. © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved