5,090 research outputs found
Calcium intake, physical activity and bone health status among Chinese early adolescents
The objective of this cross-sectional study was to determine the relationship between calcium
intake and physical activity with bone health status among Chinese early adolescents. A selfadministered
questionnaire was used to obtain socio-demographic background, family history of
osteoporosis, lifestyle practices and eating habits; while daily calcium intake was assessed using
one-day dietary recall and two-day dietary record. Physical activity was examined using PAQ-A
(Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents). Height, weight and bone health status was
assessed using stadiometer, weighing scale (TANITA), and ultrasonometry QUS-2, respectively.
Data was analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), version 15.0. A total of
236 Chinese subjects were recruited into this study. The mean age of subjects was 13.6 ± 0.5 years
old. Mean daily calcium intake was low, that is 573.4 ± 405.1mg. The mean score of PAQ-A was 2.14
± 0.64. Mean weight, height, and BMI were 50.9 ± 11.4kg, 1.62 ± 0.08m and 19.40 ± 3.72kg/m2,
respectively. Based on CDC classification of BMI-for-age (2000), 68.2% of subjects were in the
normal category, 16.1% were underweight, 11.4% were at risk of overweight and 4.2% overweight.
Mean Broadband Ultrasound Attenuation (BUA) was 77.55 ± 11.73dB/MHz. According to diagnostic
criteria for osteoporosis by WHO (1994), 49.2% of subjects had normal bone mass (t-score > -1.0),
more than half of the subjects were either osteopenic (49.6%) or osteopototic (1.3%). This might be
due to subjects being in the early adolescents state and their peak bone mass has yet to be attained.
T-test showed that there was significant difference between mean body weight among male and
female subjects. There was also significant higher mean BUA among female subjects than their
counterparts. Pearson correlation test showed that there was no significant relationship between
BUA with calcium intake (r= -0.05, p= 0.42) or physical activity (r= 0.03, p= 0.69). However, weight
had a significant positive correlation with BUA (r= 0.39, p<0.05). In conclusion, female subjects
have better bone health status as compared to males. Although no significant relationship was
shown between calcium intake and physical activity with bone health, these two factors are
known to reduce future risk of osteoporosis. It is recommended that prevention and management
of low bone mass should be focused on factors recognised as determinants of bone health status
among early adolescents. This is to ensure optimal bone health being attained among the young
population in reducing risk of osteoporosis in future
Vlasov Description Of Dense Quark Matter
We discuss properties of quark matter at finite baryon densities and zero
temperature in a Vlasov approach. We use a screened interquark Richardson's
potential consistent with the indications of Lattice QCD calculations.
We analyze the choices of the quark masses and the parameters entering the
potential which reproduce the binding energy (B.E.) of infinite nuclear matter.
There is a transition from nuclear to quark matter at densities 5 times above
normal nuclear matter density. The transition could be revealed from the
determination of the position of the shifted meson masses in dense baryonic
matter. A scaling form of the meson masses in dense matter is given.Comment: 15 pages 4 figure
An overview of heavy oil properties and its recovery and transportation methods
Unconventional oils - mainly heavy oils, extra heavy oils and bitumens - represent a significant share of the total oil world reserves. Oil companies have expressed interest in unconventional oil as alternative resources for the energy supply. These resources are composed usually of viscous oils and, for this reason, their use requires additional efforts to guarantee the viability of the oil recovery from the reservoir and its subsequent transportation to production wells and to ports and refineries. This review describes the main properties of high-viscosity crude oils, as well as compares traditional and emergent methods for their recovery and transportation. The main characteristics of viscous oils are discussed to highlight the oil properties that affect their flowability in the processes of recovery and pipeline transportation. Chemical composition is the starting point for the oil characterization and it has major impact on other properties, including key properties for their dynamics, such as density and viscosity. Next, enhanced oil recovery (EOR) methods are presented, followed by a discussion about pipeline and transportation methods. In addition, the main challenges to achieve viable recovery and transportation of unconventional oils are compared for the different alternatives proposed. The work is especially focused on the heavy oils, while other hydrocarbon solid sources, such as oil sands and shale oil, are outside of the scope of this review31357159
The structure of EAS at E 0.1 EeV
The ratio of extensive air showers (EAS) total shower energy in the electromagnetic channel (E em) to the size of the shower at maximum development (N max) from a direct measurement of shower longitudinal development using the air fluorescence technique was calculated. The values are not inconsistent with values based upon track length integrals of the Gaisser-Hillas formula for shower development or the known relation between shower energy and size at maximum for pure electromagnetic cascades. Using Linsley's estimates for undetected shower energy based on an analysis of a wide variety of cosmic ray data, the following relation for total shower energy E vs N max is obtained. The Gaisser Hillas implied undetected shower energy fractions
Algorithm for Linear Response Functions at Finite Temperatures: Application to ESR spectrum of s=1/2 Antiferromagnet Cu benzoate
We introduce an efficient and numerically stable method for calculating
linear response functions of quantum systems at finite
temperatures. The method is a combination of numerical solution of the
time-dependent Schroedinger equation, random vector representation of trace,
and Chebyshev polynomial expansion of Boltzmann operator. This method should be
very useful for a wide range of strongly correlated quantum systems at finite
temperatures. We present an application to the ESR spectrum of s=1/2
antiferromagnet Cu benzoate.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
Photoemission spectra of many-polaron systems
The cross over from low to high carrier densities in a many-polaron system is
studied in the framework of the one-dimensional spinless Holstein model, using
unbiased numerical methods. Combining a novel quantum Monte Carlo approach and
exact diagonalization, accurate results for the single-particle spectrum and
the electronic kinetic energy on fairly large systems are obtained. A detailed
investigation of the quality of the Monte Carlo data is presented. In the
physically most important adiabatic intermediate electron-phonon coupling
regime, for which no analytical results are available, we observe a
dissociation of polarons with increasing band filling, leading to normal
metallic behavior, while for parameters favoring small polarons, no such
density-driven changes occur. The present work points towards the inadequacy of
single-polaron theories for a number of polaronic materials such as the
manganites.Comment: 15 pages, 13 figures; final version, accepted for publication in
Phys. Rev.
500 TeV gamma rays from Hercules X-1
A signal (chance probability = .0002) with the 1.24 s period of Hercules X-1 has been observed using the Utah Fly's Eye. The signal's relatively long period and high shower energy conflict with some popular models of particle acceleration by pulsars. Optical and X-ray data suggest a picture in which energetic particles produce multi-TeV gamma rays by collisions with Hercules X-1's accretion disk
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