Search for long lived charged massive particles in pp collisions at s-hat = 1.8TeV

We report a search for the production of long-lived charged massive particles in a data sample of 90   pb-1 of √s=1.8   TeV pp̅ collisions recorded by the Collider Detector at Fermilab. The search uses the muonlike penetration and anomalously high ionization energy loss signature expected for such a particle to discriminate it from backgrounds. The data are found to agree with background expectations, and cross section limits of O(1) pb are derived using two reference models, a stable quark and a stable scalar lepton

Comment on Modified Stokes Parameters

It is common practice in passive microwave remote sensing (microwave radiometry) to express observables as temperatures and in the case of polarimetric radiometry to use what are called "Modified Stokes Parameters in Brightness Temperature" to describe the scene. However, definitions with slightly different normalization (with and without division by bandwidth) have appeared in the literature. The purpose of this manuscript is to present an analysis to clarify the meaning of terms in the definition and resolve the question of the proper normalization

The determination of the mass of a Magellanic Cloud planetary nebula by speckle interferometry

We have resolved a Magellanic Cloud planetary nebula by speckle interferometry for the first time. Our observations of SMC N2 show it to have a double-ring structure, the rings having angular radii of 0.22 and 0.38 arcsec, corresponding to absolute radii of 0.06 and 0.10 pc. Our speckle observations of the galactic planetary nebula Vy 2–2 show a ring of angular diameter 0.4 arcsec, in agreement with previous VLA radio data. The radial hydrogen density profile for SMC N2 is determined and masses of 0.09M⊙ and 0.27M⊙ for the inner and outer shells respectively are derived, so that the total mass of this optically thin nebula is 0.36M⊙⁠. The nebular expansion velocity of SMC N2 has been derived from a high-resolution spectrum of the [O III] 5007 Å line and expansion ages of between 5000 and 12 000 yr have been derived for the shells. A reanalysis of the available nebular data leads us to derive a central star effective temperature of 110 000 K and a luminosity of 4340L⊙⁠, corresponding to a stellar mass of 0.59M⊙⁠, from a comparison with published evolutionary tracks. The stellar evolutionary age since leaving the AGB is about 8000 yr, consistent with the nebublar expansion age

Diagnosing hydrological limitations of a land surface model: application of JULES to a deep-groundwater chalk basin

Land surface models (LSMs) are prospective starting points to develop a global hyper-resolution model of the terrestrial water, energy, and biogeochemical cycles. However, there are some fundamental limitations of LSMs related to how meaningfully hydrological fluxes and stores are represented. A diagnostic approach to model evaluation and improvement is taken here that exploits hydrological expert knowledge to detect LSM inadequacies through consideration of the major behavioural functions of a hydrological system: overall water balance, vertical water redistribution in the unsaturated zone, temporal water redistribution, and spatial water redistribution over the catchment's groundwater and surface-water systems. Three types of information are utilized to improve the model's hydrology: (a) observations, (b) information about expected response from regionalized data, and (c) information from an independent physics-based model. The study considers the JULES (Joint UK Land Environmental Simulator) LSM applied to a deep-groundwater chalk catchment in the UK. The diagnosed hydrological limitations and the proposed ways to address them are indicative of the challenges faced while transitioning to a global high resolution model of the water cycle

Recent Results on the Accurate Measurements of the Dielectric Constant of Seawater at 1.413GHZ

Measurements of the complex. dielectric constant of seawater at 30.00 psu, 35.00 psu and 38.27 psu over the temperature range from 5 C to 3 5 at 1.413 GHz are given and compared with the Klein-Swift results. A resonant cavity technique is used. The calibration constant used in the cavity perturbation formulas is determined experimentally using methanol and ethanediol (ethylene glycol) as reference liquids. Analysis of the data shows that the measurements are accurate to better than 1.0% in almost all cases studied

Tongue-thrust Etiology : A Review of the Literature

In recent years the attention of specialty groups has been drawn toward the peculiar oral behavior commonly referred to as tongue-thrust. This behavior is not only characterized by multiple symptomatology, but it also has been characterized by multiple terminology. In addition to the wide variety of views and theories on the tongue-thrust behavior, there is an ever greater discrepancy of opinion concerning the causal factors of this behavior. What is its etiology? Is it a functional disorder? Is it organically based or a combination of the two? The purpose of the study was to attempt to organize the most prevalent body of clinical investigation which has been submitted for publication or delivered at speech or dental conferences on the subject of tongue-thrust etiology. The paper endeavored to pursue all etiological possibilities and consider each theory propounded in order to arrive at a point of agreement, reserved agreement or disagreement between scholars who have done validated research and made a significant contribution to the field. It is important to understand tongue thrust etiology because the tongue-thrust swallowing pattern has a high incidence in the general population primarily among school age children, especially in the lower grades. Increasing number of children with tongue-thrust also have defective speech and therefore serious consideration should be given to the causative factors related to it. The study reviewed the major etiological possibilities for the deviant swallowing pattern commonly referred to as tongue-thrust. The main theories advanced by leading scholar·s were organized into two categories or organic and functional theories. A chart was formed whereby the various theories were listed and association of the theories with the researchers were coordinated so that at a glance it is possible to identify the harmonious or discordant thinking among leading writers regarding tongue-thrust etiology. A review of the literature revealed twelve etiological theories pertaining to the tongue-thrust behavior. Of these the highest number of agreements involved 35 percent of the researchers and stated that tongue-thrust could be etiologically attributed to a structural deviancy or a temporary manifestation occurring intermittently during growth and development of the lower face. Twenty-nine percent felt that early in the years of maturation the performances of swallowing and speech are developed and modified by rapid facial or oral morphological change. Therefore this pattern of infantile swallow will change as a function of growth and development. Twelve percent of the investigators felt that tongue-thrust was innate at birth, while eight percent felt that the tooth shedding years were responsible when the child learns to fill the space left by departing deciduous teeth with the apex of the tongue, therefore fronting the tongue. Nine percent agreed with the hereditary thesis that tongue-thrust is genetically transmitted from parent to offspring as was shown by similar dental structures. Upper respiratory disorders was felt by eleven percent to be a causative factor. The most controversial theory of tongue-thrust appeared· under the heading of nursing habits. Eight percent of scholars felt that bottle feeding contributed to a deviant neuromuscular pattern of swallowing. Non-nutritive sucking habits and tonsillitis tissue was felt by eight percent to play a strong role in tongue-thrust and open bites. Three percent felt that neurological involvements might be a cause, while on the theory of oral fixation only two percent of the scholars submitted a reserved agreement regarding the psychic disturbances relative to the tongue-thrust swallow. Surgical defects was felt by only one percent to be a causative factor. The study should give valuable information both to the field of orthodontics and the field of speech pathology in developing (a) preventive techniques for implementation early in the life of the child who has tendencies towards the forward thrust of the tongue, (b) meaningful counsel to young parents concerning feeding habits of their infants and how to encourage a stronger muscular action within the oral cavity, and (c) more successful therapeutic techniques in the remediation of the abnormal swallowing pattern. The study also demonstrated the fact that few researchers are willing to conclusively affiliate themselves with a particular theory (perhaps because this is not practical or possible). The study would also have carried more validity if each researcher could have been contacted individually for a more complete view of his etiological convictions and to have given his opinion on other etiological theories which were found in the research materials. It is obvious by the wide diversity of opinion presented in the study that tongue-thrust etiology is at best poorly understood, inadequately investigated, and indicative of need for further research so that remedial techniques might be more successfully developed

Sahasram Ati Srajas. Indo-Iranian and Indo-European Studies in Honor of Stephanie W. Jamison

The renowned Indologist and Indo-Europeanist Stephanie W. Jamison has now been honored with this extensive collection of essays by colleagues and students from around the world. The contributors represent a virtual who’s-who of Indo-Iranian and Indo-European scholarship and have produced contributions on everything from Vedic (e.g., Joel Brereton, George Cardona, Paul Kiparsky, Thomas Oberlies) to later Sanskrit (e.g. James Fitzgerald, Hans Henrich Hock, Ted Proferes) to Iranian (e.g. Mark Hale, P. Oktor Skjærvø) to other Indo-European languages (e.g. Dieter Gunkel, Martin Joachim Kümmel, Alan Nussbaum, Don Ringe, Michael Weiss). The volume also includes posthumously published articles by Lisi Oliver and Martin West. In all, these scholars have provided a worthy and rich tribute to a scholar whose own rich scholarship has been so vital to numerous subfields of linguistics, literary, religious, and cultural studies.https://scholarship.richmond.edu/bookshelf/1286/thumbnail.jp