Análisis del conocimiento en la relación agua-suelo-vegetación para el Departamento de Antioquia

En el artículo se presenta una recopilación de los principales resultados obtenidos en el departamento de Antioquia acerca de las interacciones entre el agua, el suelo y la vegetación. Aunque existe conocimiento avanzado en algunos aspectos de esta relación, es necesario profundizar en otros que no han sido abordados de manera integral. Del mismo modo, es necesario ampliar la investigación para cubrir la diversidad de ecosistemas del departamento.This paper presents a compilation of the main results obtained in the Antioquia Department about the interactions between water, soil, and vegetation. Although there is an advanced knowledge in some aspects of this relationship, it is necessary to go deep into other ones which have not been approached in an integral manner. Likewise, it is necessary to enhance the research in order to cover the diversity of ecosystems of the Department

Potential group B Streptococcus interspecies transmission between cattle and people in Colombian dairy farms

Group B Streptococcus (GBS), is a leading cause of neonatal death and an emerging pathogen in adults. Additionally, GBS is a bovine pathogen causing intramammary infections. The likelihood of GBS interspecies transmission is largely unknown. We explored the potential transmission of GBS between cattle and people on dairy farms in Colombia and compared the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles of isolates from both host species. Across 33 farms, throat swabs and rectal swabs were collected from 191 people, and rectal swabs and composite milk samples from 2092 cattle, yielding 60 human isolates and 301 bovine isolates. The majority (64%) of isolates belonged to shared sequence types (ST). Sequence type (ST) 1 was the most common strain in both host species, suggesting that interspecies transmission may be possible. Two members of the bovine-specific clonal complex 61/67 were detected in human samples (ST718 and ST1175), providing evidence for the lack of genuine species barriers. Apparent prevalence of penicillin resistance was surprisingly high in human and bovine isolates. Further investigation of this phenomenon is needed and could lead to modification of standard testing and treatment recommendations in human and veterinary medicine

Implicaciones metodológicas e inconsistencias de la Tercera Comunicación Nacional sobre Cambio Climático de Colombia

Las Comunicaciones Nacionales sobre Cambio Climático (CNCC) son un mecanismo para que los países informen sus avances en mitigación y adaptación, y constituyen uno de los elementos de base para la política sobre cambio climático a escala nacional. Colombia ha emitido tres CNCC. La tercera plantea un escenario que considera las proyecciones de diversos modelos incluidos en la quinta fase del Proyecto de Comparación de Modelos Acoplados (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, CMIP), el cual se estima como el promedio de las proyecciones correspondientes a las cuatro trayectorias de concentración representativa (Representative Concentration Pathways,RCP) presentadas en el quinto reporte de evaluación del Panel Intergubernamental sobre Cambio Climático. Cada una de estas RCP representa una trayectoria de concentración de gases de efecto invernadero (GEI) para un escenario particular de crecimiento poblacional, económico y tecnológico que conduce a una posible trayectoria de evolución del sistema climático. En este estudio se comparan las proyecciones presentadas en la Tercera CNCC con las obtenidas directamente de los modelos empleados. Nuestros resultados demuestran que al utilizarse un promedio de RCP se pierden escenarios alternos que podrían ser importantes a la hora de considerar posibles futuros diferentes y anulan la utilidad de plantear diversas trayectorias de emisiones de GEI. Más aun, una comparación entre la Segunda y la Tercera CNCC muestra proyecciones de precipitación opuestas para diferentes regiones del país, lo cual es de particular importancia, pues el escenario de cambio climático planteado en la Tercera CNCC sirve de referencia para la toma de decisiones en materia de cambio climático a nivel nacional

Factibilidad de una estructura eficiente de capital para Biomax Biocombustibles S. A.

En el presente artículo se exhiben los elementos necesarios para demostrar la existencia de una estructura eficiente de capital para Biocombustibles S. A. Para esto se contextualiza al lector con una corta caracterización de la compañía y una breve descripción de la teoría financiera acerca de la estructura de capital; luego, se analiza la estructura de financiación histórica de la compañía y se presenta un modelo de valoración, esencialmente, a través de los resultados de proyección.In this paper we exhibit the necessary elements to prove the existence of an efficient capital structure for Biocombustibles S. A., the reader is contextualized with a short description of the company and a brief description of financial theory on a capital structure. Then analuses the historical financial structure of the company and presents the valuation model, primarly throught the projection results

Internet of things electromechanical method and device for new or installed gas stoves: Making home safier

Electronic devices have been dabbled into houses to perform automatic tasks and fulfill different needs such as illumination, cooking, air conditioning, surveillance, among others. Furthermore, those elements can collect data from the environment in order to be processed and give better products and services, so, Internet of Things capabilities arises to home, highly cohesive with domotics. However, for developing countries, smart appliances are expensive, and old fridges, washing machines, etc., are still operative, so they must not to be discarded. Other very used appliances are stoves, which work with heating methods like electrical resistances, electrical induction or natural gas. The last one is the most used in a plenty of countries, due to its advantages regarding cost, for instance. Nonetheless, bad manipulation can cause gas leakages, and furthermore, injuries to people and conflagrations, affecting human lives and assets. Thus, a need has been identified regarding gas safety of gas stoves, conserving the installed base. This work shows the results of the main research and design considerations of a new cutting-edge technology that protects people of bad manipulation of already installed or new gas stoves, including the Internet of Things in order to monitor in real-time possible gas leakages and take actions. © 2019 AISTI

A novel energy-efficient machine to compress inorganic residues in eco-bricks as a sustainable construction strategy for low-cost housing

UNESCO has set the Sustainable Developing Goals (SDG) to promote good practices in different areas. The construction industry has evolving to the use of alternative and eco-friendly materials, enhancing the sustainable growth of the cities. One of the main social problems in developing countries arises on the lack of housing at affordable prices, this is reflected as a result of a situation of poverty and exclusion of low-income communities. The present work describes the development of a novel device for the compression of plastic waste in PET bottles, also denominated eco-bricks. The device allows the compaction of plastic laminates and sachets inside bottles of different sizes. Based on a social context, the compactor device was designed for manual operation without the use of electric power, portability, ease of usage and safe operation. Another outcome of this technology is the educational strategy based on the manufacturing of eco-bricks that promotes environmental responsibility that aims at reducing pollution and the indiscriminate and non-responsible use of non-renewable resources in urban and rural environments. The device was submitted for its consideration as an invention patent and therefore granted. © 2019 AISTI

Efficacy and safety of bromfenac 0.09% and sodium hyaluronate 0.4% combination therapy, versus placebo in patients with pterygium I–III for clinical signs on ocular inflammation

Eduardo Chávez-Mondragón,1 Claudia Palacio,2 Abraham Soto-Gómez,3 Miguel Villanueva-Nájera,4 Guillermo De Wit-Carter,5 Ruben Suárez-Velasco,6 Leopoldo Baiza-Duran,7 Oscar Olvera-Montaño,7 Patricia Muñoz-Villegas71Fundación de Asistencia Privada Conde de Valenciana, IAP, CDMX, Mexico; 2Fundación Hospital Nuestra Señora de la Luz, IAP, CDMX, Mexico; 3Catarata y Glaucoma de Occidente, SA de CV, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico; 4Private Office, CDMX, Mexico; 5Asociación para Evitar la Ceguera en Mexico IAP, CDMX, Mexico; 6Novam y Vita, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico; 7Clinical Research Department, Laboratorios Sophia, SA de CV, Zapopan, Jalisco, MexicoPurpose: This study evaluated the clinical efficacy and safety of bromfenac 0.09%, sodium hyaluronate 0.4% (SH) combination therapy, versus placebo and SH in a clinical model of pterygium I–III.Methods: A total of 166 eyes (99 patients) with pterygium grade I–III were randomized to bromfenac 0.09% ophthalmic solution+SH 0.4% or placebo+SH 0.4%. This was a Phase IV, prospective, parallel, double-masked, multicenter clinical trial. One drop of bromfenac or placebo was instilled two times a day (BID) for 20 days, both groups accompanied treatments with one drop of SH three times a day (TID). The primary efficacy endpoints were the conjunctival hyperemia and the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) score. Other results measured included burning, foreign body sensation, and photophobia. The safety was assessed by the tear break-up time (TBUT), visual acuity (VA), IOP, lissamine green, fluorescein stains, and the incidence of adverse events (AEs).Results: Compared with baseline, there was a significant reduction in the conjunctival hyperemia (p=0.0001) and OSDI score in both groups (p=0.0001). There was a significant improvement in ocular symptomatology for both, placebo/SH and bromfenac/SH groups (p=0.0001), the decrement in the ocular burning was 41.1% vs 24.6%, the foreign body sensation was 31.5% vs 36.2% and, for photophobia was 23.3% vs 30.5%, respectively. A statistically significant difference was observed in TBUT for bromfenac/SH (p=0.045), at day 20. There were no significant alterations in IOP (p=0.068) or VA (p=0.632). Similar improvements were observed in the fluorescein and green lissamine staining. Finally, the incidence of AE was similar between groups.Conclusion: The treatment with bromfenac 0.09% ophthalmic solution and SH 0.4% combination therapy for 3 weeks reduced clinical signs, in patients with pterygium I–III. The results suggest that bromfenac 0.09% can improve the symptomatology, reduce the presentation of clinical signs associated with superficial ocular inflammation.Keywords: nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, Ocular Surface Disease Index, conjunctival hyperemia, ocular lubrican

Participación del acompañante en el cuidado del paciente hospitalizado: instituciones de segundo nivel : área metropolitana : Medellín 1999-2000

Descriptive transversal study to identify the opportunities given by the nursing team to familiar attendants echo participate in the care of the hospitalized relatives. It¿s an answer to the continuous questions from the academic practice and the personal experiences with hospitalized relatives. One structured interview soar realized to 265 attendants of hospitalized persons in institutions of the second level of attention; it searched the socio-demographic aspects of the patient and the attendant, and which are were indicated, explained and supported by the nursing team; the education given to attendants is another factor orbed to persons included in the sample. Those hospitalized persons with attendants, 54% are female, in the age group of 64-77 years, with low scholarly. The first cause of morbidity corresponds to gastro-intestinal problems, followed by cardio-vascular diseases. The attendants are usually the daughters with a median age of 45 years. The tasks more frequently realized by attendants are those related to subsistence, such as bathing and feeding, others as lecture, music and games are realized only by 10% of the attendants; conversation is the task more frequently realized. The interaction of the nursing team with the attendants is almost inexistent for all the task of caring explored in this study, except for the indication and support given for the bath. The practical nurse has more interaction with the attendants. It¿s remarkable the absence of the professional nurse. Education is mostly given by the professional nurse, but just to 11% of the hospitalized persons. It¿s only penetrating in the mystery of care and searching deep in the human and cultural character of care, how we can transcend a respectful and trustful relation with the clients, families and the social environment.Estudio descriptivo transversal para identificar las oportunidades de participación en el cuidado que el equipo de enfermería propicia a los acompañantes del paciente hospitalizado. Nace como respuesta a los interrogantes continuos desde la practica académica y por vivencias personales con familiares hospitalizados. Se realiza una entrevista estructurada a 265 acompañantes de instituciones de salud del segundo nivel de complejidad, en las cuales se indagó por aspectos socio-demográficos de los usuarios y acompañantes, las acciones de cuidado que ejecuta el acompañante y cuáles son indicados, explicados y apoyados por el equipo de enfermería. La educación que éste proporciona al acompañante es otro asunto que se cuestionó en la muestra. De los usuarios con acompañante el 54% son de sexo femenino, los de mayor tiempo de compañía están en el grupo etáreo de 64 a 77 años y se caracterizan por un nivel bajo de escolaridad. Como primera causa de morbilidad está los problemas gastrointestinales; seguidos de los problemas cardiovasculares. Las personas que más acompañan son los hijos de sexo femenino, con promedio de edad de 45 años. Los cuidados que más realizan los acompañantes son los relacionados con la subsistencia, como el baño y la alimentación, acciones como la lectura, el juego y la música son realizados sólo en el 10 % en contraste con la conversación que es una de las acciones que más se realizan. La interacción del equipo de enfermería con el acompañante es mínima para casi todos los cuidados explorados en el estudio, se presentó la mayor interacción en la indicación, explicación y apoyo del baño. La auxiliar de enfermería es quien más interactúa con el acompañante en estas categorías; sobresale la poca interacción del profesional en enfermería. La educación, es impartida por el profesional de enfermería en mayor proporción; sin embargo, sólo se brinda al 11% del total de usuarios hospitalizados. Solo sí se penetra en el misterio del cuidado y se aborda profundamente el carácter humano y cultural de éste podemos trascender la relación con el usuario en términos de confianza, respeto y pertinencia con su familia y con el entorno social