Prevalencia de Caries y Pérdida de Dientes en Población de 65 a 74 Años de Santiago, Chile

AbstractObjectivesTo measure prevalence of caries and tooth loss among low and middle-low socio-economic level elderly from Santiago, Chile.MethodsProportionate stratified probabilistic sampling techniques; sample of 109 people (74 women and 35 men) aged 65 to 74. Data gathered by means of a face-to-face questionnaire. Informed consent was obtained; individuals were examined by a calibrated dentist. The study was carried out from March to December 2008. Data analysis considered chi-square and ANOVA.ResultsDMFT was 24.9 (CI: 23.83; 25.96). All the individuals had caries experience; 45.9% had active caries lesions. The mean of non-treated active caries lesions was 0.9 per individual. Concerning prosthesis, 38.5% of individuals were found to use removable prosthesis and 15 people (13.76%) were edentulous.ConclusionsThe size of the gap and the importance of social environment on damaging oral health should lead to face this problem from a wider perspective of social determinants of health when building public policies

Naturaleza y efectos de la misión canónica en la organización eclesiástica

Sumario: Introducción. 1. Apunte Histórico. 2. Objeto de la misión canónica. 2.1. Las funciones públicas. 2.2. Las facultades. 2.3. La potestad eclesiástica. 3. Instrumentos de la misión canónica. 3.1. El oficio eclesiástico. 3.2. Otras formas de asignación de funciones públicas. 4. Sujetos de la misión canónica. 4.1 Los fieles como sujetos de la misión canónica. 4.2. La misión canónica de los ministros sagrados. 5. «Excursus»: La misión canónica y la enseñanza de las ciencias sagradas. 5.1. Argumentos a favor de la necesidad de la misión canónica para enseñar ciencias sagradas. 5.2. Argumentos a favor de que no es necesaria la misión canónica para enseñar ciencias sagradas. 6. Conclusión. Bibliografía. Índice de la tesis doctoral

Owner Exposure Through Firm Disclosure

We study whether firms avoid financial disclosures to preserve their owners’ financial privacy. We find that firms named after their owner, for whom firm disclosure would more directly expose owner information, are more opaque. Eponymous owners prefer firm opacity when disclosure exposes sensitive owner information with social stigma, in rural and anti-capitalist areas, and in insider-oriented settings with high secrecy and distrust. When firms are forced to disclose, eponymous owners more frequently change their firms’ names, and new firms are less frequently named after their founding owners. These findings indicate that owner-level privacy concerns dampen firm-level disclosure incentives

Disposition and residues of marbofloxacin in eggs of laying hens

Marbofloxacin belongs to the group of fluoroquinolones, used exclusively in domestic animals. This study was carried out with the purpose of studying the temporal disposition of marbofloxacin in edible compartments of the egg after administration of 1, 52 mg/kg of marbofloxacin in drinking water for 11 consecutive days in hens in posture peak and average weight of 1,91±0,25 kg. Birds were housed in individual cages under controlled light conditions, ambient temperature, relative humidity, water and balanced feed ad libitum. After the administration, eggs were collected daily and immediately separated into albumen and yolk, identified per bird/day and stored at-20°C until analysis. The preparative assay consisted in extraction of the analyte using 200 mg of yolk or albumen, as appropriate, in deionized water, homogenizing solution and enrofloxacin solution as internal standard. Separation and quantification were performed by HPLC by reverse phase isocratic elution with fluorescence detector, mobile phase composed of water, acetonitrile and triethylamine adjusted to pH 3. According to the peak areas of known concentrations, the concentrations of the test samples were calculated by simple linear regression. The established marbofloxacin levels are higher and more persistent in the yolk than in albumen, reaching 8 and 9 days, respectively. The disposition characteristics observed with marbofloxacin are compatible with the physico-chemical properties of the antimicrobial with the respective compartments of the egg and the time required for its formation. Data obtained from marbofloxacin depletion in egg compartments were analyzed using the EMEA WT 1.4 software and conjecturing a rigorous MRL (0,001 µg/kg), a withdrawal period of 13 and 17 days was estimated, for albumen and yolk, respectively.Fil: Errecalde, Carlos. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria; ArgentinaFil: Urzúa Pizarro, Natala Francisca. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto; ArgentinaFil: Prieto, G.. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto; ArgentinaFil: Luders, C.. Universidad Catolica de Temuco.; ChileFil: Liboa, Rosendo Anibal. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto; ArgentinaFil: Gramaglia, Romina Andrea. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnologías Energéticas y Materiales Avanzados. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnologías Energéticas y Materiales Avanzados; Argentin

Improving gene function predictions using independent transcriptional components

The interpretation of high throughput sequencing data is limited by our incomplete functional understanding of coding and non-coding transcripts. Reliably predicting the function of such transcripts can overcome this limitation. Here we report the use of a consensus independent component analysis and guilt-by-association approach to predict over 23,000 functional groups comprised of over 55,000 coding and non-coding transcripts using publicly available transcriptomic profiles. We show that, compared to using Principal Component Analysis, Independent Component Analysis-derived transcriptional components enable more confident functionality predictions, improve predictions when new members are added to the gene sets, and are less affected by gene multi-functionality. Predictions generated using human or mouse transcriptomic data are made available for exploration in a publicly available web portal. Our understanding of the function of many transcripts is still incomplete, limiting the interpretability of transcriptomic data. Here the authors use consensus-independent component analysis, together with a guilt-by-association approach, to improve the prediction of gene function

Innovations in earthquake risk reduction for resilience: Recent advances and challenges

The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030 (SFDRR) highlights the importance of scientific research, supporting the ‘availability and application of science and technology to decision making’ in disaster risk reduction (DRR). Science and technology can play a crucial role in the world’s ability to reduce casualties, physical damage, and interruption to critical infrastructure due to natural hazards and their complex interactions. The SFDRR encourages better access to technological innovations combined with increased DRR investments in developing cost-effective approaches and tackling global challenges. To this aim, it is essential to link multi- and interdisciplinary research and technological innovations with policy and engineering/DRR practice. To share knowledge and promote discussion on recent advances, challenges, and future directions on ‘Innovations in Earthquake Risk Reduction for Resilience’, a group of experts from academia and industry met in London, UK, in July 2019. The workshop focused on both cutting-edge ‘soft’ (e.g., novel modelling methods/frameworks, early warning systems, disaster financing and parametric insurance) and ‘hard’ (e.g., novel structural systems/devices for new structures and retrofitting of existing structures, sensors) risk-reduction strategies for the enhancement of structural and infrastructural earthquake safety and resilience. The workshop highlighted emerging trends and lessons from recent earthquake events and pinpointed critical issues for future research and policy interventions. This paper summarises some of the key aspects identified and discussed during the workshop to inform other researchers worldwide and extend the conversation to a broader audience, with the ultimate aim of driving change in how seismic risk is quantified and mitigated

Desarrollo infantil en uruguay : una aproximación a sus determinantes

Por último, el estudio efectuado por Katzkowicz y Querejeta (2017) también analiza el efecto de la asistencia escolar en el desarrollo infantil y muestra que la asistencia a centros educativos tiene efectos positivos en las distintas dimensiones del test ASQ-3, los cuales son más pronunciados para los niños pertenecientes a los quintiles de ingresos más altos. A partir de la estrategia empírica utilizada, se observa, en términos generales, qué características de los niños, características socioeconómicas del hogar, variables referentes a las madres durante el embarazo, variables respecto a los recién nacidos y prácticas de crianza, tienen un efecto positivo en los indicadores de ASQ-3 y CBCL para las distintas olas, y al considerar la varia-ción entre olas.The analysis of child development has become extremely important in recent years because of the influence it has throughout people's life cycle. This paper aims to provide evidence on the situation of early childhood in Uruguay by analyzing its characteristics and determinants. In order to carry out this study, a characterization of early childhood is conducted and different econometric models are applied to evaluate the determinants of child development. For this purpose, the ASQ-3 and CBCL tests collected by the National Child Development and Health Survey are used. In general terms, the characteristics of children and socioeconomic characteristics of households, variables referring to mothers during pregnancy and to newborns, and child-rearing practices have a positive effect on development. Early childhood policies are fundamental to contributing to adequate child development

Presidential Election Laws and Multipartism in Latin America

This article examines the interaction between the rules governing presidential elections and multipartism in Latin America. Data from 16 Latin American systems are examined through the use of a multivariate model to gain an understanding of the independent impact of presidential electoral formula (plurality vs. majority), the timing of presidential and legislative elections (concurrent vs. nonconcurrent) and legislative district magnitude on legislative multipartism, and by extension, on the number of relevant political parties operating in the nation. The findings demonstrate the strong and significant impact which formula and timing have on multipartism. They also point to the importance of examining the interaction between elections for different constituent institutions. Finally, they underscore the applicability of Duverger's law to presidential elections.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/68710/2/10.1177_106591299404700103.pd