130 research outputs found
âItâs better than daytime televisionâ: questioning the socio-spatial impacts of massage parlours on residential communities
It has been shown that street sex work is problematic for some communities, but there is less evidence of the effects of brothels. Emerging research also suggests that impact discourses outlined by residential communities and in regulatory policies should be critiqued, because they are often based on minority community voices, and limited tangible evidence is used to masquerade wider moral viewpoints about the place of sex work. Using a study of residents living in close proximity to brothels in Blackpool, this paper argues that impact is socially and spatially fluid. Impact needs to be evaluated in a more nuanced manner, which is considerate of the heterogeneity of (even one type of) sex work, and the community in question. Brothels in Blackpool had a variety of roles in the everyday socio-spatial fabric; thus also questioning the common assumption that sex work only impacts negatively on residential communities
Assessing spatial fluctuations, temporal variability, and measurement error in estimated levels of disinfection by-products in tap water: implications for exposure assessment
Aims: To assess spatial fluctuations, temporal variability, and errors due to sampling and analysis in levels
of disinfection by-products in routine monitoring tap water samples and in water samples collected in
households within the same distribution system for an exposure assessment study.
Methods: Mixed effects models were applied to quantify seasonal effects and the degree to which
trihalomethane (THM) levels vary among households or locations relative to variation over time within
seasons for any given location. In a separate analysis, the proportion of total variation due to
measurement error arising from sampling and analysis was also quantified.
Results: THM levels were higher in the summer relative to other seasons. Differences in the relative
magnitude of the intra- and inter-household components of variation were observed between the two sets
of THM measurements, with a greater proportion of the variation due to differences within seasons for the
routine monitoring data and a greater proportion of the variation due to differences across locations for
the exposure assessment study data. Such differences likely arose due to differences in the strategies used
to select sites for sampling and in the time periods over which the data were collected. With the exception
of bromodichloromethane, measurement errors due to sampling and analysis contributed a small
proportion of the total variation in THM levels.
Conclusions: The utility of routine monitoring data in assigning exposure in epidemiological studies is
limited because such data may not represent the magnitude of spatial variability in levels of disinfection byproducts across the distribution system. Measurement error contributes a relatively small proportion to the
total variation in THM levels, which suggests that gathering a greater number of samples over time with
fewer replicates collected at each sampling location is more efficient and would likely yield improved
estimates of household exposure
Maternal Occupational Exposure to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Effects on Gastroschisis among Offspring in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study
Background: Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) occurs in many occupational settings. There is evidence in animal models that maternal exposure to PAHs during pregnancy is associated with gastroschisis in offspring; however, to our knowledge, no human studies examining this association have been conducted
Maternal occupational exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and congenital heart defects among offspring in the national birth defects prevention study
There is evidence in experimental model systems that exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) results in congenital heart defects (CHDs); however, to our knowledge, this relationship has not been examined in humans. Therefore, we conducted a case-control study assessing the association between estimated maternal occupational exposure to PAHs and CHDs in offspring
Mundos mesclados, espaços segregados: cultura material, mestiçagem e segmentação no sĂtio Aldeia em SantarĂ©m (PA)
This article discusses the processes of cultural exchange between Portuguese, Portuguese-Brazilian, Amerindians, and mestizos based on the analysis of the material culture from households of SantarĂ©m (PA), occupied during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries,. Although these social groups manipulated material culture aiming to express different values, related to hierarchy, social segmentation, and affirmation of identities, ambiguity also characterizes these assemblages. This material ambiguity informs about the mixtures of both practices and cultural references that brought about the building of a mestizo society.Com base na anĂĄlise da cultura material proveniente de unidades domĂ©sticas do nĂșcleo urbano de SantarĂ©m (PA), ocupadas nos sĂ©culos XVIII e XIX, o presente artigo discute os processos de trocas culturais entre portugueses, luso-brasileiros, indĂgenas e mestiços. Embora esses grupos sociais tenham manipulado a cultura material visando expressar diferentes valores, relacionados Ă hierarquia, segmentação social e afirmação de identidades, a ambigĂŒidade Ă© uma caracterĂstica das amostras analisadas, informando sobre as misturas de prĂĄticas e de referenciais culturais que levaram Ă construção de uma sociedade mestiça
Carcinogenicity of cobalt, antimony compounds, and weapons-grade tungsten alloy
The complete evaluation of the carcinogenicity of cobalt, antimony compounds, and weapons-grade tungsten alloy will be published in Volume 131 of the IARC Monographs.[Excerpt] In March, 2022, a Working Group of 31 scientists from 13 countries met remotely at the invitation of the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) to finalise their evaluation of the carcinogenicity of nine agents: cobalt metal (without tungsten carbide or other metal alloys), soluble cobalt(II) salts, cobalt(II) oxide, cobalt(II,III) oxide, cobalt(II) sulfide, other cobalt(II) compounds, trivalent antimony, pentavalent antimony, and weapons-grade tungsten (with nickel and cobalt) alloy. For cobalt metal and the cobalt compounds, particles of all sizes were included in the evaluation. These assessments will be published in Volume 131 of the IARC Monographs.1
Cobalt metal and soluble cobalt(II) salts were classified as âprobably carcinogenic to humansâ (Group 2A) based on âsufficientâ evidence for cancer in experimental animals and âstrongâ mechanistic evidence in human primary cells. Cobalt(II) oxide and weapons-grade tungsten alloy were classified as âpossibly carcinogenic to humansâ (Group 2B) based on âsufficientâ evidence in experimental animals. Trivalent antimony was classified as âprobably carcinogenic to humansâ (Group 2A), based on âlimitedâ evidence for cancer in humans, âsufficientâ evidence for cancer in experimental animals, and âstrongâ mechanistic evidence in human primary cells and in experimental systems. Cobalt(II,III) oxide, cobalt(II) sulfide, other cobalt(II) compounds, and pentavalent antimony were each evaluated as ânot classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humansâ (Group 3).[...
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