2,868 research outputs found
Regulation of CD1 Antigen-presenting Complex Stability
For major histocompatibility complex class I and II molecules, the binding of specific peptide antigens is essential for assembly and trafficking and is at the center of their quality control mechanism. However, the role of lipid antigen binding in stabilization and quality control of CD1 heavy chain (HC).beta(2)-microglobulin (beta(2)m) complexes is unclear. Furthermore, the distinct trafficking and loading routes of CD1 proteins take them from mildly acidic pH in early endososmal compartments (pH 6.0) to markedly acidic pH in lysosomes (pH 5.0) and back to neutral pH of the cell surface (pH 7.4). Here, we present evidence that the stability of each CD1 HC.beta(2)m complex is determined by the distinct pH optima identical to that of the intracellular compartments in which each CD1 isoform resides. Although stable at acidic endosomal pH, complexes are only stable at cell surface pH 7.4 when bound to specific lipid antigens. The proposed model outlines a quality control program that allows lipid exchange at low endosomal pH without dissociation of the CD1 HC.beta(2)m complex and then stabilizes the antigen-loaded complex at neutral pH at the cell surface
Thermal fluctuation of magnetization in nanocrystalline FePt thin films with high coercivity
科研費報告書収録論文(課題番号:11305027・基盤研究(A)(2)・H11~H12/研究代表者:中村, 慶久/柔軟なスピンクラスター配列からなる超高密度磁気記録メディアの研究
Loss of AP-3 function affects spontaneous and evoked release at hippocampal mossy fiber synapses
Synaptic vesicle (SV) exocytosis mediating neurotransmitter release occurs
spontaneously at low intraterminal calcium concentrations and is stimulated by
a rise in intracellular calcium. Exocytosis is compensated for by the
reformation of vesicles at plasma membrane and endosomes. Although the adaptor
complex AP-3 was proposed to be involved in the formation of SVs from
endosomes, whether its function has an indirect effect on exocytosis remains
unknown. Using mocha mice, which are deficient in functional AP-3, we identify
an AP-3-dependent tetanus neurotoxin-resistant asynchronous release that can be
evoked at hippocampal mossy fiber (MF) synapses. Presynaptic targeting of the
tetanus neurotoxin-resistant vesicle soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor
attachment protein receptor (SNARE) tetanus neurotoxin-insensitive
vesicle-associated membrane protein (TI-VAMP) is lost in mocha hippocampal MF
terminals, whereas the localization of synaptobrevin 2 is unaffected. In
addition, quantal release in mocha cultures is more frequent and more sensitive
to sucrose. We conclude that lack of AP-3 results in more constitutive
secretion and loss of an asynchronous evoked release component, suggesting an
important function of AP-3 in regulating SV exocytosis at MF terminals
Correlations of observables in chaotic states of macroscopic quantum systems
We study correlations of observables in energy eigenstates of chaotic systems
of a large size . We show that the bipartite entanglement of two subsystems
is quite strong, whereas macroscopic entanglement of the total system is
absent. It is also found that correlations, either quantum or classical, among
less than points are quite small. These results imply that chaotic states
are stable. Invariance of these properties under local operations is also
shown.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figure
Wehrl entropy, Lieb conjecture and entanglement monotones
We propose to quantify the entanglement of pure states of
bipartite quantum system by defining its Husimi distribution with respect to
coherent states. The Wehrl entropy is minimal if and only
if the pure state analyzed is separable. The excess of the Wehrl entropy is
shown to be equal to the subentropy of the mixed state obtained by partial
trace of the bipartite pure state. This quantity, as well as the generalized
(R{\'e}nyi) subentropies, are proved to be Schur--convex, so they are
entanglement monotones and may be used as alternative measures of entanglement
High power diode laser surface glazing of concrete
This present work describes the utilisation of the relatively novel high power diode laser
(HPDL) to generate a surface glaze on the ordinary Portland cement (OPC) surface of
concrete. The value of such an investigation would be to facilitate the hitherto impossible
task of generating a durable and long-lasting surface seal on the concrete, thereby extending
the life and applications base of the concrete. The basic process phenomena are investigated
and the laser effects in terms of glaze morphology, composition and microstructure
are presented. Also, the resultant heat affects are analysed and described, as well as
the effects of the shield gases, O2 and Ar, during laser processing. HPDL glazing of OPC
was successfully demonstrated with power densities as low as 750 W cm-2 and at scanning
rates up to 480 mm min-1. The work showed that the generation of the surface glaze resulted
in improved mechanical and chemical properties over the untreated OPC surface of concrete.
Both untreated and HPDL glazed OPC were tested for pull-off strength, rupture strength,
water absorption, wear resistance and corrosion resistance. The OPC laser glaze exhibited
clear improvements in wear, water sorptivity, and resistance (up to 80% concentration) to
nitric acid, sodium hydroxide and detergent. Life assessment testing revealed that the OPC
laser glaze had an increase in actual wear life of 1.3 to 14.8 times over the untreated OPC
surface of concrete, depending upon the corrosive environment
Sr2+ binding to the Ca2+ binding site of the synaptotagmin 1 C2B domain triggers fast exocytosis without stimulating SNARE interactions
Sr2+ triggers neurotransmitter release similar to Ca2+, but less efficiently. We now show that in synaptotagmin 1 knockout mice, the fast component of both Ca2+- and Sr2+-induced release is selectively impaired, suggesting that both cations partly act by binding to synaptotagmin 1. Both the C(2)A and the C2B domain of synaptotagmin 1 bind Ca2+ in phospholipid complexes, but only the C2B domain forms Sr2+/phospholipid complexes; therefore, Sr2+ binding to the C2B domain is sufficient to trigger fast release, although with decreased efficacy. Ca2+ induces binding of the synaptotagmin C, domains to SNARE proteins, whereas Sr2+ even at high concentrations does not. Thus, triggering of the fast component of release by Sr2+ as a Ca2+ agonist involves the formation of synaptotagmin/ phospholipid complexes, but does not require stimulated SNARE binding
Tests and applications of self-consistent cranking in the interacting boson model
The self-consistent cranking method is tested by comparing the cranking
calculations in the interacting boson model with the exact results obtained
from the SU(3) and O(6) dynamical symmetries and from numerical
diagonalization. The method is used to study the spin dependence of shape
variables in the and boson models. When realistic sets of parameters
are used, both models lead to similar results: axial shape is retained with
increasing cranking frequency while fluctuations in the shape variable
are slightly reduced.Comment: 9 pages, 3 ps figures, Revte
Aproveitamento da borra de açaí para produção de biscoitos.
Este trabalho avaliou a farinha da borra de açaí na substituição parcial da farinha de trigo na formulação de biscoito
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