2,630 research outputs found
Teaching an Active Learner with Contrastive Examples
We study the problem of active learning with the added twist that the learner
is assisted by a helpful teacher. We consider the following natural interaction
protocol: At each round, the learner proposes a query asking for the label of
an instance , the teacher provides the requested label
along with explanatory information to guide the learning process. In this
paper, we view this information in the form of an additional contrastive
example () where is picked from a set constrained by
(e.g., dissimilar instances with the same label). Our focus is to design a
teaching algorithm that can provide an informative sequence of contrastive
examples to the learner to speed up the learning process. We show that this
leads to a challenging sequence optimization problem where the algorithm's
choices at a given round depend on the history of interactions. We investigate
an efficient teaching algorithm that adaptively picks these contrastive
examples. We derive strong performance guarantees for our algorithm based on
two problem-dependent parameters and further show that for specific types of
active learners (e.g., a generalized binary search learner), the proposed
teaching algorithm exhibits strong approximation guarantees. Finally, we
illustrate our bounds and demonstrate the effectiveness of our teaching
framework via two numerical case studies.Comment: Fix the illustrative exampl
Learning User Preferences to Incentivize Exploration in the Sharing Economy
We study platforms in the sharing economy and discuss the need for incentivizing users to explore options that otherwise would not be chosen. For instance, rental platforms such as Airbnb typically rely on customer reviews to provide users with relevant information about different options. Yet, often a large fraction of options does not have any reviews available. Such options are frequently neglected as viable choices, and in turn are unlikely to be evaluated, creating a vicious cycle. Platforms can engage users to deviate from their preferred choice by offering monetary incentives for choosing a different option instead. To efficiently learn the optimal incentives to offer, we consider structural information in user preferences and introduce a novel algorithm - Coordinated Online Learning (CoOL) - for learning with structural information modeled as convex constraints. We provide formal guarantees on the performance of our algorithm and test the viability of our approach in a user study with data of apartments on Airbnb. Our findings suggest that our approach is well-suited to learn appropriate incentives and increase exploration on the investigated platform
On Learning with LAD
The logical analysis of data, LAD, is a technique that yields two-class
classifiers based on Boolean functions having disjunctive normal form (DNF)
representation. Although LAD algorithms employ optimization techniques, the
resulting binary classifiers or binary rules do not lead to overfitting. We
propose a theoretical justification for the absence of overfitting by
estimating the Vapnik-Chervonenkis dimension (VC dimension) for LAD models
where hypothesis sets consist of DNFs with a small number of cubic monomials.
We illustrate and confirm our observations empirically
Drug utilization study in diabetic patients seeking medical treatment in a north Indian rural medical college hospital
Background: Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic disease and its life-long management causes burden on lifestyle and financial condition of the patients. Drug utilization studies provide useful insights into the current prescribing practices.Methods: To evaluate the drug utilization pattern of anti-diabetic drugs in diabetic patients. A prospective observational study was carried out in adult diabetic patients visiting the Wards and Outpatient Department of General Medicine of a tertiary care hospital. The demographic data and utilization of different classes of anti-diabetic agents as well as individual drugs were analyzed.Results: In 125 patients (Male-65, Female-60), a total of 379 drugs (average 3.032±2.05) were used per day, out of which 76 (20.05%) were rational fixed dose combinations (FDCs) and 261 (68.86%) were prescribed from National List of Essential Medicines (NLEM) 2015. The number of drugs prescribed to be ingested was 326 (86.01%) and 63 (16.62%) were injectables.Conclusions: It was found that the prescription tendencies of the doctors were quite rational. More improvement can be done by sensitizing them to prescribe more drugs from NLEM. The limitations in the affordability of rural population should be taken care of while prescribing drugs for this chronic disease
Enhanced Security Protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks
The need for security in communications is in fact not new. This need has existed in military communications for thousands of years. In this paper, we focus on network protocols that provide security services. Wireless sensor network is an emerging technology that shows applications both for public as well as military purposes. Monitoring is one of the main applications. A large amount of redundant data is generated by sensor nodes. This paper compares all the protocols which are designed for security of wireless sensor network on the basis of security services and propose an improved protocol that reduces communication overhead by removing data redundancy from the network. By using the message sequence number we can check whether it is old message or new message. If the message is old then no need to send that message thereby reducing overhead. It also integrates security by data freshness in the protocol
Neutron irradiated prototype CBM-STS microstrip sensors tested for double metal or cable interconnections of the end strips
Multiple mediation analysis of the peer-delivered Thinking Healthy Programme for perinatal depression: findings from two parallel, randomised controlled trials
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