LANDSAT derived snowcover as an input variable for snowmelt runoff forecasting in south central Colorado

There are no author-identified significant results in this report

Luminosity enhancement in relativistic jets and altered luminosity functions for beamed objects

Due to relativistic effects, the observed emission from relativistic jets is quite different from the rest frame emission. Systematic differences between the observed and intrinsic intensities of sources in which jet phenomena are occurring are discussed. Assuming that jets have a power law luminosity function of a slope B, the observed luminosity distribution as a function of the velocity of the jet, the spectral index of the rest frame emission, and the range of angles of the jets relative to our line of sight are calculated. The results is well-approximated by two power laws, the higher luminosity end having the original power law index X and the lower luminosity end having a flattened exponent independent of B and only slightly greater than 1. A model consisting of beamed emission from a jet and unbeamed emission from a stationary central component is investigated. The luminosity functions for these two-component sources are calculated for two ranges of angles. For sources in which beaming is important, the luminosity function is much flatter. Because of this, the relative numbers of ""beamed'' and ""unbeamed'' sources detected on the sky depend strongly on the luminosity at which the comparison is made

Boyd C. Shafer to Professor Silver, 13 November 1961

Personal correspondenc

Numerical and Experimental Investigation of Machinery Isolation Featuring Gap-Type Nonlinear Rotational Inertial Mechanisms for Marine Applications

Transmitted noise and vibration from equipment and machinery is an ongoing and serious priority onboard marine vessels as noise and vibrations interfere with system operations and can compromise the functionality of the vessel. Vibration isolation systems have been widely studied for civil and mechanical applications because of the damage that can occur from extreme vibrations and excessive motion. Conventional vibration isolation systems often include components such as springs and dampers in the isolation layer, but researchers have begun to incorporate other devices including, linear rotational inertial mechanisms (RIMs), often known as inerters, to enhance traditional vibration isolation systems. The inerter is a mechanical device with two terminals in which the equal and opposite force produced is equal to a constant known as inertance multiplied by the relative acceleration between the two terminals. The inertance is a calculated value based on characteristics of the inerter including the geometry of its flywheel. When an inerter is incorporated in an isolation system, the inerter reduces the natural frequency of the system and reduces displacements, but also results in high-frequency transmitted forces, or loads induced back into the system. The high-frequency transmitted forces caused by inerters have encouraged the investigation of nonlinear rotational inertial mechanisms (NRIMs). The objective of this thesis was to investigate the behavior of NRIMs, with an emphasis on gap-type mechanisms, for use in machinery isolation in marine environments. A numerical study was performed to compare a conventional inerter with three different NRIMs. To experimentally investigate linear rotational inertial mechanisms and nonlinear rotational inertial mechanisms, a test apparatus was designed to analyze the effects of incorporating these devices in an isolation layer. A gap-type NRIM, referred to as the bushing-crown gap inerter that would engage and disengage a flywheel based on the primary mass displacement, was designed, fabricated, and tested to determine the effectiveness of the device. The test apparatus was tested without a RIM, with a linear RIM, and with a NRIM to compare responses. The bushing-crown gap inerter significantly reduced high-frequency transmitted forces compared to the RIM. The natural frequency of the isolation mode of the system increased slightly with the gap-type NRIM compared to the no RIM case. Additionally, the amplitude of the peak at the natural frequency was decreased compared to the no RIM case but was still slightly higher than the conventional inerter. The gap-type NRIM flywheel configuration has potential to reduce the natural frequency peak amplitude while avoiding high-frequency transmitted forces that is observed with the inerter when subjected to broadband loading. The results of this research indicate the potential of gap-type NRIMs and encourage further study of them

Applications systems verification and transfer project. Volume 4: Operational applications of satellite snow cover observations. Colorado Field Test Center

The study was conducted on six watersheds ranging in size from 277 km to 3460 km in the Rio Grande and Arkansas River basins of southwestern Colorado. Six years of satellite data in the period 1973-78 were analyzed and snowcover maps prepared for all available image dates. Seven snowmapping techniques were explored; the photointerpretative method was selected as the most accurate. Three schemes to forecast snowmelt runoff employing satellite snowcover observations were investigated. They included a conceptual hydrologic model, a statistical model, and a graphical method. A reduction of 10% in the current average forecast error is estimated when snowcover data in snowmelt runoff forecasting is shown to be extremely promising. Inability to obtain repetitive coverage due to the 18 day cycle of LANDSAT, the occurrence of cloud cover and slow image delivery are obstacles to the immediate implementation of satellite derived snowcover in operational streamflow forecasting programs

Goddard X-ray astronomy contributions to the IAU/COSPAR (1982)

The relation of X-ray flux to both the continuum flux in the optical and radio bands, and to the line emission properties of these objects were studied. The Einstein Observatory, because of increased sensitivity and improved angular resolution, increased substantially the number of known X-ray emitting active galactic nuclei. The Einstein imaging instruments detected morphology in AGN X-ray emission, in particular from jetlike structures in Cen-A, M87, and 3C273. The improved energy resolution and sensitivity of the spectrometers onboard the Observatory provide information on the geometry and ionization structure of the region responsible for the broad optical emission lines in a few AGN's. This information, combined with theoretical modeling and IUE and optical observations, allows the construction of a moderately detailed picture of the broad line region in these objects

Reconciliation of object interaction models

This paper presents Reconciliation+, a tool-supported method which identifies overlaps between models of different object interactions expressed as UML sequence and/or collaboration diagrams, checks whether the overlapping elements of these models satisfy specific consistency rules, and guides developers in handling these inconsistencies. The method also keeps track of the decisions made and the actions taken in the process of managing inconsistencies

Health Care Reform\u27s Proposed End-of-Life Provisions

End-of-life planning promotes patient autonomy by allowing individual patients to inform and direct care givers and healthcare proxies on their desired level of end-of-life care, where the patient prefers to pass away (whether at home or in a hospital setting), and the methods and levels of pain management that the patient deems desirable. Given that, it is counter-intuitive that a significant majority of American\u27s fail to execute, or fail to properly execute, advance directives. Theauthor’seffortsfocusonwhatcanbedonetoimprove,generally,end-of-lifecare. Tothatend,theauthorsconclude that improvements in end-of-life care must be achieved at three levels: the individual level, the healthcare provider level, andatthegovernmentlevel. Ontheindividuallevel,patientsmustassumegreateraccountabilityfortheirownend-of-life care. Thatentailsmakingone\u27swishesforend-of-lifecareknowntofamilymembersandhealthcareproviders. Onthe healthcare provider level, improved patient communication and improved delivery of palliative-oriented care are first order initiatives. Finally, the government can play a significant role in improving end-of-life care by collecting better healthcare utilization and cost data on end-of-life experiences, expanding benefits for palliative care services, and promoting the use of advance directives through legislative efforts that include patient education measures