ANTIDIABETIC AND HYPOLIPIDEMIC EFFECTS OF METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF VENTILAGO MADERASPATANA IN STREPTOZOTOCIN INDUCED DIABETIC RATS

This study evaluated methanolic extract of Ventilago maderaspatana (MVM) on reducing hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in streptozotocin -induced diabetic rats. MVM was orally administered once a day after 3 days of streptozotocin -induction at 100,200 and 400 mg/kg for 45 day and the results showed that serum fasting blood glucose, glucose – 6 – phosphotase , fructose 1, 6 –phosphotase in hepatic tissues ,total cholesterol,, free fatty acids and triglyceride in serum, HbA1c in blood levels were significantly decreased, whereas haemoglobulin in blood  and serum high density lipoprotein, glucokinase, glucose – 6 – Phosphate dehydrogenase in hepatic tissues and liver and muscle glycogen level were increased. The dosage of 400 mg/kg is more effective than that of 100, 200 mg/kg. These results suggest that the MVM possesses antidiabetic and hypolipidemic effects in streptozotocin -induced diabetic rats. Key words:  Ventilago maderaspatana ,antihyperlipidemic ,antihyperglycemic and streptozotoci

COMPARATIVE STUDY ON ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF SEAWEEDS

Objective: Secondary metabolites from natural resources are a potential source of antimicrobial leads and drugs can exploited to combat antimicrobial resistance in microorganisms. Seaweeds are considered as a valuable source with a broad spectrum of biological activities. Hence, this study was undertaken to screen seaweeds from Mandapam coastal waters, East coast of India, for antimicrobial activity.Methods: Compounds were extracted using methanol from the seaweeds, namely, Halimeda gracilis, Caulerpa serrulata, Sargassum swartzii, Sargassum wightii, Jania rubens, Ulva lactuca, Ulva fasciata, Gracilaria corticata, Stoechospermum marginatum, Caulerpa scalpelliformis, Caulerpa taxifolia, Chaetomorpha crassa, Enteromorpha flexuosa, and Turbinaria ornate. The extracts were screened for their antimicrobial activity against selected bacterial and fungal pathogens.Results: In the present study, S. swartzii, J. rubens, and S. marginatum showed broad spectrum of antibacterial activity against all the test bacterial pathogens. Among these, the maximum activity was exhibited by S. swartzii against Enterococcus faecalis (27.00 ± 0.88) and Streptococcus pyogenes (23.00 ± 0.84), followed by J. rubens against E. faecalis (26.00 ± 0.56) and S. pyogenes (22.00 ± 0.75), and S. marginatum exhibited significant inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus (15.00 ± 0.22) and S. pyogenes (18.00 ± 1.16).Conclusion: These seaweeds with significant antibacterial activity will subjected to phytochemical screening to find out the potential active principle responsible for antimicrobial activity. It is followed by purification and characterization of the compounds for possible application in drug formulation, can take this to large-scale application in pharmaceutical industries

A real time application on Neutrosophic Nano Soft Topology

In this paper, we introduce Neutrosophic Nano Topological Space inducedby soft set. The “Neutrosophic Nano Soft Topological Space”(NNSTS) is generated by soft lower approximation, soft upper approximation and soft boundary region. The approximations are derived by the soft relation. Also a real life problem is converted to Neutrosophic Nano Soft Topology and solved by calculating score value.Publisher's Versio

Assessing the Effectiveness of Library and Information Services in GITAM University, Andhra Pradesh, India

The main of this study was to examine the use and effectiveness of library and information services. In this study the examine distributed Questionnaires among 200 Research Scholars at GITAM University, Andhra Pradesh, India and collect primary data from respondents. A total number of 170 filled questionnaires were received using frequency and percentage counts. Findings from the study revealed that reference, digital library, circulation, photocopying services were the most important utilized services. These services were also considered as effective services. Majority of users were satisfied library and information services. Keywords: Academic Libraries University Libraries, Deemed University Libraries Library Information Services

Preclinical and Clinical study of siddha drugs Kukkil Chooranam (Internal) and Thuvara Ennai (External) in the Treatment of Pun (Naalavibatha Pun-Varicose Ulcer)

The disease Naalavibatha pun was taken for the clinical study with Kukkil Chooranam as internal medicine and Thuvaraennai as external application. For the clinical study, 40 cases were selected based on the approved protocol. This study has been approved by IEC of NIS [Date of IEC Approval& its number: NIS/IEC/9-2014-15/14-26.08.2015]. Animal studies were carried out after obtaining approval from the Institutional Animal Ethical Committee (IAEC) and the trial was registered in Clinical Trial Registry of India (CTRI/2017/05/008584). Hence the study is safely executed on patients and there was no adverse drug reactions noted during the study period. The toxicological evaluations were conducted as per WHO guidelines for safety evaluation of Kukkil Chooranam. In long term toxicity study, no signs of toxicity and mortality were observed throughout the study period up to the dose of 2000mg/kg body weight. Thus, the LD50 value of Kukkil Chooranam was found to be greater than 2000mg/kg body weight. In Long term toxicity study, there were no significant changes in behavioral signs, food intake, water intake, Lipid Profile, Renal parameters hematological parameters, and Hepatic parameters. The liver function test conducted at the end of the study, test groups (Low, Mid, High dose) revealed no significant changes in level of liver parameters, when compared with control group animals. In organs of Control group, no abnormality was detected. The normal histological structure present in test group of animals. Out of the 40 cases, 10 cases were treated in IPD and remaining 30 cases were treated in OPD of Ayothidoss Pandithar Hospital of National Institute of Siddha, Chennai-47. The detailed study on Naalavibatha pun with reference to its aetiology, pathogenesis, investigations, clinical features, diagnosis and treatment with trial drugs were done. The results were observed by VCSS score. Among the 40 cases treated, 62.5% cases had shown Good improvement, 20% cases had shown Moderate improvement and 17.5% had shown Mild improvement. CONCLUSION: The present clinical study confirms the efficacy of the trial drugs Kukkil chooranam (Internally) and Thuvara Ennai (Externally). It was found to be good resulting on Naalavibatha pun patients in reducing clinical symptoms like ulcer, itching, oozing, pain and oedema. The Short term and Long term toxicitystudiesdid not show any toxic effects in the animal. The quantitative outcome of VCSS score shows there is significant reduction between before and after treatment. The qualitative outcome shows there is 62.5% of cases had shown good improvement, 20% of cases had shown moderate improvement and remaining 17.5% of cases had shown mild improvement. The clinical trial conducted in selected patients was satisfactory and the results were encouraging. However a study with large number of patients is required to fine out the ideal dose response. The cost of the trail medicines are Low. These drugs are easily available and the dosage is also convenient. These drugs may be taken up for further exploratory randomised clinical trials to confirm the efficacy

Transition metal titanium (Ti) doped LaFeO3 nanoparticles for enhanced optical structural and magnetic properties

A series of LaFe1−xTixO3 (x = 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8) nanoparticles have been successfully synthesized by simple co-precipitation technique. The synthesized samples (calcined at 800° C/3hr) were characterised for structural, optical and magnetic properties. Structural phase formation of the crystal shows orthorhombic planes of these samples phases. The average crystallite size (Dc) is decreasing with a dopant and found to be varying between ∼ 9 and 25 nm. Tailored surface morphology was analyzed using scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopes (TEM) with selected area electron diffraction pattern (SAED) also confirms the evolution of orthorhombic phases. Diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS) are recorded to evaluate the variation of optical band gap (Eg) upon titanium doping into the LaFeO3 system. The obtained results attributed that Eg values are increasing with dopant altering between 2.05 and 2.61 eV. The metal oxide (M - O) stretching vibrations and few functional groups are detected from infrared spectra (IR). The weak ferromagnetic behaviour is observed from hysteresis loop behaviour. Additionally, the large hysteresis loop behaviour induces no saturation up to 15 kOe in nanoparticles coercivity (Hc) and anisotropy constants (K1) are eventually decreasing with ‘x’ values

Rhodobacter johrii sp. nov., an endospore-producing cryptic species isolated from semi-arid tropical soils

An oval to rod shaped phototrophic purple nonsulfur bacterium, strain JA192T was isolated from an enrichment culture of a pasteurized rhizosphere soil sample of jowar crop collected from Godumakunta village, near Hyderabad, India. Strain JA192T is Gram-negative, motile and produces endospores. Phylogenetic analysis on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the strain JA192T is closely related to Rhodobacter sphaeroides DSM 158T (99.9% sequence similarity), Rhodobacter megalophilus JA194T (99.8%) and Rhodobacter azotoformans JCM 9340T (98.1%) and clusters with other species of the genus Rhodobacter of the family Rhodobacteraceae. However, DNA-DNA hybridization with Rba. sphaeroides DSM 158T, Rba. megalophilus JA194T and Rba. azotoformans JCM 9320T showed a relatedness of only 38-57% with respect to JA192T. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization data, morphological, physiological and chemotaxanomic characters, strain JA192T represents a novel species of the genus Rhodobacter, for which the name Rhodobacter johrii sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is JA192T (= DSM 18678T = JCM 14543T = MTCC 8172T)

COST ANALYSIS OF EMERGENCY VISITS DUE TO DRUG RELATED PROBLEMS

Objective: To identify patients coming to Emergency Medicine Department (EMD) with drug related problems, classify the DRPs and calculate the direct cost spent for treating them. Methods: This was a prospective observational study conducted in emergency medicine department. The patients coming to EMD with DRPs were classified according to Cipolle’s classification and the direct medical and non-medical costs were calculated. Results: A total of around 107 patients identified with DRPs of which 99 patients were included in the study. In this study, 51% of the cases were due to ADR and 35% due to non-adherence and rest of the cases were due to overdose (10%), drug interaction (3%) and sub therapeutic dose (1%). Major portion for treatment was spent for direct medical cost in which cost for laboratory investigations have contributed the most, INR 10,93,992 (42%) followed by Health care professional cost INR 55,6814 (21%), Pharmacy cost INR 4,00,524.6 (15%), Admission cost INR 3,80,400 (15%). The direct non-medical cost includes cost for diet and travel which was found to be INR 1,68,443 and INR 71,947 respectively. Conclusion: The drug related problems adds a significant economic burden on the patients which can be reduced by imparting knowledge about the proper use of medicines and by improving collaborative efforts of the patients, physicians, pharmacists and caregivers