184 research outputs found
Presentation of B-cell lymphoma in childhood and adolescence: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Background: The diagnosis of B-cell lymphoma, one of the commonest cancers seen in childhood and adolescence, is challenging. There is a crucial need to identify and delineate the prevalence of associated symptoms in order to improve early diagnosis. Aims: To identify clinical presentations associated with childhood and adolescent B-cell lymphomas and estimate symptom prevalence. Methods: A systematic review of observational studies and meta-analysis of proportions was carried out. Medline and EMBASE were systematically searched, with no language restrictions, from inception to 1st August 2022. Observational studies with at least 10 participants, exploring clinical presentations of any childhood and adolescent lymphoma, were selected. Proportions from each study were inputted to determine the weighted average (pooled) proportion, through random-effects meta-analysis. Results: Studies reported on symptoms, signs and presentation sites at diagnosis of 12,207 children and adolescents up to the age of 20. Hodgkinâs lymphoma most frequently presented with adenopathy in the head-and-neck region (79% [95% CI 58%-91%]), whilst non-Hodgkinâs lymphoma presented abdominally (55% [95% CI 43%-68%]). Symptoms associated with lymphoma included cervical lymphadenopathy (48% [95% CI 20%-77%]), peripheral lymphadenopathy (51% [95% CI 37%-66%]), B-symptoms (40% [95% CI 34%-44%]), fever (43% [95% CI 34%-54%]), abdominal mass (46% [95% CI 29%-64%]), weight loss (53% [95% CI 39%-66%]), head-and-neck mass (21% [95% CI 6%-47%]), organomegaly (29% [95% CI 23%-37%]), night sweats (19% [95% CI 10%-32%]), abdominal pain (28% [95% CI 15%-47%]), bone pain (17% [95% CI 10%-28%]) and abnormal neurology (11% [95% CI 3%-28%]). Conclusion: This systematic review and meta-analysis of proportions provides insight into the heterogeneous clinical presentations of B-cell lymphoma in childhood and adolescence and provides estimates of symptom prevalence. This information is likely to increase public and clinical awareness of lymphoma presentations and aid earlier diagnosis. This review further highlights the lack of studies exploring childhood and adolescent lymphoma presentations in primary care, where patients are likely to present at the earliest stages of their disease
Safety outcomes following COVID-19 vaccination and infection in 5.1 million children in England
Author Correction: Safety outcomes following COVID-19 vaccination and infection in 5.1 million children in England
Risk of thrombocytopenia and thromboembolism after covid-19 vaccination and SARS-CoV-2 positive testing: self-controlled case series study.
ObjectiveTo assess the association between covid-19 vaccines and risk of thrombocytopenia and thromboembolic events in England among adults.DesignSelf-controlled case series study using national data on covid-19 vaccination and hospital admissions.SettingPatient level data were obtained for approximately 30 million people vaccinated in England between 1 December 2020 and 24 April 2021. Electronic health records were linked with death data from the Office for National Statistics, SARS-CoV-2 positive test data, and hospital admission data from the United Kingdom's health service (NHS).Participants29â121â633 people were vaccinated with first doses (19â608â008 with Oxford-AstraZeneca (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19) and 9â513â625 with Pfizer-BioNTech (BNT162b2 mRNA)) and 1â758â095 people had a positive SARS-CoV-2 test. People aged â„16 years who had first doses of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 or BNT162b2 mRNA vaccines and any outcome of interest were included in the study.Main outcome measuresThe primary outcomes were hospital admission or death associated with thrombocytopenia, venous thromboembolism, and arterial thromboembolism within 28 days of three exposures: first dose of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine; first dose of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine; and a SARS-CoV-2 positive test. Secondary outcomes were subsets of the primary outcomes: cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST), ischaemic stroke, myocardial infarction, and other rare arterial thrombotic events.ResultsThe study found increased risk of thrombocytopenia after ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination (incidence rate ratio 1.33, 95% confidence interval 1.19 to 1.47 at 8-14 days) and after a positive SARS-CoV-2 test (5.27, 4.34 to 6.40 at 8-14 days); increased risk of venous thromboembolism after ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination (1.10, 1.02 to 1.18 at 8-14 days) and after SARS-CoV-2 infection (13.86, 12.76 to 15.05 at 8-14 days); and increased risk of arterial thromboembolism after BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination (1.06, 1.01 to 1.10 at 15-21 days) and after SARS-CoV-2 infection (2.02, 1.82 to 2.24 at 15-21 days). Secondary analyses found increased risk of CVST after ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination (4.01, 2.08 to 7.71 at 8-14 days), after BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination (3.58, 1.39 to 9.27 at 15-21 days), and after a positive SARS-CoV-2 test; increased risk of ischaemic stroke after BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination (1.12, 1.04 to 1.20 at 15-21 days) and after a positive SARS-CoV-2 test; and increased risk of other rare arterial thrombotic events after ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination (1.21, 1.02 to 1.43 at 8-14 days) and after a positive SARS-CoV-2 test.ConclusionIncreased risks of haematological and vascular events that led to hospital admission or death were observed for short time intervals after first doses of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and BNT162b2 mRNA vaccines. The risks of most of these events were substantially higher and more prolonged after SARS-CoV-2 infection than after vaccination in the same population
Evaluation of enzymatic extract with lipase activity of yarrowia lipolytica. an application of data mining for the food industry wastewater treatment
The object of this research was to obtain the Crude Enzymatic Extract (CEE) of Yarrowia lipolytica ATCC 9773, in the medium of 30% Water of Sales (SW) applying a biologically treatment to three different concentrations yeast inoculum food wastewater, collected from cheese and whey production. It was evaluated the behavior of the inoculum in a suitable medium that stimulates lipids biodegradation. The standard liquid-liquid partition method SM 5520 B was used to quantify fat and oil removal for each concentration of yeast, before treatment and post treatment. The Industrial Fat effluent was characterized by physical chemical patterns, and two treatments were evaluated; Treatment 1 consisted of pH 5.0 and treatment 2 with a pH of 6.5, both with the following characteristics; Concentration of inoculum 8% 12% and 16% at 27à °C temperature and evaluation time 32à h. The best results (2.702à mg/L fat and 83% degradation oil) were found to be pH 5.0, 16% concentration and 27à °C, BOD5, and COD decreased by 43.07% and 44.35%, respectively during the 32à h; For pH 6.5, 8% concentration at 32à h and at room temperature, degraded 2.177à mg/L fat and oil (67% degradation); The BOD5, and COD decreased by 37.93% and 39.19%, in the same time span. The treatment at pH 5.0 inoculum concentration of 16% was effective in removing 83% of the volume of fats and oil in the effluent, representing a useful tool for the wastewater treatment
spot 003 thymidylate synthase maintains the undifferentiated state of aggressive breast cancers
Introduction De-differentiation is a highly lethal feature of aggressive breast cancers (BC), and is achieved through the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the cancer stem cell (CSC) programs. Targeting the mechanisms controlling BC de-differentiation can lead to more effective therapeutics. Recent studies indicated that nucleotide metabolism can regulate cancer stemness and EMT. Here we investigated the expression of the nucleotide metabolism enzyme and drug target thymidylate synthase (TS) in the BC subtypes and analysed its impact on BC de-differentiation. Material and methods Cells with TS knockdown and overexpression were tested in vitro and in vivo. Proteins were analysed by western blot, FACS and ELISA. Differential gene expression in TS-deficient cells was determined by RNA-seq. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to stain samples from patients with different BC subtypes. Results and discussions TS mRNA expression was found to be significantly differentially expressed among the BC subtypes, exhibiting the highest levels in aggressive triple-negative BC (TNBC). shRNA-mediated TS knockdown in TNBC cell lines (n=3) increased the population of differentiated cells (CD24high) and strongly attenuated the stem-like phenotype, like the formation of mammospheres from single cells and the migration in a cell culture wound. TS-deficient cells also showed an altered ability to form metastasis in vivo, consistent with previous observations in EMT-repressed BC cells. A rescue experiment performed by overexpressing either a wild-type or catalytically inactive TS indicated that the enzymatic activity was essential for the maintenance of the BCSC phenotype. Along with a strong repression of EMT-signature genes, RNA-seq profiling indicated a reduction of inflammatory and NF-ÎșB signalling pathways in TS deficient cells, which dramatically reduced IL-1ÎČ production and secretion. A TS-specific gene signature was generated, which significantly associated with worst survival in BC patients. IHC staining on FFPE samples from a series of BC patients (n=120) confirmed higher TS expression in tumours that were poorly differentiated and in TNBC. Conclusion We discovered a novel role for the TS enzyme in the maintenance of a de-differentiated and stem-like state of BC. These findings may not only open the possibility to study in-depth the role of nucleotide metabolism at the crossroad between proliferation and differentiation, but may provide the rationale for novel drug combinations with TS-inhibiting agents for the treatment of BC
Neurological complications after first dose of COVID-19 vaccines and SARS-CoV-2 infection
Emerging reports of rare neurological complications associated with COVID-19 infection and vaccinations are leading to regulatory, clinical and public health concerns. We undertook a self-controlled case series study to investigate hospital admissions from neurological complications in the 28âdays after a first dose of ChAdOx1nCoV-19 (nâ=â20,417,752) or BNT162b2 (nâ=â12,134,782), and after a SARS-CoV-2-positive test (nâ=â2,005,280). There was an increased risk of GuillainâBarrĂ© syndrome (incidence rate ratio (IRR), 2.90; 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.15â3.92 at 15â21âdays after vaccination) and Bellâs palsy (IRR, 1.29; 95% CI: 1.08â1.56 at 15â21âdays) with ChAdOx1nCoV-19. There was an increased risk of hemorrhagic stroke (IRR, 1.38; 95% CI: 1.12â1.71 at 15â21âdays) with BNT162b2. An independent Scottish cohort provided further support for the association between ChAdOx1nCoV and GuillainâBarrĂ© syndrome (IRR, 2.32; 95% CI: 1.08â5.02 at 1â28âdays). There was a substantially higher risk of all neurological outcomes in the 28âdays after a positive SARS-CoV-2 test including GuillainâBarrĂ© syndrome (IRR, 5.25; 95% CI: 3.00â9.18). Overall, we estimated 38 excess cases of GuillainâBarrĂ© syndrome per 10âmillion people receiving ChAdOx1nCoV-19 and 145 excess cases per 10âmillion people after a positive SARS-CoV-2 test. In summary, although we find an increased risk of neurological complications in those who received COVID-19 vaccines, the risk of these complications is greater following a positive SARS-CoV-2 test
Budd-Chiari syndrome in a 25-year-old woman with Behçet's disease: a case report and review of the literature
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>The risk that patients with Behçet's disease will develop thrombotic complications has been previously described. Although it is distributed worldwide, Behçet's disease is rare in the Americas and Europe. Even though the pathogenic mechanisms of vascular complications of Budd-Chiari syndrome in patients with Behçet's disease are unknown, severe vascular complications of Budd-Chiari syndrome associated with Behçet's disease seem to affect mainly young men.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>We report a case of Budd-Chiari syndrome, a severe vascular complication that developed in a 25-year-old Afro-Brazilian woman with Behçet's disease.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Severe vascular complications of Budd-Chiari syndrome in patients with Behçet's disease are much more common in young adult male patients; we present a rare case of Budd-Chiari syndrome in a young Afro-Brazilian woman with Behçet's disease.</p
Effects of CFRP retrofit on impact response of shear-deficient scaled reinforced concrete beams
Author Correction: Safety outcomes following COVID-19 vaccination and infection in 5.1 million children in England
Correction to: Nature Communicationshttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-47745-z, published online 27 May 2024 The original version of this article contained information on vaccine dose amount (full or half) in Table 2 and Supplementary Table 1. This has subsequently been found to be inaccurate due to inconsistent coding in the raw data. The vaccine dose amount has therefore been removed from Table 2 and Supplementary Table 1. This data was not used elsewhere in the analysis. An additional line has been added to the introduction to summarise vaccine doses that were given to the population: âThose aged 12 years and above were given a full dose of BNT162b2 vaccine (30 micrograms), and children aged 5â11 years were given a dose of 10 micrograms of BNT162b2 vaccine.â These changes have been made in the PDF and HTML versions of the article
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