Dumagat tribes and tourism industry engagement in promoting cultural integrity

Dumagats live in a remote mountainous region on the northern island of Luzon. Indigenous peoples' reliance on local resources decreases as a result of tourism, which increases their reliance on a globalized economy. Respecting and upholding the ownership of objects, customs, and knowledge that are unique to a specific culture or community is known as practicing cultural integrity. The Dumagat and Alta have a close relationship with nature; they continue to live according to their customs and engage in traditional activities including farming, fishing, and hunting. “Subkal’n- is’suwi” that they inherit from their ancestors. Local and indigenous knowledge refers to the understandings, skills, and philosophies developed by societies with long histories of interaction with their natural surroundings. The researchers recommend that the government provide the dumagats livelihood so they can engage in their community like, pig raising, poultry, and crop farming; assimilate traditions in their daily life; Education can boost the self-esteem of the tribe members and change their perspective. Tribal leaders should encourage young tribe members to attend school in order to preserve the cultural integrity of the tribe. Tribe members learn the value of themselves. People ought to leave their comfort zones and look for chances outside of the mountains. The researchers' proposed answer will be to make the best possible use of these promotional variables in order to secure and ensure the preservation of the cultural integrity of the dumagat tribes, which the tribe and the government believe important to promote

Eyespot resistance gene Pch-1 in H-93 wheat lines. Evidence of linkage to markers of chromosome group 7 and resolution from the endopeptídase locus Ep-Dlb

Gene Pch1, which confers resistance to eyespot disease (Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides Fron), has been located on chromosome 7D in the H-93 wheat-Aegilops ventricosa transfer lines using isozyme markers and DNA probes corresponding to group 7 chromosomes. Previous experiments had failed to ascertain this location. The lack of segregation of the resistance trait in progeny from reciprocal crosses between lines H-93-70 and VPM1 indicates that their respective resistance factors are allelic. Line H-93-51 carries the endopeptidase allele Ep-D1b but is susceptible to eyespot, which indicates that resistance to eyespot is not a product of the Ep-D locus, as had been proposed in a previous hypohesi

Cloning of cDNA and chromosomal location of genes encoding the three types of subunits of the wheat tetrameric inhibitor of insect a-amylase

We have characterized three cDNA clones corresponding to proteins CM1, CM3 and CM16, which represent the three types of subunits of the wheat tetrameric inhibitor of insect -amylases. The deduced amino acid sequences of the mature polypeptides are homologous to those of the dimeric and monomeric -amylase inhibitors and of the trypsin inhibitors. The mature polypeptides are preceded by typical signal peptides. Southern blot analysis of appropriate aneuploids, using the cloned cDNAs as probes, has revealed the location of genes for subunits of the CM3 and of the CM16 type within a few kb of each other in chromosomes 4A, 4B and 4D, and those for the CM1 type of subunit in chromosomes 7A, 7B and 7D. Known subunits of the tetrameric inhibitor corresponding to genes from the B and D genomes have been previously characterized. No proteins of this class have been found to be encoded by the A genome in hexaploid wheat (genomes AA, BB, DD) or in diploid wheats (AA) and no anti -amylase activity has been detected in the latter, so that the A-genome genes must be either silent (pseudogenes) or expressed at a much lower level

Two cold inducible genes encoding lipid transfer protein LTP4 from barley show differential responses to bacterial pathogens

The barley genesHvLtp4.2 andHvLtp4.3 both encode the lipid transfer protein LTP4 and are less than 1 kb apart in tail-to-tail orientation. They differ in their non-coding regions from each other and from the gene corresponding to a previously reportedLtp4 cDNA (nowLtp4.1). Southern blot analysis indicated the existence of three or moreLtp4 genes per haploid genome and showed considerable polymorphism among barley cultivars. We have investigated the transient expression of genesHvLtp4.2 andHvLtp4.3 following transformation by particle bombardment, using promoter fusions to the-glucuronidase reporter sequence. In leaves, activities of the two promoters were of the same order as those of the sucrose synthase (Ss1) and cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoters used as controls. Their expression patterns were similar, except thatLtp4.2 was more active thanLtp4.3 in endosperm, andLtp4.3 was active in roots, whileLtp4.2 was not. The promoters of both genes were induced by low temperature, both in winter and spring barley cultivars. Northern blot analysis, using theLtp4-specific probe, indicated thatXanthomonas campestris pv.translucens induced an increase over basal levels ofLtp4 mRNA, whilePseudomonas syringae pv.japonica caused a decrease. TheLtp4.3-Gus promoter fusion also responded in opposite ways to these two compatible bacterial pathogens, whereas theLtp4.2-Gus construction did not respond to infectio

cDNA cloning and nucleotide sequences of alpha 1 and alpha 2 thionins from hexaploid wheat endosperm.

Thionins are homologous ‘ys-nch proteins Of about kD that have been isolated from different tissues in a wide range Table 1. Characteristics ofcDNAs encoding a, and az thionins from hexaplo;d ,,,heat of plant taxa and are active against plant pathogens both in vitro and in vivo (Fernindez de Caleya et al., 1972; Garcia- Olmedo et al., 1992; Carmona et al., 1993). The available amino acid sequences (either directly determined or deduced from cDNAs) have been classified into five well-defined Organism: Loci Products: Relevant Feature of the Products: Triticum aestivum L. cv Chinese Spring. Pur-57, a, thionin; Pur-DI, a2 thionin. structural types. Two of these types, I and V, are present in wheat endosperm (Castagnaro et al., 1992; Garcia-Olmedo et al., 1992). Type I corresponds to those thionins included in the original purothionin mixture obtained from wheat flour by Balls and co-workers (Balls et al., 1942). This mixture was resolved through CM-cellulose chromatography into two components, a and /3 purothionins (Redman and Fisher, 1968). The presence of structural genes for the a purothionin fraction in the long arms of chromosomes 1B and 1D of hexaploid wheat and for the /3 component in the long arm of chromosome 1A was subsequently demonstrated (Fernindez de Caleya et al., 1976). The a purothionin fraction was later resolved by ion-exchange chromatography into two compo- nents, a1 and az, whose amino acid sequences differ in six positions (Jones and Mak, 1977) and whose genes are respec- tively located on chromosomes 1B and 1D (Fernandez de Caleya et al., 1976)