Evaluation of drug administration errors in a teaching hospital

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Medication errors can occur at any of the three steps of the medication use process: prescribing, dispensing and administration. We aimed to determine the incidence, type and clinical importance of drug administration errors and to identify risk factors.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Prospective study based on disguised observation technique in four wards in a teaching hospital in Paris, France (800 beds). A pharmacist accompanied nurses and witnessed the preparation and administration of drugs to all patients during the three drug rounds on each of six days per ward. Main outcomes were number, type and clinical importance of errors and associated risk factors. Drug administration error rate was calculated with and without wrong time errors. Relationship between the occurrence of errors and potential risk factors were investigated using logistic regression models with random effects.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Twenty-eight nurses caring for 108 patients were observed. Among 1501 opportunities for error, 415 administrations (430 errors) with one or more errors were detected (27.6%). There were 312 wrong time errors, ten simultaneously with another type of error, resulting in an error rate without wrong time error of 7.5% (113/1501). The most frequently administered drugs were the cardiovascular drugs (425/1501, 28.3%). The highest risks of error in a drug administration were for dermatological drugs. No potentially life-threatening errors were witnessed and 6% of errors were classified as having a serious or significant impact on patients (mainly omission). In multivariate analysis, the occurrence of errors was associated with drug administration route, drug classification (ATC) and the number of patient under the nurse's care.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Medication administration errors are frequent. The identification of its determinants helps to undertake designed interventions.</p

Controlled Radical Polymerization of Vinyl Acetate Mediated by a Bis(imino)pyridine Vanadium Complex

Source type: Prin

Modeling of uniaxial compression of fiber reinforcements using finite strains

International audienceLiquid Composite Molding (LCM) processes are increasingly used to produce composite parts. Most of those processes involve compression of the fiber reinforcement and resin flow. In order to accurately model LCM processes, a good knowledge of fiber reinforcement behavior in compression is required. Several models have already been published, but none of them include permanent deformations. Also because of the large deformation involved in the processes, a finite strain formulation is proposed. Results are given for a glass twill‐weave fabric

Chiral a-Aminoorganostannanes : Precursors of a-Aminoorganolithiums

Communication par affiche intitulée (présentée par V. Coeffard) : Chiral a-Aminoorganostannanes : Precursors of a-Aminoorganolithium

Biodiesel production from palm oil using sulfonated graphene catalyst

International audienceIn this study we report on sulfonated graphene, obtained by chemical exfoliation of inexpensive graphite and functionalization of the resulting graphene sheets with benzene sulfonic acid, as a new active catalyst for the transesterification of palm oil with methanol into biodiesel. The experimental conditions for obtaining fatty acid methyl esters were carefully optimized through the evaluation of several parameters including the catalyst loading, temperature, reaction time and methanol-to-oil molar ratio. Of particular relevance, we noticed that an excess of methanol was required to allow high transesterification yield, but an excessive dilution proved to be deleterious for the reaction yield due to lower interactions between the reactants and the catalyst. The heterogeneous catalyst showed a high thermal robustness and was successfully recycled without significant erosion of the reaction yield. Our catalytic system yields biodiesel with a high purity (>98%) after a single filtration and do not produce aqueous waste. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Robust water diffusion modeling in a structural polymer joint based on experimental X-ray tomographic data at the micrometer scale

Structural bonding is a technique increasingly used in the industrial field. For applications in aggressive environments such as seawater, predicting the effect of moisture on the mechanical behavior of bonded assemblies is of paramount importance. The objective of this work is to analyze water diffusion in an epoxy adhesive material and, more specifically, to propose a robust method for choosing the most appropriate diffusion model. Experimental studies of the water absorption in a two-component epoxy structural adhesive, using gravimetry and X-ray tomography, were first performed. The presence of a population of pore-type defects in the polymeric joint helped to characterize the evolution of water diffusion kinetics. Thus, two diffusion mechanisms were identified: a first one related to the migration of water molecules within the adhesive matrix, and a second one related to the penetration of water into the pores. Then, Dual-Fick and Langmuir models were retained, as the two diffusion models most likely to capture the above mechanisms. Although it was shown that both models could give similar results in terms of global diffusion behavior, the results arising from these two models differ at the local scale, especially for extended periods of time. Therefore, special attention was paid to the second absorption mechanism, and a comparison of waterfronts between theoretical predictions and experimental tomographic data was achieved, leading to the final choice of a Dual-Fick diffusion model

Understanding of water uptake mechanisms in an epoxy joint characterized by pore-type defects

International audienceUnderstanding of water uptake mechanisms in an epoxy joint characterized by pore-type defects This work aims to characterize the water uptake mechanisms of a two-component epoxy adhesive joint immersed in deionized water. The pore-type defects in the bulk adhesive after the cure cycle are highlighted and characterized using X-ray µ-tomography. Two population patterns of defects are generated and analyzed, for two different thicknesses. The waterfront is not detectable by µ-tomography for this adhesive because the densities of the water and the adhesive remain relatively close to each other. Instead, the volume variation and kinetics of pore water filling have been accurately identified. This analysis was completed by optical observations and gravimetric measurements

Graphene-catalyzed transacetalization under acid-free conditions

International audience1,2- and 1,3-Diols are readily protected as cyclic acetals and ketals through a graphene-catalyzed transacetalization process. The methodology features an atom economic procedure since quasi-stoichiometric conditions have been developed. Unlike prior systems, the graphene-catalyzed transacetalization is performed under Bronsted and Lewis acid-free conditions and without solvent. Our method has been applied to several volatile compounds that are unsuitable for complex work-up and extensive purification steps. The very unusual catalytic properties of graphene for transacetalization reactions are ascribed to molecular charge transfer between graphene and substrates. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Cellulose paper grafted with polyamines as powerful adsorbent for heavy metals

International audienceThe preparation of new adsorbents for heavy metals consisting of cellulose paper grafted with polyamine moieties is described. The tosylation of pristine cellulose paper allowed the subsequent displacement of the tosylated leaving groups with either ethylenediamine or spermine provided the corresponding cellulose-based polyaminated adsorbents Cell-Ed and Cell-Sperm, respectively. Optimizations related to the influence of experimental conditions (time and pH) on the adsorption processes associated to detailed studies devoted to the understanding of the mechanism of adsorption through kinetic experiments and isotherm modeling provided a rational understanding for the removal Cu(II) and Pb(II). Interestingly, Cell-Sperm also displayed outstanding adsorption properties for other metal cations such as Cd(II), Zn(II) and Fe(II). [GRAPHICS]