Организация работ по локализации и ликвидации аварийного разлива нефти и нефтепродуктов на водной поверхности

Объектом исследования являются методы локализации и ликвидации разливов нефти на водной поверхности. Цель работы – провести анализ существующих методов и тактических мероприятий по локализации и ликвидации разливов нефти на водной поверхности. В процессе исследования проводился анализ имеющихся данных, на основе которых были выделение наиболее эффективные методы локализации и ликвидации разливов нефти на водной поверхности. Проведен расчет объема вытекшей нефти и количества сорбента, требуемого для ликвидации разлива. В результате исследования было выявлено, что наиболее эффективным способом локализации разливов на водной поверхности являются боны с различными механизмами их установки, а наиболее эффективными методами ликвидации – использование скиммеров и сорбентов.Объектом исследования являются методы локализации и ликвидации разливов нефти на водной поверхности. Цель работы – провести анализ существующих методов и тактических мероприятий по локализации и ликвидации разливов нефти на водной поверхности. В процессе исследования проводился анализ имеющихся данных, на основе которых были выделение наиболее эффективные методы локализации и ликвидации разливов нефти на водной поверхности. Проведен расчет объема вытекшей нефти и количества сорбента, требуемого для ликвидации разлива. В результате исследования было выявлено, что наиболее эффективным способом локализации разливов на водной поверхности являются боны с различными механизмами их установки, а наиболее эффективными методами ликвидации – использование скиммеров и сорбентов

Local erythropoietin and endothelial progenitor cells improve regional cardiac function in acute myocardial infarction

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Expanded endothelial progenitor cells (eEPC) improve global left ventricular function in experimental myocardial infarction (MI). Erythropoietin beta (EPO) applied together with eEPC may improve regional myocardial function even further by anti-apoptotic and cardioprotective effects. Aim of this study was to evaluate intramyocardial application of eEPCs and EPO as compared to eEPCs or EPO alone in experimental MI.</p> <p>Methods and Results</p> <p>In vitro experiments revealed that EPO dosed-dependently decreased eEPC and leukocyte apoptosis. Moreover, in the presence of EPO mRNA expression in eEPC of proangiogenic and proinflammatory mediators measured by TaqMan PCR was enhanced. Experimental MI was induced by ligation and reperfusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery of nude rats (n = 8-9). After myocardial transplantation of eEPC and EPO CD68+ leukocyte count and vessel density were enhanced in the border zone of the infarct area. Moreover, apoptosis of transplanted CD31 + TUNEL + eEPC was decreased as compared to transplantation of eEPCs alone. Regional wall motion of the left ventricle was measured using Magnetic Resonance Imaging. After injection of eEPC in the presence of EPO regional wall motion significantly improved as compared to injection of eEPCs or EPO alone.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Intramyocardial transplantation of eEPC in the presence of EPO during experimental MI improves regional wall motion. This was associated with an increased local inflammation, vasculogenesis and survival of the transplanted cells. Local application of EPO in addition to cell therapy may prove beneficial in myocardial remodeling.</p

Cell Origin of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Determines a Different Healing Performance in Cardiac Regeneration

The possible different therapeutic efficacy of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) derived from umbilical cord blood (CB), adipose tissue (AT) or bone marrow (BM) for the treatment of myocardial infarction (MI) remains unexplored. This study was to assess the regenerative potential of hMSC from different origins and to evaluate the role of CD105 in cardiac regeneration. Male SCID mice underwent LAD-ligation and received the respective cell type (400.000/per animal) intramyocardially. Six weeks post infarction, cardiac catheterization showed significant preservation of left ventricular functions in BM and CD105+-CB treated groups compared to CB and nontreated MI group (MI-C). Cell survival analyzed by quantitative real time PCR for human GAPDH and capillary density measured by immunostaining showed consistent results. Furthermore, cardiac remodeling can be significantly attenuated by BM-hMSC compared to MI-C. Under hypoxic conditions in vitro, remarkably increased extracellular acidification and apoptosis has been detected from CB-hMSC compared to BM and CD105 purified CB-derived hMSC. Our findings suggests that hMSC originating from different sources showed a different healing performance in cardiac regeneration and CD105+ hMSC exhibited a favorable survival pattern in infarcted hearts, which translates into a more robust preservation of cardiac function

Regenerative Therapien für Kinderherzen

Nowadays surgical treatment of congenital heart disease can be performed with excellent outcome. However, chronic postoperative cardiac overload cannot always be obviated especially with more complex anomalies. Therefore, regenerative therapeutic concepts may offer promising options for complementary management of congenital heart disease. In this study umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells and erythropoietin were employed in two different models for volume and pressure overload of the right ventricle, respectively. Enhancement of myocardial capillary density seems to be the most significant effect of the intramyocardial application of umbilical cord mononuclear cells for a significant improvement of diastolic properties of the right ventricle after 3 months chronic volume overload. Erythropoietin, which was administered via an intramyocardial and systemic route, has positive effects by enhancing capillary density, limiting fibrosis and augmenting proliferation activit y of the myocardium. In addition lower apoptosis and inflammation could be observed at the level of myocardial protein expression. Hence, the elasticity of the chronically pressure overloaded ventricle was superior with erythropoietin treatment than in the control group 3 months postoperatively. These data support the potential of regenerative therapies in the complementary therapy of congenital heart disease

Does the administration of the dose of perfluorocarbon when starting partial liquid ventilation affect haemodynamics and cerebral blood flow?

Background and aims: The disaster at the Nuclear Power Plant in Chernobyl in April 1986 resulted in the exposure of a large number of people to ionizing radiation that varied substantially, creating a new situation for epidemiology. We aim to demonstrate lasting genetic or reproductive detrimental health effects after Chernobyl in moderately and highly affected European countries. &nbsp; Methods: Time trend analyses and spatial-temporal analyses based on logistic regression.&nbsp; &nbsp; Results: Long-term dose dependent impacts of radioactive fallout after Chernobyl on stillbirths, birth defects, and the human sex ratio at birth have been found. For example, from nearly all published data concerning Down&rsquo;s syndrome, long term increases after Chernobyl may be seen. Significant ecological relative risks for stillbirths and birth defects are in the range of 1.005 to 1.020 per kBq/m2 137Cs. A relative risk coefficient of 1.010 per kBq/m2 137Cs translates to a preliminary relative risk coefficient of 1.60 per mSv/a. German district by district data imply a sex odds ratio of 1.015 per mSv/a. Furthermore, there are striking jumps in the sex ratio in 1987 in several central and eastern European countries. &nbsp; Conclusion: The effects of ionizing radiation at doses below 10 mSv are little understood. Recent epidemiologic evidence suggests that there is harm at doses below 1 mSv or that the established dose concept is invalid