7,932 research outputs found
The European Space Agency {\Gaia} mission: exploring the Galaxy
The {\Gaia} astrometric mission was approved by the European Space Agency in
2000 and the construction of the spacecraft and payload is on-going for a
launch in late 2012. {\Gaia} will continuously scan the entire sky for 5 years,
yielding positional and velocity measurements with the accuracies needed to
produce a stereoscopic and kinematic census of about one billion stars
throughout our Galaxy and beyond. The main scientific goal is to quantify early
formation and the subsequent dynamic and chemical evolution of the Milky way.
The stellar survey will have a completeness to mag, with a precision
of about 25 as at 15 mag. The astrometric information will be combined
with astrophysical data acquired through on-board spectrophotometry and
spectroscopy, allowing the chemical composition and age of the stars to be
derived. Data acquired and processed as a result of the {\Gaia} mission are
estimated to amount to about 1 petabyte. One of the challenging problems is the
close relationship between astrometric and astrophysical data, which involves a
global iterative solution that updates instruments parameters, the attitude of
the satellite, and the properties of the observed objects. The European
community is organized to deal with {\Gaia} products: (a) the Data Processing
and Analysis Consortium is a joint European effort in charge of preparation and
execution of data processing, (b) the GREAT network is a platform for
collaboration on the preparation of scientific exploitation.Comment: 5 pages, 6 figures, conference "Astronomy with Megastructures. Joint
science with E-ELT and SKA" held 10 -14 May 2010, Crete, Greec
Blended Cognition
The central concept of this edited volume is "blended cognition", the natural skill of human beings for combining constantly different heuristics during their several task-solving activities. Something that was sometimes observed like a problem as âbad reasoningâ, is now the central key for the understanding of the richness, adaptability and creativity of human cognition. The topic of this book connects in a significant way with the disciplines of psychology, neurology, anthropology, philosophy, logics, engineering, logics, and AI. In a nutshell: understanding better humans for designing better machines. It contains a Preface by the editors and 12 chapters
Crowd synchrony and quorum sensing in delay-coupled lasers
Crowd synchrony and quorum sensing arise when a large number of dynamical
elements communicate with each other via a common information pool. Previous
evidence in different fields, including chemistry, biology and civil
engineering, has shown that this type of coupling leads to synchronization,
when coupling is instantaneous and the number of coupled elements is large
enough. Here we consider a situation in which the transmission of information
between the system components and the coupling pool is not instantaneous. To
that end, we model a system of semiconductor lasers optically coupled to a
central laser with a delay. Our results show that, even though the lasers are
non-identical due to their distinct optical frequencies, zero-lag
synchronization arises. By changing a system parameter, we can switch between
two different types of synchronization transition. The dependence of the
transition with respect to the delay-coupling parameters is studied.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
Small-world behavior in a system of mobile elements
We analyze the propagation of activity in a system of mobile automata. A
number r L^d of elements move as random walkers on a lattice of dimension d,
while with a small probability p they can jump to any empty site in the system.
We show that this system behaves as a Dynamic Small-World (DSW) and present
analytic and numerical results for several quantities. Our analysis shows that
the persistence time T* (equivalent to the persistence size L* of small-world
networks) scales as T* ~ (r p)^(-t), with t = 1/(d+1).Comment: To appear in Europhysics Letter
Updated global fit to three neutrino mixing: status of the hints of theta13 > 0
We present an up-to-date global analysis of solar, atmospheric, reactor and
accelerator neutrino data in the framework of three-neutrino oscillations. We
discuss in detail the statistical significance of the observed "hint" of
non-zero theta13 in the solar sector at the light of the latest experimental
advances, such as the Borexino spectral data, the lower value of Gallium rate
recently measured in SAGE, and the low energy threshold analysis of the
combined SNO phase I and phase II. We also study the robustness of the results
under changes of the inputs such as the choice of solar model fluxes and a
possible modification of the Gallium capture cross-section as proposed by SAGE.
In the atmospheric sector we focus on the latest results for nu_e appearance
from MINOS and on the recent Super-Kamiokande results from the combined phases
I, II and III, and we discuss their impact on the determination of theta13.
Finally, we combine all the data into a global analysis and determine the
presently allowed ranges of masses and mixing.Comment: 20 pages, 9 figures. Acknowledgments correcte
Robust Cosmological Bounds on Neutrinos and their Combination with Oscillation Results
We perform a global analysis of cosmological observables in generalized
cosmologies which depart from CDM models by allowing non-vanishing
curvature , dark energy with equation of state with , the presence of additional relativistic degrees of freedom , and neutrino masses . By combining the data from
cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiments (in particular the latest results
from WMAP-7), the present day Hubble constant (H0) measurement, the
high-redshift Type-I supernovae (SN) results and the information from large
scale structure (LSS) surveys, we determine the parameters in the
10-dimensional parameter space for such models. We present the results from the
analysis when the full shape information from the LSS matter power spectrum
(LSSPS) is included versus when only the corresponding distance measurement
from the baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) is accounted for. We compare the
bounds on the neutrino mass scale in these generalized scenarios with those
obtained for the 6+1 parameter analysis in models and
we also study the dependence of those on the set of observables included in the
analysis. Finally we combine these results with the information on neutrino
mass differences and mixing from the global analysis of neutrino oscillation
experiments and derive the presently allowed ranges for the two laboratory
probes of the absolute scale of neutrino mass: the effective electron neutrino
mass in single beta decay and the effective Majorana neutrino mass in
neutrinoless decay.Comment: 19 pages, 4 figures. Acknowledgments correcte
Applications of Cognitive Radio Networks
The term cognitive radio (CR), originally coined in the late 1990s, envisaged a radio that is aware of its operational environment so that it can dynamically and autonomously adjust its radio-operating parameters to accordingly adapt to the different situations. Cognition is achieved through the so-called cognitive cycle, consisting of the observation of the environment, the orientation and planning that leads to making appropriate decisions in accordance with specific operation goals, and finally, the execution of these decisions (e.g., access to the appropriate channel). Decisions can be reinforced by learning procedures based on the past observations and the corresponding results of prior actuations
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