The international growth of emerging market firms : evidence from a natural experiment

The recent international growth of some firms from emerging markets has attracted the attention of academics and managers alike. How do such emerging market firms achieve growth in international markets despite lacking foreign market knowledge and international competitiveness, and despite facing weak institutions in their home countries? The authors address this question by proposing a new concept—global market capital, the set of assets that prepare emerging market firms to compete globally. Global market capital consists of three elements: leadership capital (at the individual level), foreign marketing and financial capital (at the firm level), and network capital (at the inter-firm level). The authors argue that, taken together, these elements enable emerging market firms to overcome their weaknesses in foreign market knowledge, international competitiveness and home institutions. In particular, the authors highlight the prominent role that leadership capital, specifically CEOs’ foreign market experience, plays in helping emerging market firms grow internationally. The authors test their thesis using uniquely compiled data on Indian firms from the Bombay Stock Exchange 500 index. The Indian context helps to set up a natural experiment in which the independent variables of interest are measured prior to a major sudden and unanticipated regulatory shift in India’s outward investment policy and the dependent variable (international growth) is measured after this policy shift. Results from the paper highlight the crucial role of leadership capital in driving international growth both directly and through its synergistic interaction with the other elements of global market capital

LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE REGARDING HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS/ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME AND PEOPLE LIVING WITH HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS AMONG HEALTH-CARE STUDENTS OF SELECTED COLLEGES IN CHENNAI

Objective:  The  aim  of  the  study  was  to  assess  the  level  of  knowledge  among  health-care  students  (HCS)  toward  human  immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) and people living with HIV (PLHIV) in dental and nursing colleges at Chennai.Methods: A quantitative approach and descriptive research design were adopted for the present study. HIV knowledge questionnaire-45 was used to assess the level of knowledge regarding HIV and PLHIV. Nonprobability convenient sampling technique was used for the selection of samples.Results: The collected data were analyzed using SPSS. Among 600 HCS, 274 (46%) had inadequate knowledge, 191 (32%) had moderately adequate knowledge, and about 135 (23%) students had adequate knowledge. The mean knowledge score was 10.94.Conclusion: HCS are in need of intense teaching program with various teaching methods which help to enhance their knowledge level and to eliminate the fear and stigma about handling of PLHIV.Keywords: The health-care students, Level of knowledge, Human immunodeficiency virus/Acquired immune deficiency syndrome, People living with human immunodeficiency virus

Scientometrics of cereal crops research in India as reflected through Indian Science Abstracts and CAB Abstracts during 1965-2010

The paper analyses publication output of India on cereal crops as reflected by its coverage in Indian Science Abstracts (ISA) and CAB Abstracts during 1965-2010.The analysis indicates that highest number of papers (43.80%) was published on rice, followed by wheat (24.28%). Agricultural universities and institutions under aegis of Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) were most productive. Most of the papers were published in Indian journals with low impact factor. The highest number of papers was published in Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, followed by Indian Journal of Agronomy, Madras Agricultural Journaland Journal of Maharashtra Agricultural University. Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi,Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatoreand Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhianacontributed about 7% of papers each. The major research was focused on ‘genetic and plant breeding’ (28.2%) followed by ‘agronomic aspects’ (27.9%) and pest, diseases and pest control (19.7%). The authorship pattern reveals that co-authored papers accounted for 90% of total output. Citation analysis of the study using Google scholar reveals that 57% of the papers remained uncited and 36.8% papersreceived citations ranging from 1 to 10.Highest number of citations were received by papers published in Indian Journal of Agronomy(1446), followed by Indian Journal of Agricultural Science (1211), Euphytica (1109) and Theoretical and Applied Genetics (1000

The Hymenoptera Genome Database

The Hymenoptera Genome Database (HGD) is an informatics resource supporting genomics of hymenopteran insect species. This relational database implements open-source software and components providing access to curated data contributed by an extensive, active research community. HGD includes the genome sequences and annotation data of honey bee _Apis mellifera_ and its pathogens ("http://BeeBase.org":BeeBase.org) the parasitoid wasp _Nasonia vitripennis_ ("http://NasoniaBase.org":NasoniaBase.org) and a portal to the genomes of six species of ants. Together, these species cover approximately 200 MY in the phylogeny of Hymenoptera, allowing to leverage genetic, genome sequence, and gene expression data, as well as the biological knowledge of related model organisms. The availability of resources across an order greatly facilitates comparative genomics and enhances our understanding of the biology of agriculturally important Hymenoptera species through genomics. HGD has supported research contributions from an extensive community from almost 80 institutions in 14 countries. Community annotation efforts are made possible thanks to a remote connection to a Chado database by Apollo Genome Annotation client software. Curated data at HGD includes predicted and annotated gene sets supported with evidence tracks such as ESTs/cDNAs, small RNA sequences and GC composition domains. Data at HGD can be queried using genome browsers and / or BLAST/PSI-BLAST servers, and it may also be downloaded to perform local searches. We encourage the public to access and contribute data to HGD at "http://HymenopteraGenome.org":HymenopteraGenome.org.

This poster contains material included in an article accepted for publication in Nucl. Acids Res.©: 2011. The Database Issue. Published by Oxford University Press

One-Step Assembly of Functionalized Morpholinones and 1,4-Oxazepane-3-ones via [3 + 3]- And [3 + 4]-Annulation of Aza-Oxyallyl Cation and Amphoteric Compounds

A new [3 + 3]- and [3 + 4]-annulation strategy involving azaoxyallyl cation and [1,m]-amphoteric compounds (m = 3,4) is presented. This concise method enables easy assembly of functionalized saturated N-heterocycles, comprised of six-and seven-membered rings and is of high significance in the context of drug discovery approaches. This reaction also represents a new trapping modality of the azaoxyallyl cation with amphoteric agents of different chain lengths that consist of a heteroatom nucleophilic site and a π-electrophilic site

Isolated Eigenvalues of the Ferromagnetic Spin-J XXZ Chain with Kink Boundary Conditions

We investigate the low-lying excited states of the spin J ferromagnetic XXZ chain with Ising anisotropy Delta and kink boundary conditions. Since the third component of the total magnetization, M, is conserved, it is meaningful to study the spectrum for each fixed value of M. We prove that for J>= 3/2 the lowest excited eigenvalues are separated by a gap from the rest of the spectrum, uniformly in the length of the chain. In the thermodynamic limit, this means that there are a positive number of excitations above the ground state and below the essential spectrum

Implementing Quantum Gates using the Ferromagnetic Spin-J XXZ Chain with Kink Boundary Conditions

We demonstrate an implementation scheme for constructing quantum gates using unitary evolutions of the one-dimensional spin-J ferromagnetic XXZ chain. We present numerical results based on simulations of the chain using the time-dependent DMRG method and techniques from optimal control theory. Using only a few control parameters, we find that it is possible to implement one- and two-qubit gates on a system of spin-3/2 XXZ chains, such as Not, Hadamard, Pi-8, Phase, and C-Not, with fidelity levels exceeding 99%.Comment: Updated Acknowledgement