The Megamaser Cosmology Project. V. An Angular Diameter Distance to NGC 6264 at 140 Mpc

We present the direct measurement of the Hubble constant, yielding the direct measurement of the angular-diameter distance to NGC 6264 using the H$_{2}$O megamaser technique. Our measurement is based on sensitive observations of the circumnuclear megamaser disk from four observations with the Very Long Baseline Array, the Green Bank Telescope and the Effelsberg Telescope. We also monitored the maser spectral profile for 2.3 years using the Green Bank Telescope to measure accelerations of maser lines by tracking their line-of-sight velocities as they change with time. The measured accelerations suggest that the systemic maser spots have a significantly wider radial distribution than in the archetypal megamaser in NGC 4258. We model the maser emission as arising from a circumnuclear disk with orbits dominated by the central black hole. The best fit of the data gives a Hubble constant of $H_{0} =$ 68$\pm$9 km s$^{-1}$ Mpc$^{-1}$, which corresponds to an angular-diameter distance of 144$\pm$19 Mpc. In addition, the fit also gives a mass of the central black hole of (3.09$\pm$0.42)$\times10^{7}$ $M_{\odot}$. The result demonstrates the feasibility of measuring distances to galaxies located well into the Hubble flow by using circumnuclear megamaser disks.Comment: 29 pages, 8 figures, Accepted by Ap

Understanding the role of shame and its consequences in female hypersexual behaviours: A pilot study

Background and aims: Hypersexuality and sexual addiction among females is a little understudied phenomenon. Shame is thought to be intrinsic to hypersexual behaviours, especially in women. Therefore, the aim of this study was to understand both hypersexual behaviours and consequences of hypersexual behaviours and their respective contributions to shame in a British sample of females (n = 102). Methods: Data were collected online via Survey Monkey. Results: Results showed the Sexual Behaviour History (SBH) and the Hypersexual Disorder Questionnaire (HDQ) had significant positive correlation with scores on the Shame Inventory. The results indicated that hypersexual behaviours (HBI and HDQ) were able to predict a small percentage of the variability in shame once sexual orientation (heterosexual vs. non-heterosexual) and religious beliefs (belief vs. no belief) were controlled for. Results also showed there was no evidence that religious affiliation and/or religious beliefs had an influence on the levels of hypersexuality and consequences of sexual behaviours as predictors of shame. Conclusions: While women in the UK are rapidly shifting to a feminist way of thinking with or without technology, hypersexual disorder may often be misdiagnosed and misunderstood because of the lack of understanding and how it is conceptualised. The implications of these findings are discussed

End-wall boundary layer measurements in a two-stage fan

Detailed flow measurements made in the casing boundary layer of a two-stage transonic fan are summarized. These measurements were taken at a station upstream of the fan, between all blade rows, and downstream of the last row. Conventional boundary layer parameters were calculated from the measured data. A classical two dimensional casing boundary layer was measured at the fan inlet and extended inward to approximately 15 percent of span. A highly three dimensional boundary layer was measured at the exit of each blade row and extended inward to approximately 10 percent of span. The steep radial gradient of axial velocity noted at the exit of the rotors was reduced substantially as the flow passed through the stators. This reduced gradient is attributed to flow mixing. The amount of flow mixing was reflected in the radial redistribution of total temperature as the flow passed through the stators. The blockage factors calculated from the measured data show an increase in blockage across the rotors and a decrease across the stators. For this fan the calculated blockages for the second stage were essentially the same as those for the first stage

The Most Detailed Picture Yet of an Embedded High-mass YSO

High-mass star formation is not well understood chiefly because examples are deeply embedded, relatively distant, and crowded with sources of emission. Using VLA and VLBA observations of water and SiO maser emission, we have mapped in detail the structure and proper motion of material 20-500 AU from the closest high-mass YSO, radio source-I in the Orion KL region. We observe streams of material driven in a rotating, wide angle, bipolar wind from the surface of an edge-on accretion disk. The example of source-I provides strong evidence that high-mass star formation proceeds via accretionComment: typo corrected and word added to abstract 6 pages including 4 B&W figures. To appear in the Proceeding of IAU Symposium 221, Star Formation at High Angular Resolution, Editors M. Burton, R. Jayawardhana & T. Bourke, Astronomical Society of the Pacifi

Impactite and pseudotachylite from Roter Kamm Crater, Namibia

Pseudotachylite is known to occur in a variety of geologic settings including thrust belts (e.g., the Alps and the Himalayas) and impact craters such as Roter Kamm, Namibia. Controversy exists, however, as to whether pseudotachylite can be produced by shock brecciation as well as by tectonic frictional melting. Also open to debate is the question of whether pseudotachylites form by frictional fusion or by cataclasis. It was speculated that the pseudotachylite at Roter Kamm was formed by extensional settling and adjustment of basement blocks during 'late modification stage' of impact. The occurrence of pseudotachylite in association with rocks resembling quenched glass bombs and melt breccias in a relatively young crater of known impact origin offers a rare opportunity to compare features of these materials. Petrographic, x-ray diffraction, and electron microprobe analyses of the impactites and pseudotachylites are being employed to determine the modes of deformation and to assess the role of frictional melting and comminution of adjacent target rocks

Polynomial Interpretation of Multipole Vectors

Copi, Huterer, Starkman and Schwarz introduced multipole vectors in a tensor context and used them to demonstrate that the first-year WMAP quadrupole and octopole planes align at roughly the 99.9% confidence level. In the present article the language of polynomials provides a new and independent derivation of the multipole vector concept. Bezout's Theorem supports an elementary proof that the multipole vectors exist and are unique (up to rescaling). The constructive nature of the proof leads to a fast, practical algorithm for computing multipole vectors. We illustrate the algorithm by finding exact solutions for some simple toy examples, and numerical solutions for the first-year WMAP quadrupole and octopole. We then apply our algorithm to Monte Carlo skies to independently re-confirm the estimate that the WMAP quadrupole and octopole planes align at the 99.9% level.Comment: Version 1: 6 pages. Version 2: added uniqueness proof to Corollary 2; added proper citation (to Starkman et al.) for Open Question; other minor improvement

Measuring the Higgs Branching Fraction into two Photons at Future Linear \ee Colliders

We examine the prospects for measuring the \gaga branching fraction of a Standard Model-like Higgs boson with a mass of 120 GeV at the future TESLA linear \ee collider, assuming an integrated luminosity of 1 ab$^{-1}$ and center-of-mass energies of 350 GeV and 500 GeV. The Higgs boson is produced in association with a fermion pair via the Higgsstrahlung process \ee $\to ZH$, with $Z \to$ \qq or \nn, or the WW fusion reaction $e^+e^- \to \nu_e \bar{\nu_e} H$. A relative uncertainty on BF(\hgg) of~16% can be achieved in unpolarized \ee collisions at $\sqrt{s}$=~500 GeV, while for $\sqrt{s}$=~350 GeV the expected precision is slightly poorer. With appropriate initial state polarizations $\Delta$BF(\hgg)/BF(\hgg) can be improved to 10%. If this measurement is combined with the expected error for the total Higgs width, a precision of 10% on the \gaga Higgs boson partial width appears feasible.Comment: 14 pages, 5 figure

Towards Proper Motions in the Local Group

Key and still largely missing parameters for measuring the mass content and distribution of the Local Group are the proper motion vectors of its member galaxies. The problem when trying to derive the gravitational potential of the Local Group is that usually only radial velocities are known, and hence statistical approaches have to be used. The expected proper motions for galaxies within the Local Group, ranging from 20 to 100 $\mu$as/yr, are detectable with VLBI using the phase-referencing technique. We present phase-referencing observations of bright masers in IC~10 and M33 with respect to background quasars. We observed the H$_2$O masers in IC10 three times over a period of two months to check the accuracy of the relative positions. The relative positions were obtained by modeling the interferometer phase data for the maser sources referenced to the background quasars. The model allowed for a relative position shift for the source and a single vertical atmospheric delay error in the correlator model for each antenna. The rms of the relative positions for the three observations is only 0.01 mas, which is approximately the expected position error due to thermal noise. Also, we present a method to measure the geometric distance to M33. This will allow re-calibration of the extragalactic distance scale based on Cepheids. The method is to measure the relative proper motions of two H$_2$O maser sources on opposite sides of M33. The measured angular rotation rate, coupled with other measurements of the inclination and rotation speed of the galaxy, yields a direct distance measurement.Comment: 4 pages, Proceedings of the 6th European VLBI Network Symposium, Ros, E., Porcas, R.W., Zensus, J.A. (eds.), MPIfR, Bonn, Germany (2002); Also availabe http://www.mpifr-bonn.mpg.de/staff/abrunthaler/brunthal01.p